Ever heard someone say, “Miso love you!” and get a laugh? Welcome to the world of dajare, or Japanese puns, that play on similar sounds and clever word twists. While these jokes are often groan-worthy, they are embedded in Japanese pop culture, daily conversations, and even advertising. 

If you are learning Japanese, understanding dajare can give you insight into how language and humor go hand in hand in Japan. Whether you are just starting out or looking to level up your language game with some laughter, this guide introduces 20 of the most iconic Japanese puns to know!

What is Dajare?

The word 駄洒落 (dajare) refers to a kind of pun or joke that is based on wordplay. Think of it as a Japanese dad joke. Dajare can be found everywhere in Japan, from advertisements to variety shows and even children’s books. They are often delivered with a smirk or a dramatic pause. 

Types of Japanese Puns

Of course, not all Japanese puns are created equal, much like the English equivalent. Check out a few common types of dajare before we dive right into some funny examples!

1. Homophones

Most probably, the most common types of puns, homophones, and multiple-meaning puns are jokes that use words that sound the same but have different meanings.

For example, the word かみ (kami) can mean “hair”, “paper”,or even “god” at the same time!

2. Similar sound and phrase substitution puns

Ever heard of Near-homophones or intentional substitutions that make a sentence funny or expected?

For example, the word すき (like) and スキー (ski) sound similar when you say them fast enough!

3. Kanji and visual wordplay

Sometimes dajare depend on kanji that look or sound alike, or even combine characters to form a joke.

Using our example before, the kanji for かみ (kami)  can be written as 神 (god) vs 紙 (paper)

4. Onomatopoeic and sound symbolism puns

Japan is rich with sound-based words like ぴかぴか (sparkling). These are twisted for a funny effect. 

Check out some funny Japanese onomatopoeia to know!

20 Funny Japanese Puns to Know

1. 布団が吹っ飛んだ

japanese wordplay on futon

Romaji: Futon ga futtonda

Meaning: The futon flew away

Wordplay: Futon (futon) + futtonda (blew away).

Explanation: This is probably one of the most iconic Japanese puns. It plays on the sound similarity between futon and futtonda, creating a rhythmic, rhyming phrase. It is funny, not because of the deep meaning, but because of the satisfying alliteration. Kids learn this early on, and it is often used in comedy routines.

2. Arumikan no ue ni aru mikan (アルミ缶の上にあるミカン)

arumi kan no ue ni aru mikan dajare

Romaji: Arumi-kan no ue ni aru mikan

Meaning: A mikan on top of an aluminum can.

Wordplay: Arumi-kan (aluminum can) + aru mikan (there’s a mikan)

Explanation: This pun is more visual when written out. It sounds like a Japanese tongue twister, and it uses a classic structure by breaking up compound words into separate words. While the sentence is perfectly grammatical, the absurdity of putting a mikan on a can is what makes it fun.

3. Ika ga ii ka? (イカがいいか?)

ika ga ii ka pun

Romaji: Ika ga ii ka?

Meaning: Is squid okay?

Wordplay: Ika (squid) + ii ka (is it okay?)

Explanation: The joke relies on how ii ka flows naturally after ika. It is the kind of question you would hear at a sushi restaurant, but it sounds so funny when you realize you are asking “Is squid good?” and saying “squid is good?” in the same exact breath. This is a Japanese pun that doubles as a useful phrase. 

4. Sukii wa suki (スキーは好き)

suki wa sukii wordplay

Romaji: Sukii wa suki

Meaning: I like skiing.

Wordplay: Suki (like) + sukii (ski)

Explanation: This dajare is straightforward and super useful for learners. You are saying you like skiing, but because suki and sukii sound so close, it creates a mini echo. This is also a common line used in various Japanese shows or textbook jokes.

5. Kaeru ga kaeru (カエルが帰る)

kaeru ga kaeru

Romaji: Kaeru ga kaeru

Meaning: The frog is going home.

Wordplay: Kaeru (frog) + kaeru (to return)

Explanation: Here, the humor comes from kaeru, which can mean both “frog” and the Japanese verb “return” depending on the kanji used. It is a favorite among children and language learners because it demonstrates how Japanese homophones work and makes vocabulary learning fun. 

6. Toire ni itto ire (トイレに行っといれ)

japanese pun on toilet

Romaji: Toire ni itto ire

Meaning: Go to the toilet.

Wordplay: Toire (toilet) + itto ire (go and come back – Kansai dialect)

Explanation: This pun is especially fun because it uses a Kansai dialect twist. It blends toire (toilet) with itto ire, a way of saying “go and come back.” It is almost like saying, “Go to the toilet and return.” The phrase mimics everyday language but swaps the expected ending for a sound-alike.

7. Sanda ga chitta (サンタが散った)

japanese pun abou santa clause

Romaji: Santa ga chitta

Meaning: Santa scattered.

Wordplay: Santa + chitta (cattered/fell apart)

Explanation: This pun has a dark humor twist. Santa is just Santa Claus, and chitta means “scattered” or “broken apart.” It sounds like the poor Santa Claus exploded into pieces, giving an oddly funny image. The unexpected violence in such a cheerful context is what makes it hilarious in Japanese comedy shows or manga with dramatically exaggerated reactions.

8. Kami ga kaminarimashita (雷がカミナリました)

japanese pun on lightning

Romaji: Kaminari ga kaminarimashita

Meaning: Lightning struck.

Wordplay: Kaminari (lightning) + nari mashita (happened)

Explanation: This joke uses kaminari (lightning) and turns it into a pseudo-verb kaminarimashita, which is a made-up version of “it lightning-ed”. Even though kaminari is not actually a verb, the sentence still feels grammatically correct, which makes it funny. It is a classic example of how dajare can bend grammar rules to create humor.

9. Kani ga kansha (カニに感謝)

kani ni kansha dajare

Romaji: Kani ni kansha

Meaning: Thanks to the crab.

Wordplay: Kani (crab) + kansha (gratitude)

Explanation: This pun rhymes kani (crab) with kansha (gratitude). The sentence literally means “I am thankful to the crab,” which sounds a bit absurd but polite. You might imagine someone bowing to a crab on a dinner plate, saying “Kani ni kansha.” It’s a polite pun that could be used in food-related contexts.

10. Ikura wa ikura? (いくらはいくら?)

ikura wa ikura

Romaji: Ikura wa ikura?

Meaning: How much is the salmon roe?

Wordplay: Ikura (salmon roe) + ikura (how much)

Explanation: Ikura can mean both “salmon roe” (a sushi topping) and “how much.” The full sentence is an actual question you might ask at a sushi restaurant: “How much is the ikura?” The double meaning makes it comedic because you repeat the same sound with different meanings.

11. Neko wa nekoronda (ねこはネコロンダ)

neko wa nekoronda pun

Romaji: Neko wa nekoronda

Meaning: The cat is lying down

Wordplay: Neko (cat) + nekoronda (to lie down)

Explanation: This pun uses the word neko, meaning “cat,” and nekoronda, meaning “laid down.” It sounds like you are repeating “neko” in a fun way — neko wa nekoronda, making it catchy and rhythmic. This one is light and silly, used mostly in kids’ books or nursery rhymes, and it plays with both vocabulary and sound to create a funny mental image: a lazy cat flopped over, doing what cats do best. It is also a great one for learners to practice pronunciation and see how word roots repeat in Japanese verbs.

12. Hae ga haee (ハエがはえー)

hae ga haee

Romaji: Hae ga haee

Meaning: The fly is fast!

Wordplay: Hae (fly) + hayai (fast) pronounced haē

Explanation: Hae means “fly” and haee is a casual pronunciation of the Japanese adjective hayai (fast). The phrase sounds like a complaint someone might make after being scared off by a buzzing fly. The humor lies in how natural yet goofy the line sounds, especially when said quickly.

13. Tou-san ga tousan shita (父さんが倒産した)

dajare about dad

Romaji: Tousan ga tousan shita

Meaning: Dad went bankrupt.

Wordplay: Tousan (father) + tousan (bankruptcy)

Explanation: In this pun, tousan can mean both “bankruptcy” and “dad”, depending on context. The phrase goes from serious to sympathetic, which adds emotional depth. It shows how dajare can combine both humor and real-world situations. 

14. Tousa, katsura katta ka na? (父さん、カツラ買ったかな?)

dajare about dad

Romaji: Tousan, katsura katta ka na?

Meaning: Did Dad buy a wig?

Wordplay: Katsura (wig)

Explanation: This joke involves tou-san (dad) and katsura (wig). It is funny because it is phrased like a serious question, but ends on a silly note with imagining your dad secretly buying a wig. It is great for playing with everyday vocabulary as well as poking fun at family.

15. Ana o hooru (穴をホール)

ana o hooru pun

Romaji: Ana o hooru

Meaning: Dig a hole.

Wordplay: Ana (hole) + hooru (hole)

Explanation: The sentence literally means “Dig a hole,” but it sounds like you are saying, “Hole a hole.” In Japanese, ana is the native word for “hole,” and hooru is a katakana loanword from English with the same meaning. The joke is subtle and plays on bilingual wordplay with a double “hole” that does not sound like much in English, but in Japanese, it is a cute and silly joke that is guaranteed to get some laughs. 

16. Kono okashi, okashii (このお菓子、おかしい)

okashi wa okashii japanese pun

Romaji: Kono okashi, okashii

Meaning: This sweet is weird. 

Wordplay: Okashi (sweets) + okashii  (weird)

Explanation: This dajare can be used as both a critique of a dessert and a punny observation. It is often used when trying unusual Japanese snacks and giving a review. The pun is perfect for describing things such as wasabi Kit Kats or squid ice cream. 

16. Megane ga nai to, me ga ne (ガネがないと、目がね…)

megane japanese wordplay

Romaji: Megane ga nai to, me ga ne

Meaning: Without glasses, my eyes… well…

Wordplay: Megane (glasses) + me ga ne… (my eyes are…)

Explanation: Megane means “glasses,” and me ga ne could be interpreted as “my eyes are…” trailing off. The pun is both visual and verbal, and the ellipsis adds a dramatic pause that makes it funnier when it is spoken. It is relatable for anyone who wears glasses!

17. Kono kanji, ii kanji (この漢字、いい感じ )

Romaji: Kono kanji, ii kanji

Meaning: This kanji, looks good. 

Wordplay: Kanji (Japanese kanji) + kanji (feeling/looks)

Explanation: This pun relies on kanji (Chinese characters) and kanji (feeling). It is a meta-joke about the kanji looking aesthetically pleasing. The repetition makes it catchy and great for textbook humor or classroom jokes.

18. Dajare o itta no wa dajare? (ダジャレを言ったのは誰じゃ?)

dajare pun

Romaji: Dajare o itta no wa dare ja?

Meaning: Who says the pun?

Wordplay: Dajare (pun) + dare ja (who?)

Explanation: Dajare means “pun” in Japanese, and dare ja means “who is it?” Said in an old-man or samurai-style accent, it becomes a silly accusation: “Who made the pun!?” It is often used after someone tells a bad joke, making it the perfect follow-up pun and a more lighthearted follow-up than silence. 

20. Tako ni tako ga dekita (タコにたこができた)

japanese pun about octopus getting a blister

Romaji: Tako ni tako ga dekita

Meaning: The octopus got a blister.

Wordplay: Tako (octopus) + tako (blister)

Explanation: Tako means both “octopus” and “blister.” So this sentence sounds like “A blister formed on the octopus.” It is a cute and clever use of a double meaning that creates an unexpected and funny visual. It is especially beloved by elementary school students and pun enthusiasts alike.

Conclusion

Dajare, or Japanese puns, may be groan-worthy, but they are an iconic and creative part of Japanese humor. Whether it is a quick pun in daily conversations or a full-on gag in a TV skit, mastering these jokes adds a fun layer to your language learning.

Learn to Make Your Own Puns by Learning Japanese!

Want to impress your friends with clever Japanese wordplay? Learn more Japanese with Coto Academy! Our expert teachers don’t just teach you grammar and vocabulary — we help you dive into the fun side of Japanese culture! Whether you’re a beginner or advanced learner, our flexible courses give you the tools to understand, appreciate, and even create your own dajare. 

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FAQ

What does dajare mean in Japanese?

Dajare is a pun or joke based solely on wordplay. There can be different types of dajare, but all are based on the concept of playing around with words and their different meanings. 

Why are puns so common in Japan?

Japanese is full of homophones and similar-sounding words because of its limited set of syllables. This makes it easy to come up with puns. They are also a simple way to break the ice or make people smile.

What is the difference between a dajare and a joke?

A dajare is a specific type of joke that hinges entirely on wordplay, usually a pun based on sound similarities. Regular jokes might involve storytelling, sarcasm, or situational humor.

Are Japanese puns used in anime or manga?

Absolutely, puns are a staple in anime and manga. Characters might crack puns during dialogue to lighten the mood, make others groan, or even help teach kids new vocabulary. 

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Whether you’re just beginning your Japanese study or already at an advanced level, chances are you will still encounter unfamiliar words that leave you reaching for a Japanese dictionary. Whether it’s through an app or a traditional paper dictionary, having the right tool can make all the difference.

As interest in the Japanese language continues to grow, despite its reputation as one of the most challenging languages to learn does the number of available Japanese dictionaries. But with so many options out there, how do you choose the right one? In this article, we will be reviewing the most popular Japanese dictionaries across categories, from paper dictionaries to smartphone apps.

What Makes a Good Japanese Dictionary? 

A good Japanese-to-English dictionary is a must-have tool for all Japanese learners. It helps us to learn Japanese faster and more efficiently. It must have 100% accuracy and be up-to-date, meaning that it must be updated every few years. Looking at the learner level the dictionary is at is also very important, as a beginner isn’t going to be using or learning the same words as someone getting ready to take the JLPT N1.

And lastly, having key features in the dictionary to help users retain more of what they are reading will be useful. This could include having some basic grammar worksheet usage. So, depending on what you are looking for, these key distinctions will help you in deciding which dictionary it is that you may need and can get the most use out of.

Looking for apps to learn Japanese? Check out these 30 apps for Japanese learning!

best japanese dictionary

Best Japanese Paper Dictionaries

Traditional paper dictionaries have been used by people for many years. Because they are printed, they are a reliable source of the most accurate and detailed explanations for words and sentences.  Here are our recommended paper dictionaries for Japanese learners.

1. Kodansha’s Communicative English-Japanese Dictionary

Widely referenced as the most comprehensive English-Japanese dictionary available. It has an all-inclusive word bank of 22,000 words with the support of 190,000 sample questions. It includes Japanese translations for common words, technical terms, and even slang. Additionally, phrasal verbs, specific expressions, idioms, and related grammar points are also included. Most importantly, there is furigana to ensure users the ease of reading.
In conclusion, this is a well-rounded paper dictionary suitable for all levels of Japanese learners.

Buy Kodansha’s Communicative English-Japanese Dictionary on Amazon.

2.Oxford Beginner’s Japanese Dictionary (Multilingual Edition)

This highly rated dictionary was designed to help English-speaking learners have a comprehensive and straightforward introduction to Japanese. It covers vocabulary needed within the first year of study, has notes on grammar, and overall helps guide readers on the culture of Japan. They provide clear examples to show how the language will be used in varying contexts, and is overall well-organized. One of its key features, too, is that the dictionary is split into two sections: The first, where words are organized alphabetically in Japanese, then the second part is organized alphabetically in English.

Buy Oxford’s Beginner Japanese Dictionary on Amazon.

3. Kodansha’s Furigana Dictionary

If you are an absolute beginner in Japanese and would like a dictionary that matches your beginner level. We recommend you use this. It is a basic English-Japanese and Japanese-English dictionary with 30,000 applicable basic Japanese words.
As its name suggests, there is always furigana on top of every kanji in the dictionary to assist the user as they read.
Despite having a smaller word bank, the explanations for each term are precise and comprehensive. For example, words are explained with thousands of examples of sentences. Differences in the usage of similar words are clarified in the dictionary. In conclusion, this is the first Japanese dictionary for beginners.

Buy Kodansha’s Furigana Dictionary on Amazon.

Electronic Japanese Dictionaries

If you feel that it is too troublesome flipping through thousands of pages on a paper dictionary, you may consider getting an electronic one.
Electronic Japanese dictionaries are portable, fast and with useful features such as kanji writing recognition and integrated audio. Some may also have multiple dictionaries stored. This allows you to avoid the trouble of carrying a heavy book around.

Electronic dictionaries have one big weakness – most Japanese electronic dictionaries are built for Japanese English learners. Therefore, the user interface is in Japanese most of the time. If you are a beginner in Japanese, we do not recommend you to get one.

The price of an electronic dictionary depends on its features and the number of dictionaries stored. While older models with basic functions cost less than 40 US dollars, some newer models have more features and bigger word banks are priced up to $500.

Because of the convenient translation websites and apps today, it is almost pointless to spend money on simple electronic dictionaries. As such, we advise you to purchase a newer model with better features. Specific models we recommend is Casio’s ED 9800 Series. It is the comprehensive English-Japanese dictionary series with the latest features. The latest model has the largest word bank supported by 20 English-Japanese dictionaries and 11 Japanese-Japanese dictionaries. Some online dictionaries have audiobooks attached to them, so users are able to double-check what they are saying sounds the same (or similar) to native speakers.

best japanese dictionary

Best Online Japanese Dictionaries and Apps

If you are looking for an easy solution that is also free, we recommend you use an online dictionary and ap dictionary. Online dictionaries and apps only require your phone or laptop and an internet connection (some are even available totally offline). They are extremely convenient, easily accessible, and suitable for most people.
Here are our recommended online dictionaries and apps.

1. Weblio

Weblio, image, photo, picture, illustration
Weblio

Weblio is the largest Japanese dictionary website with about 11,370,000 words recorded. You can simply search for the English explanation of a Japanese word or vice versa. Detailed explanations from different dictionaries will be listed with example sentences, phrases, and related words. However, because of the Japanese UI, this website is only recommended to upper beginners and above.

Check out Weblio.

2. Jisho.org

Jisho, image, photo, picture, illustration
Jisho

This is a powerful English Japanese online dictionary with a simple user interface and easy-to-use functions. Advanced search options allow you to search for Japanese translations, Kanji, example sentences, and names.
You can also look for words by their radicals, drawings, and even voice input in both Japanese and English. And what is really great for Japanese learners is that you can identify words based on their JLPT level. Kanji from the words will also be listed on the right with their pronunciations and meanings. This online dictionary is extremely suitable for self-learners.

Check out Jisho.org.

3. Japanese Dictionary Takoboto (Android)

Japanese Dictionary Takoboto, image, photo, pictures, illustration
Japanese Dictionary Takoboto

Rated the highest on Google Play, this is one of the best free offline Japanese dictionaries for Android. You can search for words using romaji, kana, kanji or alphabets. You can also search for the translation of complete sentences – just like jisho.org, you can search for kanji by their radicals. Other useful features, such as flashcards and custom word lists, make it even more convenient for use by learners.  If you are using an Android device, we highly recommend this app.

Check out Takaboto on Android.

4. Imiwa? (iOS)

Imiwa?, image, photo, picture, illustration
Imiwa?

A wordplay on the Japanese phrase, “What’s the meaning?” Imiwa is a popular free offline multilingual Japanese dictionary for iPhone. Like the one introduced above, this app also has a strong search engine that allows you to search by meaning, romaji, kanji or alphabet. Of course, you can also search for a kanji by radicals or by drawing it out. Animated stroke order diagrams, pronunciations, and definitions of the kanji will be shown in many languages.
For revision, you can review the words in your search history and create your vocabulary lists.  It is very highly rated and often suggested online.

Check out Imiwa on iOS.

5. Japanese(iOS/Android)

Japanese, image, photo, picture, illustration
Japanese

“Japanese” is a comprehensive offline Japanese dictionary for both Android and iPhone. It compiles every useful feature you can find in other Japanese dictionary apps. There are over 175,000 entries and 58,000 example sentences in this app, covering every Japanese word you would see. Moreover, it is more than just a dictionary. For users sitting for the JLPT or the Kanji Kentei, it has ready-built study lists for each level, getting you prepared for the tests.

Check out Japanese in iOS.

6. ALC

ALC is a well-established name in Japan’s language-learning world, known for its dependable and comprehensive resources. Its flagship online dictionary, Eijirou (英辞郎), is especially popular among professionals, including translators, thanks to its extensive database of example sentences, collocations, idiomatic phrases, and technical terms that are often missing from other dictionaries.

It’s particularly strong when you’re dealing with specialized vocabulary or need to understand how a term is used in different contexts. 

Check out ALC.

7. Nihongo

If you’re learning Japanese and use a phone or iPad, Nihongo is one of the best dictionary apps you can get your hands on. Created by developer and Japanese learner Chris Vasselli, the app is designed with learners in mind.

What makes Nihongo stand out is its seamless mix of dictionary and study tools. It automatically creates flashcards from words you look up, lets you add photos to help with memory, and shows whether a word is common, uncommon, or rare. 

There are also some clever features that make learning smoother. The app includes a Safari extension that adds furigana to kanji on websites, a handwriting tool for when you don’t know a kanji’s reading, and a “Clippings” feature that lets you save real Japanese text and study it later. You can even trace words you’ve saved back to the original content they came from. 

Check out Nihongo.

8. Kotobank

Kotobank is a Japanese-language online encyclopedia that lets you search across a wide range of dictionaries, encyclopedias, and databases.

It’s a go-to tool when you want quick, reliable definitions or need to better understand the deeper meaning of a Japanese term. The definitions often provide more nuance and cultural context than you’d get from a simple translation. 

Check out Kotobank.

9. Linguee

Linguee is a free online dictionary that supports multiple language pairs, including Japanese, German, Spanish, and more, translated from English. It’s easy to use and doesn’t require an account or login, which makes it a convenient tool for quick lookups.

What really sets Linguee apart is its vast number of example sentences. In addition to basic, tool-generated examples, it pulls real-world sentences from external sources like multilingual websites. These examples provide richer context and help you see how a word or phrase is actually used in natural writing. While not every translation is perfect—since most aren’t manually reviewed—it’s still an excellent resource for learners. 

Check out Linguee.

10. Tagaini Jisho

Tagaini Jisho is a free Japanese-English dictionary app available for both Mac and Windows. While its interface may look a bit old, it’s packed with features that are especially useful for serious learners. You can filter vocabulary by JLPT level, parts of speech, or kanji elements, making it great for targeted study. It even includes kanji stroke order animations to help with writing practice.

Other standout features include the ability to add custom tags and notes to entries, create flashcards, and even print out study booklets using foldable templates. These print-friendly sheets are perfect if you prefer offline learning or want something to carry around in your pocket.

Check out Tagaini Jisho.

11. Shirabe Jisho (iOS)  

“Shirabe Jisho” is owned by the same users who made Jisho.org, so now having a mobile interface that can be used in both Japanese-English or English-Japanese makes it all the better in our books. Its reliability stands out for users as well, with it having 4.9 stars out of 5 with over 7,500 ratings. 

Check out Shirabe Jisho.

Ready to Learn Japanese? Join Coto Academy!

There are many ways to go about learning Japanese, let alone many options for dictionaries. Take time for yourself and think about what will work best for you and your learning needs before you purchase your next dictionary. What are some features that you think will help you better comprehend Japanese? You could maybe trial a few to see what works best for you before totally submitting to one! 

If you’re looking for in-person practice or one-on-one help from a native speaker, Coto Academy may be what you need! With in-person classes or private online courses, Coto has a variety of options based on your needs to help you learn Japanese culture and language with ease!

If you are interested in studying Japanese in Tokyo, find out more about our school by filling out the form below. Courses can be found here.

FAQ

How do I translate Japanese words into English?

While it may vary dictionary-to-dictionary, most Japanese to English dictionaries have it so you can type or paste in the search box to be provided an instant search result. When it comes to physical dictionaries though, you can look it up alphabetically with the Japanese word. 

How do I search for Japanese words and kanji?

There are many ways of doing this, especially depending on if it’s a physical or e-book. Sometimes you can look it up using a search box, by category, stroke count, or by radicals. 

Should you take the JLPT N5 exam?

Through studying Japanese, taking the JLPT N5 exam may be a great way to stay motivated and see your hard work get good use. It is a good learning experience regardless of the score received, and helps to build structure in your learning goals and skills. 

What is the Japanese word for dictionary?

The Japanese word for dictionary is 辞書(じしょ / jisho).

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The word keigo (敬語) is written with the kanji that means “to respect” (敬) or “to admire” and the kanji for “language” (語). Japanese society has always cared for hierarchy to the point that honorific speech seems to be a whole other language. If you’re planning to build a fulfilling career in Japan, knowing business Japanese will help you stand out during your job search.

Whatever the reason you are studying Japanese, we believe you are having fun. You enjoyed writing your first hiragana and katakana. Gradually, you were able to express yourself and hold a steady casual conversation in Japanese. Or, at least, that was at the beginning.

As you reach the intermediate step, the fun fades away, and you are shaking your head in despair as you try to understand Japanese honorific speech.

So in this article, we’re guiding you through all the nooks and crannies of Japanese keigo, from the viewpoint of a non-native. We’ll discuss the honorific forms, humble forms, conjugations, and phrases.

Want to boost your career in Japan? Coto Academy’s 3-month Business Japanese Course is designed to help you master keigo (business Japanese) and improve workplace communication skills. Gain the confidence to speak professionally with colleagues and clients, navigate meetings, and open up new career opportunities!

Introduction to Japanese Keigo

Do you know that Japan had a caste system in the past? Until the Meiji restoration, people in different castes would not speak the same Japanese as a form of respect for social ranks. Despite the disappearance of the caste system, honorific speech is still used to mark the degree of intimacy or social standing between people.

To use keigo is to show your consideration and respect for a person older than you or someone with a higher social standing. Age isn’t the only factor. It can be based on a different position or experience in a company, like your senpai (someone who’s more senior). Your speech will differ accordingly to the person in front of you: a friend, a colleague, a chief or a client; and to whom you a referring to yourself, your friend, colleague or client.

But don’t believe keigo speech is easier for native speakers, too. Japanese kids learn keigo the hard way, as they enter junior high school and are confronted with the Japanese hierarchy. Suddenly, they have to mark the difference between 先輩 (elder students) and 後輩 (junior students).

If the thought of learning a whole new style of speaking Japanese sounds scary then you are not alone. Memorizing keigo is a challenge for even Japanese people so it’s good to know that we’re all in the same position. Very often, Japanese people will not learn keigo in school, but during intensive training sessions before they start their first job.

The Concept of Uchi and Soto

To better understand respectful speech, take a peek into the Japanese concept of uchi and soto, or “in-out” (内-外). The idea might seem simple: uchi (内) literally means “inside”, while soto (外) means “outside”. But both words aren’t just about the physical position. They’re used to describe social distance too.

The concept of uchi and soto shapes Japan’s culture. In sociology and social psychology, there is the concept of “in-group” and “out-group”, and the Japanese society takes this matter more seriously — so seriously, in fact, that it plays a significant role in its language.

Basically, an in-group is the social group that you identify as a member of. Out-group, on the other hand, is a group that doesn’t fall into the in-group.

In Japanese, 内 means home. As a concept, uchi (内) reflects in-group and refers to all the people you know inside a specific social circle: your family, your company and your club. For example, inside the 内, family members may drop the title.

In Japanese, soto (外) is the culture’s equivalent to out-group. As a concept, 外 refers to all the people who are not inside your specific social circle. For example, another company’s employee or team rival.

So why are these concepts important in Japanese keigo? Japan, like many Eastern countries that tend to be collectivists, follows the rough idea that conformity in society is more important — the opposite of more individualistic views of Western culture.

In other words, being part of a group is an important element in Japan. Japanese speech differs depending on the social context of what you define as your in-group at the moment.

In-group can go as small as your family and span to a country. Think of the concept of “us” and “them”. This dynamic concept affects social interactions and is reflected in the Japanese language. So keep in mind that you will not use honorific words when speaking about insiders (people from your social circles) to outsiders.

Japanese Keigo for Beginners

Before you actually dive into keigo, you will probably learn the polite verb forms, otherwise known as teinei (丁寧/ていねい). This consists of the stem of a verb and what is called the ~ます form. For example, the verb “to see”, る, becomes ます.

Keigo covers both humble form, kenjougo (謙譲語), and polite form, sonkeigo (尊敬語), with various levels of vocabulary and expressions. This written Japanese offers even more complexity.

When you start to have a good command of Japanese, you will realize that politeness in Japanese is of great importance when dealing with elders or working in a professional environment. You will learn to adjust your speech depending on whether you have a certain intimacy with someone or to emphasize the social rank disparity if you are in a higher position.

ご飯を食べます。
Gohan o tabemasu.

映画をみます。
Eiga o mimasu.

But what if you want to show even more respect to someone? After all, humility is a big part of Japanese culture, in work or social life. Take a look at the table below to see three different levels of “politeness”.

CasualFormalKeigo
お土産をもらった。
Omiyage o moratta
お土産をもらいました。
Omiyage o moraimashita
お土産をいただきました。
Omiyage o itadakimashita.

One of our students joked that a good rule of thumb is this: the longer the sentence become, the more polite and formal it is. We don’t know if it’s entirely true, but that’s the pattern we see.

Now, you’re most likely to use the casual Japanese form with your in-group — who you have an equal or casual relationship with. This can be your classmates who you know very well, your close friends, siblings or even parents.

Going up a notch, the formal form is typically used for someone who has more social distance from you: your teachers, coworkers or strangers.

You use the utmost polite Japanese keigo to someone you deem sits on a much higher social hierarch. This demographic falls to people like your managers, boss and, yes, customers or clients.

But remember the “in-group” and “out-group” concepts again? Japanese people, especially women, have a tendency to use keigo even to a stranger, so don’t be surprised if they talk to you in a very humble and honorific language.

Basic Rules of Keigo

Now that we’ve gotten over who we can use keigo and the concept of uchi and soto, we can deal with the real keigo rules. The Japanese language is actually divided into three groups: the polite style, the humble style and the honorific style.

When using keigo, some words can be substituted for a more respectful version. For example, the word あした (tomorrow) and ひと (person) will become あす and かた respectively. This form of speech is called Aratamatta iikata (改まった言い方): formal speech.

The second thing to know is that Japanese honorific prefixes o or go can be added to certain nouns and verbs. The easiest examples is certainly tea, cha which becomes “o-cha” and family, 家族, which becomes ご家族. 

The adjunction of honorifics after names is also a part of the respectful speech. The polite さん, like Tanaka-san (田中さん) becomes Tanaka-sama (田中様).

1. Polite Japanese: Teineigo (丁寧語)

The polite style is the easiest form of keigo ruled by regular grammar with a structure similar to casual speech. Thus, it is the first form of keigo taught to Japanese language learners. So when you are using です and ます instead of the dictionary form, a considerate and formal tone of Japanese, you are already using keigo.

As a reminder, the copula です comes after nouns, adjectives, and adverbs, generally, at the end of a sentence while the suffix ます is added at the end of a verb.

EnglishRegular丁寧語
I am going to buy a book.本を買いに行く。
Hono kaini iku.
本を買いに行きます。
Hono kaini ikimasu.
The phone is broken.携帯(けいたい)が壊(こわ)れた。
Keitaiga kowareta.
携帯が壊れました。 
Keitaiga kowaremashita.
What is this?これは何だ 。
Korewa nan da.
こちらは何ですか。
Kochirawa nandesuka.

2. Honorific Japanese: Sonkeigo (尊敬語)

This style is to show respect to someone of higher position, like a superior or a customer, when speaking to them. You should never use 尊敬語 form to refer to yourself. The usage of 尊敬語 is difficult to understand, and characterized by lengthy polite sentences. Whereby, common verbs will change for more polite ones and some will even change into a respectful form.

EnglishRegularHonorofic Form
Is Mr. Tanaka here?すみません、田中先生はいますか。
Sumimasen, tanaka-sensei wa imasuka
すみません、田中先生はいらっしゃいますか
Sumimasen, tanaka-sensei wa irasshaimasuka
How was the interview?面接はどうでしたか。
Mensetsu wa dou deshitaka
面接はいかがでしたか。
Mensetsu wa ikaga deshitaka

Humble Keigo: 謙譲語

In the table above, you will find the honorific and humble styles’ special set expressions, along with the polite and casual speech forms.

The following humble set-expressions おります, 参ります, いたします, いただきます, もうします, 存じでおります are part of a third category called 丁重語. This courteous form of keigo is not often referred to and is used when your action does not directly involve the listener, but most likely the person you are talking to is someone to whom you want to be very polite.

EnglishRegular謙譲語
I am Sakura. 私はさくらです。
Watashi wa sakura desu.
私はさくらと申します。
Watashi wa sakura to moushimasu.
The phone is broken.携帯(けいたい)が壊(こわ)れた。
Keitaiga kowareta.
携帯が壊れました。 
Keitaiga kowaremashita.
I read the bookこの本を読みました。
Kono hon o yomimashita.
こちらの本を拝読しました。
Kochira no hon haitokushimashita.

When referring to yourself, you should be humble. When referring to someone in your inner circle, you should humble them too — because the concept of “in-group” stipulates that they’re part of you too.

The kenjougo (謙譲語) is used to lower your social status when speaking about yourself. It should be used when you are speaking to someone of higher social rank when describing the actions of you or someone of your circle. Like for 尊敬語, the 謙譲語 substitutes verbs with other forms. Nouns may also change: the word 人, previously mentioned, will become 者.

This is particularly important in the Japanese work environment. When you’re speaking directly to your manager, you will probably address them in honorific form — because they’re socially higher than you. Easy, right?

Now, what about when you’re talking to your company’s clients, and suddenly need to mention your managers? To refer to them directly, do you use the humble or honorific form?

The answer is humble form. This is because in that moment, your manager is part of your in-group (uchi) and the client is your soto. An important thing to know is that you “raise” people from your out-group while you lower the peope in your in-group, regardless of the individual’s status from the beginning.

Japanese Keigo Conjugation

For both honorific and humble styles, as seen previously, certain verbs have set expressions. For the verbs without such set expressions, they obey keigo conjugations. The first rule is the adjunction of the polite prefix “o” to the stem of the verb.

We often focus on verbs construction and the social relations between a speaker and a listener, but keigo covers more than set expressions and situational examples. In particular, Japanese language uses honorific prefixes. Most of you might know that the Japanese honorific prefixes お (o) or ご (go) can be added to some nouns and verbs.

When used with a noun, it is preceded by either お (o) or ご (go), but is limited to only nouns which indicate actions (suru verbs). For verb, erase the ます and add になる.

EnglishHonorific Form
Verbお + Verb ます (stem form) + になる
Nounお/ご + Noun + になる

部長はいつ海外からお戻りになりますか。

課長はお変えになりました。

You can essentially add お (o) or ご (go) to any nouns to transform it into honorific form, but be careful. Adding too many prefixes will make your sentences sound awkward — we don’t want you trying tohard, and there are other ways to talk in keigo without putting お before every object.

However, you’ll most likely encounter these words without realizing that they are nouns with honorific prefixes.

EnglishHonorific JapaneseRomaji
Teaお茶Ocha
Waterお水Omizu
Alcoholお酒Osake
Mealご飯Gohan
Orderご注文Gochuumon
Sweetsお菓子Okashi
Timeお時間Ojikan

For the humble style, the construction of the verb will be as follows: お/ご + stem of the verb + する. You have certainly heard it before in お+願い+します(“please”).

The honorific style can also be expressed with what is called the “easy keigo” with verbs used in the passive form れる or られる. Although said to be easier, this form of keigo can be confused with the passive voice and should be used with care.

29 Useful Japanese Keigo Phrases for Work

The first step is understanding that some kanji readings and some words are different depending on if you are casual or polite. The easiest example is the word “tomorrow”. You’ll learn 明日 is read あした but, as you progress in your Japanese studies, you’ll quickly encounter the reading あす.

EnglishCasual JapaneseKeigo words for work
Tomorrow明日(あした)明日(あす)
After tomorrow明後日(あさって)明後日(みょうごにち)
Last night昨日の夜昨夜 (さくや)
Tomorrow morning 明日の朝明朝 (みょうちょう)
From tomorrow明日以降後日 (ごじつ)
This year今年本年 (ほんねん)
The other dayこの間先日 (せんじつ)
On that day その日当日 (とうじつ)
Last year: 去年(きょねん)去年(さくねん)
Year before last 一昨年(おととし)一昨年(いっさくねん)
Soon, shortlyもうすぐまもなく
Nowいまただいま
Earlier前に以前 (いぜん)
Later あとで後ほど (あとほど)
Immediatelyすぐにさっそく
This time, now今度このたび
Just nowさっき先ほど (さきほど)
Whereどこどちら
This wayこっちこちら
That wayあっちあちら
Over thereそっちそちら
Which one どっちどちら
Just a minute ちょっと少々 (しょうしょう)
Very, terriblyとても大変 (たいへん)
Very, greatlyすごく非常に (ひじょうに)
How many, how muchどのくらいいかほど
A few, a little: 少し些少(さしょう)
Considerable 多い多大 (ただい)
About, approximately~ぐらい~ほど

When Should I Use Japanese Keigo?

Well, respectful language should be used toward older people, toward distinguished people, and in the workplace. Of course, exceptions exist and that is why keigo is as difficult for native speakers as for learners.

The respectful language can be strictly applied in one company or more loose in another. Foreigners often get slack from the Japanese as they do not expect a non-native to master this speech.

The difficulty also resides in the unknown: a gathering of people you do not know and here you are at loss, not knowing who is eminent, who has your age and who is younger. In some contexts, casual speech is preferred as an ice breaker while Keigo would be considered too distant.

Speaking Keigo As a Foreigner in Japan

While native speakers are expected to use proper keigo (and if they do not, they are seen as unprofessional and will be frowned upon), the same is not always true for non-native speakers. Foreigners are often forgiven for their misuse of keigo and are excused for not having a good command of that high level of Japanese.

That being said, you should do your best to try and learn Japanese keigo. And the best way to master the Japanese honorific is to learn slowly but surely all the ins and outs of respectful speech.

Keigo is also widely used in the workplace. Check out our business Japanese courses and send us an inquiry if you want to know more about Japanese keigo.

Want to study Japanese with us?

FAQ

What is Keigo?

Keigo is the Japanese system of honorific language used to show respect, politeness, and humility depending on the social context.

Why is Keigo important in Japanese?

It reflects respect for hierarchy and social relationships. Using keigo correctly is essential in formal situations like work, customer service, and meeting new people.

What are the main types of Keigo?

  • Teineigo (丁寧語): Polite language using -masu/-desu endings.
  • Sonkeigo (尊敬語): Respectful language for elevating others.
  • Kenjōgo (謙譲語): Humble language to lower yourself or your in-group.

When should I use Sonkeigo?

When referring to the actions of someone above you in status, like a boss, customer, or teacher.

When should I use Kenjougo?

When talking about your own actions in a formal setting, especially in service roles or business.

Is Teineigo enough for daily conversations?

Yes! Teineigo is perfectly fine for general polite conversations, especially if you’re a learner or in casual-professional settings.

Do native speakers always use Keigo perfectly?

Not always. Even native speakers adjust based on context and may sometimes mix forms casually.

How can I practice Keigo?

Listen to real conversations (like in dramas or customer service), mimic phrases, and study common verb transformations for each keigo type.

Is Keigo only for business?

No—while it’s crucial in business, it’s also used in schools, public services, formal events, and when meeting someone for the first time.

Want to work in Japan? You might like related content like:

Have you ever wondered how to describe a position in Japanese? Picture this: you’re wandering through the busy streets of Tokyo and want to ask a local which way leads to the nearest train station. Or maybe you’re sitting in a Japanese classroom, and the teacher is giving directions like “Look up,” “Turn right,” or “Go down the stairs.” What exactly do these phrases mean?

Knowing how to say basic directions like “up,” “down,” “left,” and “right” in Japanese can make these moments much easier and more fun! In this guide, we’ll introduce you to the essential direction words in Japanese and show you how to use them naturally in everyday conversations. Let’s get moving!

up down left right in japanese

Grammar Pattern to Describe Positions in Japanese

In Japanese, there are two main sentence patterns used to describe location, both simple and useful for beginners. In Japanese, to say where something is, you put the position word after the thing you are talking about. You connect them with the particle の (no). Then, you add the particle に (ni) or で (de) after the position word to show the location.

Let’s take a look at how to use them, along with examples to help you speak naturally and confidently!

1. ~ wa ~ no ~ ni arimasu/imasu

This structure emphasizes what you’re talking about first. For example:

テレビはテーブルの上にあります。
Terebi wa teeburu no ue ni arimasu.
The TV is on the table.
Here, “テレビ” is the topic, and the sentence explains its position.

2. ~ no ~ ni ~ ga arimasu/imasu

This structure is useful when pointing out or describing something in a place. For example:

テーブルの上にテレビがあります。
Teeburu no ue ni terebi ga arimasu.
On the table, there is a TV.

In both patterns, use います for people and animals, and あります for objects and inanimate things.

Note: Make sure to know how to read and write hiragana, as a lot of Japanese particles use them.

Positions in Japanese (With Examples)

Now that you know how to describe where something or someone is using basic sentence patterns, it’s time to learn the actual position words in Japanese! Thankfully, many of them correspond closely to English, like “up,” “down,” “left,” “right,” “inside,” and “outside.” These words are used together with particles like の (no) and verbs like あります / います to express location naturally.

One thing to note is the word まえ (前), which can be a bit tricky. It usually means “in front,” but in other grammar patterns, it can also mean “before” (as in time). Context is important, but with practice, you’ll quickly get the hang of it!

Here’s a helpful list of common position words in Japanese:

apaneseRomajiEnglish Meaning
ueup / above
shitadown / under
maein front / before
後ろushirobehind
nakainside
sotooutside
hidarileft
migiright
yokobeside / next to
aidabetween

Examples of Describing Up, Down, Left & Right in Japanese

1. 上: Above/on

かばんはいすの上にあります

kabanwa isuno ueni arimasu

The bag is on the chair

2. 下: Below/under

below or under in japanese

(き)のにいます

ikuwa kino shitani arimasu

The dog is under the tree.

3. 左: Left 

how to describe left position in japanese

ペン携帯(けいたい)があります

Penno hidarini keitaiga arimasu

There is a phone on the left side of the pen.

4. 右: Right

describing right position in japanese

私(わたし)先生(せんせい)がいます

Watashino migini senseiga imasu

There is a teacher on my right.

Examples of Describing Inside, Outside, Front, and Back in Japanese

You can also use the two sentence patterns mentioned earlier to make sentences with these position words.

1. 中: Inside

how to use inside in japanese

りんごはバスケットの中にあります。

Ringowa basukettono nakani arimasu

The apples are in the basket.

2. 外: Outside

家(いえ)の外に自転車(じでんしゃ)があります。

Ieno sotoni jidenshaga arimasu

There is a bike outside my house.

3. 前: In front

how to describe position in japanese

テレビの前にボールがあります。

Terebino maeni bouruga arimasu

There is a ball in front of the TV.

4. 後ろ: Behind

behind in japanese

子供(こども)の後ろ(うしろ)にねこがいます。

Kodomono ushironi nekoga imasu

There is a cat behind the kid.

5. 隣: Tonari

病院の隣にコンビニがあります。

Byouinno tonarini connbiniga arimasu

There is a convenience store beside the hospital.

6. 近く: Nearby something

using nearby or tonari in japanese

この近くに銀行があります。

Konochikakuni ginkouga arimasu

There is a bank nearby.

What’s Next? Learn More Phrases with Coto Academy!

Now you know the 10 common Japanese positioning words, do you know how to ask for directions in Japanese? What about other common Japanese phrases?

Master more basic Japanese language skills with Coto Academy, a leading Japanese language school with campuses in Iidabashi, Shibuya and Yokohama! Join part-time Japanese classes or a full-time intensive program based on your level and goal!

Want to learn more Japanese phrases? Read our guide on:

FAQ

What are the post positions in Japanese?

Post positions in Japanese are particles like に (ni), で (de), and の (no) that come after words to show location, direction, or possession.

Do Japanese go up and down or left to right?

Japanese can be written both vertically (top to bottom, right to left) and horizontally (left to right).

How do you say up in Japanese?

Up in Japanese is 上 (うえ, ue).

How do you say left and right in Japanese?

Left is 左 (ひだり, hidari) and right is 右 (みぎ, migi).

ください (kudasai) and おねがいします (onegaishimasu) are one of the first phrases you’ll hear when you’re studying Japanese, typically used to ask for a favor or request. Their versatility — not to mention their relation to Japan’s culture of politeness and humility — is the reason you’ll find Japanese people using them a lot.

In essence, both words mean “please,” and it’s easy to use them interchangeably. Sure, in English, there’s only one way to say “please”, but in Japanese, it is a bit different. ください and おねがいします, but their contextual meaning and how to use them are different. .

This little semantic difference is backed by years and years of cultural preference. Beyond a simple translation, they are selectively used depending on the tone, context and sentence structure you’re going for. So when and how do you use kudasai and onegaishimasu separately? Continue reading in this blog!

Before we go further into the article, note that this article will use hiragana, so prior knowledge of them is a must. If you’re still learning them, don’t worry. Take a look at our hiragana chart to review them.

Jump to:

The Literal Meaning of Kudasai and Onegaishimasu

ください or 下さい is derived from the verb くださる, which means to ”give me”. It is the humble honorific verb that means the same as くれる. Following this, ください is used when you want to get something from the other speaker or party. In English, we can translate it to “Please give me (this).” Thus the verb is describing the action of the “requester”

On the other hand, おねがいします or お願いします comes from the word 願い・ねがい, which means “wish” or “hope“. When you use おねがいします, you are basically asking someone to humbly do you a favor. Think of it as describing the action of the requestor. When used to tell someone to do something with おねがいします, it becomes less of a wish and more of an instruction (“to request”). When you are saying おねがいします, you are literally saying either “I’d like that” or “I beg of you.”

To get a better picture of how these two phrases differ, check out the example sentences.

ラーメン を ひとつください。
Give me one (bowl) of ramen.

サラダ を お願いします。
さらだ を おねがいします。
Salad, please.

Now that you know the literal meaning, let’s get into both words’ contextual implications.

Contextual Meaning of Kudasai (ください)

1. ください is used when asking something for yourself (or your group)

While these two words can be roughly translated as “please”, ください is used to make a request for something you are entitled to. In other words, you can’t use kudasai on someone’s behalf.

For example, Nをください translates to “Please give me N.” Take a look at a simple example below.

A:これ を ください (Please give me this)。
B:はい (Yes)。

2. ください is used to ask someone who is equal or below your social status

In Japan and its society, rank is important, and your position will determine the degree of politeness. This is why keigo (humble Japanese form used in business or work) is a big part of Japanese culture.

A teacher who is requesting something from their student will use ください instead of おねがいします because, having to bear the higher title, they can speak more casually. The same can be said when you are a guest (お客さま) ordering at a store or a restaurant.

You wouldn’t want to use “kudasai” to your manager or supervisor. Instead, you use it for making a request to a friend or someone who has a lower social status, like your こうはい (your junior at work or school).

鉛筆 を ください
えんぴつ を ください
Give me the pencil.

Notice that in these example sentences, ください feels more like a command, closer to order. ください’s blatancy can feel awkward when it’s used to someone with a higher social status.

3. ください is used for only concrete or tangible things

You can only use ~をください for concrete things. For things like an understanding, explanation or other non-tangible requests, opt for おねがいします instead.

You can, however, tie the object with a verb (~te form) and add ください. Take a look at the example below.

説明 を 下さい。
せつめい を ください
Explain, please (wrong).

説明して下さい。
せつめいしてください
Please explain (correct).

4. ください is more casual when requesting an object

Simply speaking, ください has a more casual (not to be mistaken as rude) tone than おねがいします. It implies a demand and want, rather than a wish or request.

The same way Japanese men and women uses different suffix (kun, chan or san) and first-and-second pronouns (watashi, ore or boku), you’ll tend to hear men use ください more often than women.

水 を ください
みず を ください
Give me (a glass of) water.

5. ください can be used to make formal commands

You can’t use onegaishimasu for commands, but you can use kudasai to do an action using the ~て formula. This is because “kudasai” can be used with a verb.

Keep in mind that ください is a less polite way of requesting an object (something tangible), but when it comes to making an order, it is considered polite. Take a look at the example below.

座ってください。
すわってください。
Please take a seat.

食べてください。
たべてください。
Please eat.

ちょっと待ってください
ちょっとまってください。
Please wait a moment.

To make the command more casual (be careful when using it), you can omit the ください.

ちょっと待ってね。
ちょっとまってね
Wait.

Note that you can use a verb with onegaishimasu, but you have to change the verb into a noun. In this case, adding の (no) after it nominalizes a verb.

Contextual Meaning of Onegaishimasu (おねがいします)

1. おねがいします is used to make requests for someone who is higher than you or a stranger

Onegaishimasu has a more passive and humble tone to it. In fact, you’ll find おねがいします partnered together in other formal phrases: when you meet someone, when you reply to a mail or when you’re working together. It’s more commonly used to request a favor from a superior or someone you don’t know. This is because おねがいします is closer to “I beg of you” than “would you please.”

水をください。
みずをください。
(Give me) water, please.

水をお願いします。
みずをおねがいします
(A glass of) water, please.

Notice that in the example, kudasai feels more direct. This relates to Japanese culture. Japanese people are generally indirect communicators. They may be ambiguous when answering questions and making requests to prevent a loss of face or out of politeness. You can also use ‘kudasai’ for an item, but if you want to be more formal when requesting an object, use おねがいします instead.

If you want to be more humble use, you’d say おねがいいたします. いたします is the most humble form of “do” or する.

3. おねがいします is used when you are requesting a service you can’t fulfill yourself

東京駅 まで お願いします。
とうきょうえき まで おねがいします。
To Tokyo Station, please.

When you’re requesting service for something you can’t do yourself, you mustn’t use kudasai. In the above situation above, you can’t travel to Tokyo Station alone. Instead, you’re asking a taxi driver to do it for you.

4. おねがいします is used for asking to speak to someone on the phone

This is one of the situations where only おねがいします is used (the other being asking for a service). When asking to speak to someone on the phone, you can only use おねがいします. You can’t ask someone to “give” you a person.

田中さんお願いします。
たなかさんおねがいします。
May I speak to Mr. Tanaka?

Similarly, you can’t ask for someone using kudasai as it is considered rude.

べんごしおねがいします。
May I have a lawyer, please.

5. おねがいします can be used to request abstract objects

~をお願いします can be used when you ask for abstract or non-tangible things. This includes explanations, understanding or cooperation.

One of the examples is an expression you’d often hear on train platforms or informal announcements.

ご協力 を おねがいします。
ごきょうりょく を おねがいします。
We ask for your cooperation.

ご理解 を おねがいします
ごりかい を おねがいします。
We ask for your understanding.

Note that we use “go” ご to add a feeling of politeness. In Japanese, it is common to use the prefixes お and ご when using keigo. If you want to know more about them, check our introduction to Japanese honorific and humble form here.

How to Use Kudasai (ください)

Noun + を + ください

Kudasai (ください) is put after an object and its o particle (を).

Example sentenceEnglish translation
スタンプ(を)ください。Stamp, please.
カフェラテ(を)ください。(One) caffe latte, please.
おかわり(を)ください。Please refill

It’s common in everyday conversation to skip the o (を) particle when using ください.

Verb ~て + ください

For this, you will need to know how to conjugate Japanese verbs into ~te (~て). There are three different conjugation groups, with some irregular verbs that have exceptions to the て form rules. If you haven’t learned them already, we’ve made a separate blog post on how to transform a verb into a ~te verb, complete with handy illustrated cards.

Example sentenceEnglish translation
自分の袋を持ってください
じぶんのふくろをもってください。
Please bring your own bag.
毎日勉強してください
まいにちべんきょうしてください。
Please study every day
写真を撮ってください
しゃしんをとってください。
Please take a picture.

How to Use Onegaishimasu (おねがいします)

Noun + を + おねがいします

Similar to kudasai, おねがいします follows the o particle (を) and the object of the sentence. Remember that while you can replace ください with おねがいします, it depends on the context and social circumstances.

を in ~をおねがいします can be skipped, particularly in spoken conversations.

Example sentenceEnglish translation
よやくをおねがいします。I want to make a reservation, please.
でんわをおねがいします。Please make a phone call.
メニューをおねがいします。(I want to see) the menu, please.

おねがいします can stand alone

はい、お願いします。
Yes, please.

宜しくお願いします。
よろしくおねがいします。
This phrase roughly translates to “I hope things go well” or “I hope you treat me well”.

There are a number of ways to translate the meaning of よろしくおねがいします, but the important point to note is that it is not said with regards to something that has already happened. Instead, it is used as an expression of gratitude, apology, explanation, or expression of something that will happen in the future.

Nominalized verb + おねがいします

To do this, use a plain-form verb and attach it to a の (no)

Plain formVerb to noun
to eatたべるたべるの
to drinkのむのむの
to seatすわるすわるの
to goいくいくの
to readよむよむの

For the word たべるの, because it essentially becomes a noun, you can use it with おねがいします and do the following:

たべるの(を)おねがいします。

ちょっとまっておねがいします
Please wait a moment. Wrong.

Although using it is pretty simple, we strongly advise you to say まってください instead.

Conclusion

Ultimately, both are equivalent to “please”, so you’re not going to be wrong no matter which one you use. Just remember that kudasai can be used for a te-form verb. Once you find your footing and preference, using them will be a breeze.

Start Taking Japanese Lessons at Coto Language Academy. Learn the “Real” Japan!

Want to learn Japanese? Join Coto Academy. With a strong focus on practical Japanese, you can learn in a small, fun class. Online or in-person. Intensive or once a week. You decide. If you are interested in studying Japanese, find out more about our school by filling out the form below.

FAQ

How do you use ください in Japanese?

 ”ください” is used to politely request something, like saying “please give me” or “please do” in English.

How to use まで in a sentence?

“まで” means “until” or “up to” and marks the endpoint of time, place, or quantity (e.g., 5時まで = until 5 o’clock).

Do you use ください when ordering food?

Yes, you can use “ください” when ordering food to politely ask for a menu item (e.g., ラーメンをください = Ramen, please).

Why do girls say やめてください?

“やめてください” means “please stop,” and girls (or anyone) use it to politely ask someone to stop doing something unwanted.

Want to learn more Japanese phrases? Read our guide on:

For many of us, our love for Japan began with manga, whether it was action-packed cult classics like One Piece or something more niche in the shoujo (genre for young women) comics. So why not turn that passion into a way to learn Japanese? We get it—you might be thinking: Is that even possible? Don’t I need to know a ton of kanji to be able to read manga?

Similar to using anime to learn Japanese, reading untranslated Japanese manga can be a great tool to aid your study. Like anime, it is packed with conversational Japanese while also providing visual aid. The visual artwork helps you understand the context without needing to know every word being said. But the best part about manga is you don’t have to worry about pausing when you miss something. 

Whether you’re a fan of manga or looking for a place to start, we will provide recommendations of stories that you can sink into while learning Japanese. We will separate the categories from beginner, intermediate, to advanced. Two birds with one stone, right?

Getting Started with Japanese Manga 

Different from Western comic books, manga (漫画) refers to Japanese comic books or graphic novels. It’s a hugely popular form of entertainment in Japan and around the world, covering a wide range of genres, from action, romance, and fantasy to slice-of-life, horror, and even business or cooking.

Can I Learn Japanese with Manga?

Absolutely! Manga can be a fun and surprisingly effective way to learn Japanese, especially if you’re already a fan.

One of the biggest advantages is that many manga include furigana: small hiragana characters written alongside kanji. This helps readers understand the pronunciation without constantly reaching for a dictionary, making it ideal for learners still building their kanji skills.

Since most manga are driven by dialogue, the sentences are usually short and conversational. That means you’ll get exposed to natural Japanese in bite-sized, manageable chunks, unlike dense textbook passages. And unlike anime, there’s no need to pause and rewind. You can take your time, reread tricky lines, and even jot down new vocabulary as you go.

Of course, manga is best used as a complement to your studies. It won’t replace structured learning, but it’s a great way to reinforce grammar, grow your vocabulary, and make studying feel more enjoyable.

Here are a few ways you can learn and read manga:

1. Start off with easier manga, such as slice of life manga

This part is very important and is skipped more often than not. If you are starting from scratch, perhaps Naruto might not be the best starting point. It’s very easy to get excited and try to read your favorite titles, but not understanding any of the language will defeat the purpose of reading in Japanese and having fun doing it. But don’t worry! There are plenty of captivating manga you can read that contain more entry-level Japanese. 

2. Find manga with furigana

Most manga written for younger audiences will feature furigana or hiragana written above kanji and sometimes katakana. Since children still can’t read many kanji, manga written for them will have hiragana to help them read through the whole manga. 

3. Use the artwork to understand context

Rather than looking up every word you don’t understand, try seeing if you can understand the text based on the visual artwork. 

4. Keep your phone handy to translate

If the visuals aren’t enough to understand specific terms, keep your phone or translator handy while reading. There might be one word or so that you need to know to understand the whole context, so don’t be afraid to translate when needed. 

The best manga are ones that are interesting and keep you coming back and reading consistently. So at the end of the day, choose based on your preferences. This is also why we tried to vary the genres on this list. 

Where to Buy Japanese Manga

Of course, we’re talking about manga in its untranslated form. If you’re living overseas, the most popular manga are likely already translated into your native language—or at least English!

Don’t worry—the great news is that whether you’re in Japan or abroad, there are plenty of convenient ways to get your hands on manga. In general, if you live overseas, you can probably get manga through online stores like Amazon. 

Where to buy manga online 

  • Amazon Japan: Ships internationally for many titles. Some manga also provide a digital version, which you can download on Kindle!
  • CDJapan: Specializes in Japanese media, including manga.
  • BookWalker: Official digital manga store, great for ebooks.
  • Kinokuniya: International bookstore chain with an online shop.

Where to buy manga in Japan

If you’re in Japan, it’s the opposite: most manga are naturally in Japanese, giving you the perfect chance to practice the language. Local bookshops and major department stores usually have manga sections.

  • Book Off:  Popular secondhand bookstore chain.
  • Tsutaya: Large bookstore with a good manga selection.
  • Kinokuniya:  Found in major cities and airports.

Best Manga To Learn Japanese For Beginners

1.  Blue Box (アオのハコ)

blue box manga
  • Genre: Sports, Romance
  • JLPT Level: N5 – N4
  • Length: 20 volumes

Blue Box is a beloved romantic-comedy sports manga by Koji Miura, serialized in Weekly Shonen Jump since April 2021. Blue Box follows Taiki, a high school badminton player, who develops feelings for Chinatsu, a basketball star.

This manga is a blend of innocent romance and gripping sports genres, making a captivating read you can’t put down. The sports aspect of the manga is extremely inspiring and emotionally satisfying as you see the characters progress their skills and, of course, their relationships with each other. 

The Japanese texts are easy to understand and do not dive too deep into sports-related terms. So, it makes for a fun, action-packed story that you can fly through while picking up practical Japanese.

Buy Blue Box on Amazon.

2. Shirokuma Cafe (しろくまカフェ)

2. Shirokuma Cafe (しろくまカフェ)
  • Genre: Slice of Life, Comedy
  • JLPT Level: N4 & above
  • Length: 5

This light-hearted manga follows a lazy panda who befriends a polar bear running a cafe. Filled with puns and a delightful atmosphere of anthropomorphic animals, this quirky manga is an amazing introduction to how to use Japanese with more humor and figurative speech.

However, the puns do make references that some of us might not understand. So, keep your phone handy to look up certain words or puns that might fly over your head!

Buy Shirokuma Cafe Volume 1 on Amazon

3. Flying Witch (ふらいんぐうぃっち)

3. Flying Witch (ふらいんぐうぃっち)
  • Genre: Comedy, Supernatural, Slice of Life
  • JLPT Level: N4 – N3
  • Length: 14 volumes

This is a light-hearted, comedic, fantasy manga that follows the daily life of a witch who has just moved to rural Aomori Prefecture. This manga is essentially if Studio Ghibli’s Kiki’s Delivery Service meets more comedy. The Japanese language is pretty easy to read while still being quite fun, and will definitely make you giggle. 

There’s just one character who might be tricky to understand because of his strong dialect, but don’t worry, even the main character struggles with him! Luckily, another character usually “translates” his lines into standard Japanese, so we can follow along easily.

Buy Flying Witch Volume 1 on Amazon

4. Yotsuba&! (よつばと!)

4. Yotsuba&! (よつばと!)
  • Genre: Slice of life
  • JLPT Level: N5 – N4

We couldn’t possibly exclude Yotsuba&! on this list. It’s one of the most popular manga for Japanese learners. The manga follows a 5-year-old girl whose curiosity takes her on different adventures and has her asking about everything. Through the lens of this child, we are able to pick up new vocabulary along with her. 

There are a few things to keep in mind: the manga does sometimes have colloquial or even purposely incorrect grammar and words meant to be played for humor. A complete beginner might miss this or mistakenly believe everything written is correct. 

Another thing to consider is that since the story follows a young child in her daily life, it won’t have any crazy action, drama or deep plots. It’s a very simple, light-hearted story. This may or may not be your cup of tea.

Buy Yotsuba&! Volume 1 on Amazon

5. Coro Coro Comics (コロコロコミく)

5. Coro Coro Comics (コロコロコミく)
  • JLPT Level: N4 – N3
  • Length: Around 750 pages each, the magazine is ongoing

This is not really a manga series but rather a manga magazine releasing new issues monthly. It features stories from popular franchises such as Doraemon, Pokemon, and Detective Conan. This magazine is intended for children mostly below junior high, so the Japanese is at a much easier level. You can find a variety of fun stories from titles you recognize, and they can be great Japanese reading practice.

Buy Coro Coro Comics July 2025 Edition on Amazon

Best Manga To Learn Japanese For Intermediate

If you have a couple of years of Japanese learning experience and can read at around an N3 level, then you are probably ready for something a bit more challenging. The manga in this list still mostly have furigana but have more complex language and vocabulary.

6. Hajime no Ippo (はじめの一歩)

6. Hajime no Ippo (はじめの一歩)
  • Genre: Sports
  • JLPT Level: N3 & above
  • Length: 143 volumes

Hajime no Ippo is about a small high school boy who was often bullied — until he discovered boxing. Even if you’re not a sports fan, this manga (and anime) is incredibly inspiring, with a passion that’s truly contagious. Like Slam Dunk or Haikyu!!, Hajime no Ippo will make you see a sport you knew little about in a whole new light.

The manga is packed with sports and boxing terms, which can be helpful if you want to do combat sports in Japan. Overall, Japanese is not too complicated, and most of the kanji have furigana. It is still ongoing, and there is tons of material for Japanese practice.

Get Hajime no Ippo Volume 1

7.  One Piece (ワンピース)

7.  One Piece (ワンピース)
  • Genre: Adventure, Comedy, Action
  • JLPT Level: N3 & above
  • Length: 112 volumes

One Piece is a manga about the free-spirited Monkey D. Luffy with powers making him as elastic as rubber or ガムガム (gamu gamu). The series almost needs no introduction since anyone can recognize its unique and quirky art that immediately hooks you in. The series’ simple but character-driven plot allows for a story that connects you to everyone you meet and will keep you reading.

The One Piece anime is one of the longest-running anime ever, but the manga is shorter and reads much faster. You will keep getting new material to immerse yourself in, with the added benefit of practicing your Japanese. 

Get One Piece Volume 1

8. Detective Conan (名探偵コナン)

8. Detective Conan (名探偵コナン)
  • Genre: Crime, Detective, Mystery, Drama
  • JLPT Level: N3 & above
  • Length: 107 volumes

Detective Conan is one of the most popular anime and manga series in Japan, and for good reason. The crime cases are riveting. It follows a brilliant high school detective who’s mysteriously turned into a child. As he solves cases in his younger form, he must keep his true identity a secret while chasing the biggest mystery of all.

While manga has a lot of crime and detective-related vocabulary, there is plenty of useful Japanese to pick up for daily life. Even when cases get somewhat complicated, the visuals in the artwork provide enough context to understand what is being described. With the TV show being just as long, learning Japanese with the anime is also great for comprehension practice!

Get Detective Conan Volume 1 on Amazon

Best Manga To Learn Japanese For Advanced Learners

Get ready to jump into stories that don’t hold back in terms of language and kanji. The manga in this list are primarily written for an adult audience, so don’t expect much furigana and expect language that dives into more complex themes.

9. Akira (アキラ)

  • Genre: Sci-fi, Cyber-punk
  • Length: 6 volumes
  • JLPT Level: N2

If you have seen and loved the movie, you should check out the manga since it expands on the world and plot substantially more. Set in a post-apocalyptic, futuristic Tokyo called “Neo-Tokyo”, the story set in the Akira universe plays with motifs of identity, economic inequality, and corruption within the backdrop of cyberpunk aesthetics. Some would argue that Akira is one of the most influential pioneers of the cyberpunk genre!  

The story deals with heavy socio-economic, psychological, and philosophical themes, so expect rather high-level Japanese and mature topics. If you haven’t seen the movie, it’s all the more reason to read one of the most influential stories to have ever come from Japan.

Get Akira Volume 1 on Amazon

10.  Vagabond (バガボンド)

10.  Vagabond (バガボンド)

Genre: Period, Samurai, Martial arts

Length: 37 volumes

JLPT Level: N2 – N1

In a fictionalized story about the real-life sword master, Musashi Miyamoto, we are taken along a gifted swordman’s journey of growth and self-realization. The artwork is not only beautiful, drawing you in on every panel, but there is a poetic nature to each page and profound lessons we learn through the lens of our protagonist. 

The philosophy is just as intriguing as its action scenes since it doesn’t shy away from themes of life & death, morality, and humanity. With that being said, the Japanese will be more complex, using more figurative language and sometimes more archaic terms due to the period setting. This manga is a must-read if you’re an advanced Japanese learner who loves the samurai genre.

Get Vagabond Volume 1 on Amazon

Bonus Manga:  A History of Japan (コミック昭和史 Showa)

Bonus Manga:  A History of Japan (コミック昭和史 Showa)
  • Genre: Historical
  • Length: 8 volumes
  • JLPT Level: N2

This is one for the history buffs. This manga is an autobiography of the author’s experience living through the Showa period, which spans from 1936 to 1989. The author details the daily life of living through World War II, which he tries to show as normal and yet surreal. He highlights this surreal feeling by drawing the main characters in a very cartoonish style, which contrasts sharply with the hyper-realistic depictions of the environments, battleships, and everything related to the war.

This manga is considered by many as a masterpiece in historical literature. It doesn’t hold back in showing the raw emotions and moods of the Japanese during the war. It does dive into rather heavy themes of military power and its implications. The reading level is not extremely complex, but there will be a lot of military, strategy, and political terminology that might be difficult to read. If you want to learn a ton of history and Japanese, this manga should be on your reading list.

Showa: A History of Japan Volume 1

Closing Thoughts On Manga For Learning Japanese

At the end of the day, the best manga for you to learn Japanese is the one you’re the most interested in. Our list is just some of our top picks based on the language and how much we love these stories (in our humble opinion). However, we do recommend starting off at a reading level that matches your current abilities in Japanese. 

To get more practice and perhaps reach the level needed to read your favorite manga, take a look at our Coto Academy’s courses. We offer part-time or intensive Japanese lessons!

Want to study Japanese with us?

FAQ

Can you learn Japanese with manga?

Yes, it is possible to learn Japanese with manga. It is normal to feel overwhelmed with the Japanese and to not know all of the language even if you’ve been studying for a while. With manga you can use the artwork to better understand the context of the text, which can actually help you ingrain new terminologies.

Which manga is best for learning Japanese as a complete beginner?

Manga that are written or geared towards children are best for total beginners to learn Japanese. For example, Yotsuba&!, Ao no Hako, Shirokuma Cafe, Flying Witch, and Coro Coro Manga magazine are great for beginners to pick up due to the simpler dialogue.

What level of Japanese would be needed to read most manga?

The level of Japanese would depend on the manga since some have more layered plots and complex themes. However, to read some of the most popular manga, such as One Piece, Naruto, or Bleach, being able to read and comprehend at an N3 level is most recommended to actually understand the story without looking up every other word.

Does Manga have a lot of kanji? Do they have furigana?

Many popular manga like One Piece are shonen, aimed at younger readers, so they include furigana: small hiragana that show how to read the kanji. In contrast, seinen manga for adults usually have little or no furigana, making them harder to read.

 

If you’re one of the lucky few in Japan whose job doesn’t require Japanese, you might manage just fine day-to-day. But eventually, you’ll realize how important the language really is. At first glance, learning Japanese looks hard. It takes time, energy, and consistent effort. And when you’re already juggling the demands of a full-time job, finding that kind of time can feel nearly impossible. 

But don’t get discouraged! While you may feel a little lost on where to start, let this be the guide to get you started and achieve your goals of learning Japanese while managing a 9-to-5 job.

And who knows, maybe afterwards you can start preparing for the JLPT

Want to fast-track your career in Japan? Coto Academy’s 3-month Business Japanese Course is designed to help you master keigo (business Japanese) and improve professional communication skills. Gain the confidence to speak with colleagues and clients, navigate meetings like a native, and open up new career opportunities!

Main Challenges of Studying Japanese for Working Professionals 

Being a full-time employee can be hard enough without having to learn a language on top of that. For Japanese, known to be one of the hardest languages to learn, more time may be needed to give towards it, as well as energy. It may be hard to find time if there are other hobbies or family matters to attend to nightly. 

Another potential issue that could arise is the cost of learning Japanese. Most classes are priced per week and are overall not the cheapest to come by. This can make it harder for potential Japanese language learners, especially when the options are bountiful and times for classes may vary. Don’t let this discourage you before you even start, as there are many options out there for whatever your needs may be!

Can I study Japanese while working?

Yes, you can for sure study Japanese while working a full-time job in Japan, but you will need to be more flexible with your options. Studying as a working professional is different from being a full-time learner on a student visa, as your day isn’t entirely dedicated to learning the language.  While it may not be able to be the priority of your day, as long as you stay organized and have a plan, you can most definitely find time to work on your language learning! 

A majority of companies in Japan will want you to know some basic Japanese, even if you are working in a primarily English-speaking role, such as English teaching or recruitment. Sometimes, you need business-level Japanese prior to joining or as you work there. 

Check out: 11 Jobs Besides English Teaching in Japan with Low Japanese Requirements

How to Study Japanese While Working Full-time

1. Enroll in Part-Time Japanese Classes 

coto academy part-time course

You don’t need to be enrolled full-time to still get a good education. There are schools all over Japan made to help foreigners get adjusted to their life in Japan, focusing on more flexible, part-time courses on weekends or evenings. They are designed specifically for working professionals and expats, prioritizing practical Japanese language skills rather than theoretical elements such as kanji or the JLPT. 

For example, Coto Academy’s part-time courses are available for part-time on weekdays in the evening and Saturdays, which vary between 50 to 100 minutes. They offer classes on weeknights to minimize disruptions to your work schedule and are ideal for learning business Japanese or any level you may need. You’ll be able to learn from teachers in classrooms of up to 8 other students who are at the same level as you! 

If you’re curious for more information about Coto’s part-time courses, you can read here Coto Academy’s Part-time Classes in Tokyo and Yokohama

2. Get a Private Japanese Tutor   

If you’re looking for more one-on-one help or have an inconsistent schedule, a private tutor may be the path for you! The best part about being in Japan and trying to learn Japanese is that there are native speakers who are tutors all around you! You can find a tutor through online listings, schools like Coto Academy, or social media platforms like Facebook. Be sure to check more than 1 source, though, as prices can vary from teacher to teacher. 

Interested in getting a private tutor? Check out Coto’s page about Private Japanese Lessons to see if this may be the right fit for you!

3. Practice with Native Speakers 

Extroverts unite! Let’s put your knowledge to the test because practice truly makes progress!
While stepping into this stage might feel intimidating, especially if it’s your first time, think of it as a valuable opportunity to learn and improve. Perfection isn’t the goal. Consistent effort is what truly matters.

There are many effective ways to practice speaking with native Japanese speakers. For example, enrolling in in-person classes, such as those offered by Coto Academy, allows you to work one-on-one with experienced instructors who can guide you step-by-step through real conversations.

Additionally, many online volunteer groups offer language exchange sessions where you can practice Japanese with native speakers while helping them with your own language in return. These sessions are often held regularly and are easy to join, creating a friendly, low-pressure environment for mutual learning.

And finally, don’t be afraid to engage in real-life experiences. Everyday interactions, especially in customer service settings, can provide meaningful opportunities to practice. If a staff member isn’t too busy, approach them with a warm smile and ask if they’d be open to a quick conversation. It’s a great way to apply what you’ve learned in a natural setting!

Read More: Where to Find Language Exchange Events in Japan

4. Join Language Study Groups

This may seem like the hard part, but it doesn’t have to be! With apps like Facebook having groups with similar interests (like foreigners learning Japanese in Japan), you can join, or websites like Meetup available, there are more opportunities to meet and study than you may realize! Just knowing where to look and what you are looking for is a must. 

Read More: Where to Make Friends in Japan

5. Watch and Read Japanese Anime or Manga

Now with this one, there are many angles you can start from. Regardless of where you start, watch or listen to some type of Japanese media with Japanese subtitles. This can include beginner-friendly anime, manga, or even your favorite Japanese Netflix shows. 

 Alongside your normal learning, you’ll slowly start to be able to pick up on keywords, then phrases, and beyond! It will improve your listening, contextual awareness of language usage, and Kanji recognition. 

One of the most effective—and surprisingly fun—ways to start learning Japanese is by immersing yourself in children’s television shows. These programs are designed for young native speakers who are just beginning to understand the language themselves, making them perfect for beginners. Because they’re geared toward early learners, most shows use simple vocabulary and primarily feature hiragana, the first writing system you’ll want to master.

As you follow along, you’ll not only hear proper pronunciation but also start to see how hiragana is used in context. To reinforce your learning, consider visiting a public library and flipping through Japanese children’s books. They can be a great way to quiz yourself and build confidence in reading.

Don’t worry if it feels a bit silly—it’s actually a smart and proven way to build a strong foundation!

Once you’re more comfortable, try leveling up by reading manga. The combination of text and illustrations makes it easier to infer meaning, even when you come across unfamiliar words. From there, expand into Japanese dramas, variety shows, and news broadcasts to challenge yourself and continue improving.

If you’re curious to learn more about how children’s television can help you learn, or you’re just a fan of Peppa Pig, read How Peppa Pig Can Help You Learn Japanese

6. Take Business Japanese Courses

If you’re looking for something more specific that might help with your career, like wanting to learn more for business-related Japanese, then these classes may be the right fit for you!  Coto Academy has a 3-month business Japanese course happening at our Iidabashi school that has classes every Saturday, which is perfect for people who have to work full time. 

If this is something you may be interested in, check out Coto Academy’s Business Japanese Course.  

7. Self-study with a Japanese Learning App

Out of all the options, downloading a Japanese learning app might be the most convenient way to squeeze in study time during a busy schedule. You can open the app during your morning commute on the train, lunch break, or any spare moment throughout the day. 

Apps like Anki (for flashcards), Duolingo (for gamified learning), Bunpo (for grammar), and WaniKani (for kanji) are great for quick, focused practice sessions. While they can’t fully replace structured classes, they’re a powerful supplement to help you review, memorize, and stay engaged with the language on a daily basis.

Read our review on:

8. Consider Taking Online Courses

You might be working in Tokyo, but time is still the one thing you don’t have enough of. Commuting to in-person classes can eat up precious hours, yet you want to study Japanese consistently,  not just through self-study. What’s the best option?

For a more structured approach without the commute, online lessons are an excellent choice. Many language schools — including Coto Academy — offer live, interactive online classes, allowing you to learn from the comfort of your home or office. This way, you get the benefits of a guided class with a real instructor. Online classes can also be a more affordable option!

Check out Coto Academy Online and create a free account! 

Tips to Learn Japanese While Working in Japan

1. Set S.M.A.R.T. Goals 

Setting clear and specific goals before you begin learning will help you feel less stressed. Through goal setting, both for your job and for learning, you’ll be better able to plan ahead of time for work. Students are often told to set S.M.A.R.T. goals: specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound goals. Making this clear from the beginning can help you to see what is most important in your journey to learning and perhaps what steps might be redundant or useless.   

2. Create Structured Study Plans

No two people study the same. Knowing how you best learn may take some time to understand, but will help you for miles down the road. There are many resources on the internet to help you prepare for learning, including worksheets or online tutorials, but don’t just do it to do it. Do it because you know it will help! Here are just some questions to go through when finding your optimal study plan:

  • Do you work better alone, with another person, or in a group?
  •  What setting helps you get into the mood for studying? Does staying home to study potentially set you up to get distracted with other tasks? 
  • Do you memorize better by writing notes or typing them? 
  • How much time do you want to put into it? How will you structure breaks? 
  • What other material (like flash cards of hiragana) may help you? 
  • When are your least busiest days? 
  • Do you need silence to study? Or do you like background music?
  • Would it be easier to learn from textbooks, online videos, or a teacher?  

3. Dive Into the Culture  

Above all, keep your head up and look around. See what cuisine is around you, the words, how people are talking, and listen! Don’t stay stuck on Google Maps looking for recommendations for dinner, just walk around till you see something you may like. The more you go out to observe/listen, the more exposure you’re receiving. Maybe even try making some native speaker friends through sports games/clubs. Live in the moment and live within society! Listen to what others may be ordering, follow where the crowd is headed for lunch: we promise you won’t regret it! 

4. Utilize Free Learning Resources 

The internet is a beautiful place, so long as you know what you are looking for. You can find worksheets to print, online games to play that teach you Japanese, and other online resources to help deepen your understanding of Japanese. Mobile apps like Duolingo are also there to help you when you’re on the go, and for the most part, are free!  

If you need some help getting started looking for resources, check out The Ultimate Guide to Learning Japanese Online: Apps, courses, and Resources.   

Conclusion: Stay Persistent! 

Learning a new language takes time, and not one person will learn the same way as another person. Remember to not give up on yourself, keep your head up, rehearse with others, and cut time out of your day to work on it.

If you want to join part-time Japanese lessons, consider Coto Academy!  Coto Academy offers flexible short-term or long-term Japanese courses tailored for working professionals. Come meet some of the other students and get ready to speak Japanese together! 

Want to study Japanese with us?

FAQ

How much Japanese should I learn before coming to Japan?

When it comes to learning Japanese, at the very least, formal greetings, saying “thank you”, “excuse me”, and asking where the bathroom is are seen as most important. The more you know, the better!

What kind of jobs can foreigners get in Japan?

When it comes to finding a job in Japan, your Japanese proficiency will dictate what industries you can or cannot enter. One of the most common jobs for foreigners is English teachers, or Assistant Language Teachers (ALTs for short), which often just require a specific certification prior to applying. With Japan’s boom in technology and AI, IT, tech, and engineering jobs are more in demand than ever.

How much Japanese should I know to get a job in Japan?

Most jobs are going to ask that their employees be at level N2 or N1, although there are some jobs that do not require a high level of Japanese skill.

Is English common in Japan?

In Tokyo, English is fairly common. Especially when it comes to traveling on the subway or when ordering food electronically. But the further you go out from the city, the less English you will see.

What is the JLPT?

The Japanese Language Proficiency Test measures the test taker’s proficiency in Japanese vocabulary and grammar.

Can I learn Japanese while working full-time?

Yes, you can learn Japanese while working full-time. Use your commute and breaks to study with apps, take evening or weekend classes, and practice daily conversation. Consistent small efforts each day make a big difference.

How do I learn Japanese while working full-time?

You can study at part-time Japanese classes like Coto Academy, take online lessons, or self-study. Use your commute and breaks to study with apps like Anki or Duolingo, take evening or weekend classes, and practice speaking in daily life. Study a little every day. Consistency is key.

Want to work in Japan? Check out our work-related series:

Knowing how to write a proper Japanese business email is an important skill when working for a Japanese company. In Japanese business culture, email serves as a medium that reflects professionalism and respect for hierarchy. It mirrors the careful etiquette and structure you’d find in face-to-face meetings.

Historically, building business relationships in Japan has relied heavily on face-to-face interactions, often involving formal client visits. However, in recent years, digital communication has become the norm. Even if you are working for an international company, it is always good to write a well-crafted business email allows you to establish and maintain professional relationships with Japanese clients. reading our guide on how to write a formal business email!

Want to fast-track your career in Japan? Coto Academy’s 3-month Business Japanese Course is designed to help you master keigo (business Japanese) and improve professional communication skills. Gain the confidence to speak with colleagues and clients, navigate meetings like a native, and open up new career opportunities!

Japanese vs English Business Email

Surprisingly, Japanese business emails are quite different from English emails, and often more complex, even if both are technically used in a professional setting. Even many Japanese people find it challenging to draft a proper email!

Japanese emails tend to be highly formal, emphasizing politeness. They often begin with seasonal greetings or expressions of gratitude such as “いつもお世話になっております (itsu mo osewa ni natte orimasu),” and may include a self-introduction even after initial contact.

The main message is usually indirect and carefully worded to maintain harmony, and the closing remarks are elaborate, often including apologies or humble requests like “何卒よろしくお願い申し上げます.” In contrast, English business emails are more direct and concise, typically beginning with a simple greeting like “I hope you’re well” and getting to the point quickly. There is less emphasis on hierarchy and formality, and requests are often straightforward (e.g., “Please confirm”).

These differences reflect broader cultural values: Japanese communication prioritizes relationship-building and group harmony, while English communication values clarity, efficiency, and individual accountability.

Let’s take a look at how to make a request politely in a Japanese business email.

Japanese PhraseEnglish EquivalentNotes
ご確認いただけますでしょうか?
Gokakunin itadakemasu deshouka?
Could you please confirm?Very polite and common in business emails.
ご確認のほどよろしくお願いいたします。
Gokakunin no hodo yoroshiku onegai itashimasu.
I would appreciate your confirmation.Polite and humble, often used to close a request.

A Good Japanese Email Structure

Japanese email structure follows the same structure as an English email; the main difference lies in how you word it.

A Japanese email consists of 7 parts.

SectionJapanese (Kanji)Hiragana ReadingRomajiMeaning / Purpose
Receiver宛名あてなAtenaThe recipient’s name and title
Greetings挨拶あいさつAisatsuOpening greeting and polite expressions
Addressing Yourself名乗りなのりNanoriIntroducing yourself (name, company, etc.)
Main Body Context要旨ようしYoushiSummary or purpose of the email
Details詳細しょうさいShousaiDetailed explanation or supporting info
Closing Remarks結びの言葉むすびのことばMusubinokotobaPolite closing remarks and expressions
Name & Signature署名しょめいShomeiYour name, title, and contact information

How to Write Business Emails in Japanese

Japanese business emails have a ceremonial element to them, and because of that, there is more of a templated formal structure than the freeform letters we are used to in a Western context.

1. Subject Line

Like in Western practice, the subject line in a Japanese business email should clearly communicate the purpose of the message. It needs to be specific and informative enough that the recipient can understand the general context without even opening the email.

Example:
【○○株式会社】6月20日打ち合わせのご確認
【○○Kabushikigaisha】Rokugatsu hatsuka uchiawase no gokakunin
[XYZ Corporation] Confirmation of Meeting on June 20

2. Opening

The first thing to remember when it comes to writing a Japanese business email is the use of the word 様 (sama), one of the many Japanese honorifics. This is an important and polite suffix/honorific that is standard procedure for Japanese business emails. Other than that, always remember to express gratitude when you start your email.

You can use phrases such as「お世話になっております」which means “We become indebted to you” literally.

After you open your email, you would need to introduce yourself. Introduce yourself by stating your full name and your current company you are working for with your current position.

If this is your first time meeting the person and you are doing a follow-up with the person, you may use this phrase「ABC株式会社のアダムと申します」which means “this is Adam from ABC Corporation”. If this is not your first time meeting the person, you should use this phrase instead「ABC株式会社のアダムでございます」which also means “this Adam from ABC Corporation”.

Example:

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
山田様
いつもお世話になっております。
ABC株式会社の田中と申します。
Yamada-sama,
Itsu mo osewa ni natte orimasu.
ABC kabushikigaisha no Tanaka to moushimasu.
Mr./Ms. Yamada,
Thank you for your support.
This is Tanaka from ABC Company.

Besides that, depending on the context, you may also want to include additional phrases, such as apologizing for a late reply, thanking the recipient for a quick response, or offering a polite apology for sending a sudden email.

Japanese RomajiEnglish
早速のお返事ありがとうございました。Sassoku no ohenji arigatou gozaimashita.Thank you for the quick reply
お返事が遅れて、失礼いたしました。Ohenji ga okurete, shitsurei itashimashita.Sorry for the late reply
突然のメール、失礼いたします。Totsuzen no meeru, shitsurei itashimasu.Sorry for the sudden email
お忙しいところ大変申し訳ございませんが、〜Oisogashii tokoro taihen mōshiwake gozaimasen ga, ~Sorry to interrupt while you are busy, but…

Though not common, you can also use a very formal way of saying “How are you doing?”: お元気でいらっしゃいますか。

3. Email Body

The email body is where you clearly and politely state the main purpose of your message. It usually starts with a brief summary or context, followed by the details or requests. Use polite and humble language, and avoid sounding too direct or demanding.

An important tip when writing Japanese emails is that each sentence typically starts on a new line. This is different from English, where sentences are grouped together into paragraphs.

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
先日の会議でご提案いただいた件について、追加で確認させていただきたい点がございます。
お手数をおかけいたしますが、ご確認のほどよろしくお願いいたします。
Senjitsu no kaigi de go-teian itadaita ken ni tsuite, tsuika de kakunin sasete itadakitai ten ga gozaimasu. Otesuu o okake itashimasu ga, go-kakunin no hodo yoroshiku onegai itashimasu.Regarding the matter you proposed in the previous meeting, there are some additional points I would like to confirm. I apologize for the inconvenience, but I would appreciate your confirmation.

4. Conclusion and Closing

The closing phrases in a Japanese email should match the tone and content of your message while showing proper politeness and respect. Here are some effective closing phrases you can use:

Japanese PhraseRomajiEnglish Meaning
何卒よろしくお願い申し上げます。Nanitozo yoroshiku onegai moushiagemasu.I humbly ask for your kind cooperation.
引き続きよろしくお願いいたします。Hikitsuzuki yoroshiku onegai itashimasu.Thank you for your continued support.
ご検討のほどよろしくお願いいたします。Go kentou no hodo yoroshiku onegai itashimasu.I appreciate your kind consideration.
お忙しいところ恐れ入りますが、よろしくお願いいたします。Oisogashii tokoro osore irimasu ga, yoroshiku onegai itashimasu.Sorry to trouble you when busy, but thank you in advance.
失礼いたします。Shitsurei itashimasu.Excuse me (used to close politely).

Tip: While ご返信お待ちしております (Gohenjin omachi shite orimasu), meaning “I look forward to your reply” is very polite, it can sometimes feel like you are putting pressure on the recipient to respond quickly. Because of this nuance, it’s often better to use more neutral closing phrases in formal Japanese business emails.

Using Keigo in Japanese Business Emails

Depending on the type of relationship of business relationship you are writing to, there are 2 types of language forms.

The first form is 尊敬語 (Sonkeigo), which is the honorific language. This form conveys courtesy and respect for the person you are writing to. This form can be used not only to your listeners but also to a third person as well. The only difference is from the polite form. Keep in mind that this form is usually too formal, and instead, the humble form is used more often.

As for the second form, it would be 謙譲語 (kenjougo), which means humble form. This form is used when you want to show your respect to the person you are writing to for your actions by humbling yourself.

This step is very important as you would need to show your respect to the recipient. Thus, you would need to be very careful about which language forms to use.

If the two parties already have a close relationship, they can both leave some parts out. However, a word of caution that this would make the email less formal and more casual.

Vocabulary Business Japanese Vocabulary

Here is some vocabulary for you to help you in writing your own Japanese business email!

Dear: 拝啓・はいけい・Haikei
Subject: 件名・けんめい・Kenmei
Sender: 差出人・さしだしにん・Sashidashinin
Address: 宛先・あてさき・Atesaki
Urgent: 至急・きゅう・Shikyuu
Notice: 通知・つうち・Tsuuchi
To whom it may concern:  ご担当者様・ごたんとうしゃさま・Gotantoushasama
Best Wishes: 敬具・けいぐ・Keigu
Signature: 署名・しょめい・Shomei

Tips for Writing Japanese Business Email

  • Japanese business emails are usually more structured as compared to those from Western countries.
  • It is important to leave a line between each new topic.
  • When you are sending the same email to multiple people in the company, please make sure that you rank the names in accordance with their rank in the company

Business Japanese Email Template

Now that you have learned about Japanese emails, let’s look at a few examples!

1. Email templates for following up

You’ve sent important documents or materials to a client or colleague and haven’t received a response. It’s common practice in Japan to send a polite follow-up email. Below is a professional template you can use to follow up and kindly ask for confirmation regarding the materials you sent.

Japanese:

件名:資料ご確認のお願い(ABC株式会社・田中)

株式会社DEF
営業部 山田様

いつもお世話になっております。
ABC株式会社の田中と申します。

先日お送りいたしました資料について、ご確認いただけましたでしょうか。
お忙しいところ恐縮ではございますが、内容に問題がないかご確認いただけますと幸いです。

ご不明な点やご質問等ございましたら、どうぞお気軽にご連絡ください。
何卒よろしくお願いいたします。

失礼いたします。

ABC株式会社
田中太郎
tanaka@abc.co.jp
03-1234-5678

English:

Subject: Request for Material Confirmation (ABC Corp. – Tanaka)

Mr./Ms. Yamada, Sales Department, DEF Corporation

Thank you, as always, for your continued support.
My name is Tanaka from ABC Corporation.

I’m following up regarding the materials I sent the other day.
I apologize for troubling you while you’re busy, but I would be grateful if you could kindly confirm there are no issues with the content.

If you have any questions or need further clarification, please don’t hesitate to contact me.
Thank you very much in advance for your cooperation.

Sincerely,

Taro Tanaka
ABC Corporation
tanaka@abc.co.jp
03-1234-5678

2. Email templates for apologizing

Here’s a simple template you can use to apologize for the delay and resend your documents professionally.

Japanese:

件名:資料送付のご連絡とお詫び(ABC株式会社・田中)

株式会社DEF
営業部 山田様

いつもお世話になっております。
ABC株式会社の田中と申します。

資料の送付が遅くなり、誠に申し訳ございませんでした。
本日、改めて資料を添付させていただきますので、ご確認いただけますと幸いです。

お忙しいところ恐れ入りますが、ご確認のほどよろしくお願いいたします。
ご不明な点がございましたら、どうぞお気軽にご連絡ください。

何卒よろしくお願い申し上げます。

失礼いたします。

ABC株式会社
田中太郎
tanaka@abc.co.jp
03-1234-5678

English:

Subject: Apology and Notice of Material Submission (ABC Corp. – Tanaka)

Mr./Ms. Yamada, Sales Department, DEF Corporation

Thank you, as always, for your continued support.
My name is Tanaka from ABC Corporation.

I sincerely apologize for the delay in sending the materials.
I am resending the materials today and would appreciate it if you could kindly review them.

I apologize for troubling you while you are busy, but I would be grateful for your confirmation.
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me.

Thank you very much for your kind cooperation.

Sincerely,

Taro Tanaka
ABC Corporation
tanaka@abc.co.jp
03-1234-5678

Level up your professional Japanese with the Coto Academy Business Japanese Course!

Looking to advance your career or find a new job in Japan? Coto Academy offers Business Japanese and advanced-level courses tailored for working professionals, as well as classes for intermediate to advanced learners looking to build confidence in professional communication. Fill out the form below, and our friendly team will get in touch with you shortly!

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Want to land a job in Japan? Don’t forget to read our guide on:

FAQ

What are the key features of a Japanese business email?

Japanese business emails are typically formal and polite. They use honorific language (keigo), clear structure, and often start with seasonal greetings or expressions of gratitude. Proper etiquette and humility are important to maintain respect.

How long should a Japanese business email be?

Keep it concise but polite. Avoid overly long emails; focus on clarity and respect.

How do I address a Japanese business person in an email?

Address the recipient with their family name + 様 (sama), which is a very polite honorific.

You’ve decided to take on JLPT N5, but looking for the right Japanese N5 textbook can feel more overwhelming than actually studying the language.

So, read this guide to find out the top 20 N5 textbooks for beginners to ace the JLPT with flying colors — or to start your studies on the right foot. When you’re ready to jump to the next level, we have also JLPT N3 textbook and JLPT N4 textbook recommendations!

Should I take the JLPT N5 Exam?

If you plan on studying Japanese for a long time, signing up for the JLPT N5 helps you create a concrete goal to reach. Even though it will only cover the very basics, it’s the perfect way for beginners to stay motivated. JLPT N5 requires you to master at least 800 Japanese vocabulary words and 100 kanji, so you can also assess your ability and level appropriately.

Even if you’re not taking the JLPT N5, these textbooks are great for learners to soak in all the important beginner-level Japanese language components: hiragana, katakana, key vocabulary, and basic kanji. But what’s the best one you can find online?

Don’t know where to start with the JLPT? Check out our full guide on how to study for the JLPT!

What Will I Need To Pass the JLPT N5?

In order to pass the JLPT N5, you will need to know hiragana, katakana, kanji (around 100 characters), and master some essential grammar. You will also need to understand basic conversation in Japanese since there is a listening section. So, the best textbooks often prepare you specifically for the JLPT N5 or focus on one of the key areas, such as vocabulary, fundamental grammar, etc. There are a variety of options out there, but here are our top 20 picks!

Read More: Top 100 JLPT N5 Vocabulary List

Top JLPT N5 Textbooks

1. Nihongo Fun and Easy

Nihongo Fun & Easy Textbooks

Nihongo Fun and Easy is Coto’s self-developed study book. This book is designed to help students who are new to Japanese, including those with no prior knowledge of the language, to acquire natural-sounding, essential Japanese that can be used immediately in daily conversation. It’s a great option for beginners who want to study on their own. All practice and examples come with full English translation. You don’t have to worry about knowing hiragana and katakana first, too. The textbook comes with romaji, and you will learn the alphabet along the way.

The book includes lessons on simple Japanese words and a list of verbs and adjective conjugations. You’ll also receive an audio CD for learning dialogues in both Japanese and English. The book comes with an audio CD for learning conversational dialogues in both Japanese and English.

The book currently has two volumes:

  • Nihongo Fun & Easy: Survival Japanese Conversation for Beginners
  • Nihongo Fun & Easy 2: Basic Grammar for Conversation for Beginners

Price: $24 (¥2,782)

Click on this link to purchase the book.

Many of our courses use this textbook as well. Feel free to contact us about our JLPT Courses and more!

2. Genki

Genki is one of the most used Japanese language textbook series for beginners. Lesson chapters don’t focus on the JLPT itself but on everyday real-life situations and dialogues. For example, in the first lesson, they first teach you about conversations that can happen during the day, combined with clear and concise explanations about grammar and vocabulary.

Keep in mind that Genki is a textbook that was specifically designed for classroom teaching, so it may not be perfect for self-learners.

Price: $39.90 (¥4,601)

Click this link to purchase the book.

3. Minna No Nihongo

Minna no Nihongo is another popular classroom textbook. Lesson chapters include Japanese grammar, vocabulary, listening, and speaking skills. The text in the book is also fully in Japanese, so you will have to know hiragana and katakana in advance.

Price: $28.80 (¥3,920)

Click this link to purchase the book.

4. Nihongo So-Matome N5

The Nihongo So-Matome N5 is an all-inclusive textbook. The book features 42 daily Japanese lessons that are categorized as kanji, vocabulary, grammar, and reading. It’s designed as a 6-week self-study aid. You’ll find common grammar points, guides on syntax and a list of kanji and vocabulary commonly found in the JLPT N5 exam. The textbook also includes a reading and listening practice with a pre-recorded audio CD.

Some popular topics covered in the textbook are

  • What’s your name?
  • What are you doing?
  • Hands and feet

Price: $21.99 (¥2,535)

Click this link to purchase the book.

5. Goukaku Dekiru JLPT N4 & N5

Gokaku dekiru jlpt prep textbook image

While the Minna no Nihongo or Genki are N5-level, they’re not necessarily targeted to students who want to take the JLPT. For that, the Goukaku Dekiru JLPT book series is by far the most popular choice for test-takers. The textbook breaks down the JLPT into two parts. Part one focuses on all grammar and vocabulary, with 863 questions to help you tackle the language knowledge section. Part two is a collection of mock tests in the official format of JLPT.

The book includes two CDs for the listening section and an answer book.

Price: $29.89 (¥3,446)

Click this link to purchase the book.

6. 55 Reading Comprehension Tests for JLPT N5

The textbook includes 55 different N5-related Japanese readings with over a hundred questions. You will learn to analyze passages by understanding how to break down sentences into simple words to better comprehend them sentences. Questions in the book are modeled to represent the actual JLPT exam.

Price: $24.99 (¥2,881)

Click this link to purchase the book.

7. JLPT N5 Kanji, Vocabulary & Grammar Chokuzen-Taisaku

JLPT N5 Kanji, Vocabulary & Grammar Chokuzen Taisaku is a workbook perfect for anyone who is looking to take mock tests for the JLPT N5 exam, focusing on vocabulary, kanji, and grammar questions. Included is also an appendix section that contains important verbs, adverbs, and adjectives related to the N5.

Price: $17.73 (¥2,044)

Click this link to purchase the book.

8. 1000 Essential Vocabulary for the JLPT N5

1000 Essential Vocabulary JLPT N5 Text book

To pass the JLPT N5, you will need to know 800 vocabulary, so learning 1,000 is a safe bet that you’ll ace the test. The textbook is broken down into 10 different chapters. Vocabularies are sorted based on their function and related contexts, like friends, food, hobbies, shopping, living, and health. This allows for better word retention.

There’s also a link to audio files for learners who want to hear the words and example sentences. Because of the small size of the vocabulary book, many learners will conveniently carry it around. There’s a red sheet to block the Japanese word (for a quick mini-quiz) and a checkbox for you to tick.

Price: $14.99 (¥1,728)

Click this link to purchase.

9. The Preparatory Course for the JLPT N5 Reading, Kanji, Vocabulary, and Grammar

Image for the textbook: preparatory course for the jlpt n5

This textbook is a study guide for the JLPT N5. Chapters of the book include all material related to N5 kanji, grammar, forms of speech, and model sentences with simple explanations, making it easy to study on your own. There are multiple practice problems that allow you to check your comprehension level as well.

Price: $25.80 (¥2,974)

Click this link to purchase.

10. Tanki Master JLPT N5

With an audio CD, the Tanki Master JLPT N5 has five different categories of Japanese Learning: Japanese characters, vocabulary, grammar, listening, and reading. The contents cover questions for every section of the test. The book is especially effective when used to help you review. It’s separated into two parts: practice questions and practice tests for mockups,s for learners to see how they did.

Price: $20.00 (¥2,304)

Click this link below to purchase.

11. Nihongo Challenge for JLPT N4 & N5 Kanji

Nihongo Challenge N4 - N5 textbook

Each chapter in the Nihongo Challenge series teaches about 10 new kanji, complete with their stroke orders and free blank spaces to practice writing them. What is unique about this textbook is that each kanji has its own illustration and explanation.

Price: $19.00 (¥2,189)

Click this link to purchase the book.

12. Mastering Kanji: Guide to JLPT N5 Kanji

Mastering Kanji N5

All kanji is thoughtfully introduced with a number of illustrations, which makes your learning more interesting and effective, too. At the end of every chapter, there will be review questions to assess your progress. You can also check your level in a separate “achievement”.  

Price: $25.00 (¥2,881)

Click this link to purchase the book.

13. JLPT Official Practice Workbook

JLPT Official Practice Workbook

Once you’re confident that you’ve learned everything needed for the test, you can start doing mock tests through the official JLPT practice workbook.

Acting as a revision guide, the workbook is perfect if you wish to practice before the actual exam. There’s an audio CD for the listening section. The workbook has over 33 vocabulary and kanji sections, as well as 26 grammar and 6 reading questions.

Price: $14.00 (¥1,613)

Click the link below to purchase the book.

14. Basic Kanji Book

image of the Basic Kanji Book

As one of the classic books for learning kanji, Basic Kanji Book Vol. 1 & Vol. 2 gives 500 fundamental kanji. You will learn to memorize kanji and write them according to their correct stroke order. Each unit has simple practice exercises to practice writing the kanji.

Price: $29.00 (¥3,344)

Click this link to purchase the book.

15. Try! Japanese Language Proficiency Test N5

Image of the Try! Japanese Language Proficiency Test textbook

As part of the Try! series, the N5 volume covers nine different chapters of everyday life conversations. The Try! series is specifically designed to help students focus on Japanese grammar. In total, there are nine chapters, each equipped with practice questions and a final review.

Price: $24.50 (¥2,825)

Click the link below to purchase the book.

16. Drill and Drill JLPT N5 Kanji, Grammar, Vocabulary, Reading and Listening

Image for Drill And Drill JLPT N5 textbook

The Drill and Drill JLPT N5 has over 250 questions on vocabulary, grammar, reading, and listening. Answers to the questions are provided in a separate booklet at the back of the book. The booklet contains detailed explanations of each question as well as example sentences and tips to answer each question. You can also find an audio CD for the listening section of the test.

Price: $28.00 (¥3,229)

Click this link to purchase the book.

17. JLPT Preparation Book Speed Master – Quick Mastery of N4 & N5 Vocabulary

JLPT vocabulary speed master

This is a book that combines N5 and N4 vocabularies. There are 1,800 words in total, separated into 50 units based on their relevant topics. Readings of the words are shown in both kanji and hiragana and have translations in English and Chinese. Every new word learned has a checkbox that makes it easy to continue where you left off.

Price: $19.99 (¥2,305)

Click this link to purchase the book.

18. JLPT Study Guide

Created by a popular JLPT mockup test website, JLPTBootCamp.com, the book has over 300 practice test questions with printable flashcards for vocabulary, hiragana, katakana, and kanji.

Price: $25.00 (¥2,883)

Click this link to purchase the book.

19. Yookoso! Invitation to Contemporary Japanese Student

Textbook called Yookoso! a contemporary Japanese introduction

This book serves as a two-volume series for basic Japanese. It’s known to be the first to integrate all the Japanese language technical skills. The book is comprehensive but simple to follow. Although it’s more on the expensive side, there are a lot of example sentences and detailed explanations to help break down complex sentences into simpler words and phrases.

Price: $146.01 (¥17,692.15) 

Click this link to purchase the book.

20. Japanese Kanji Mnemonics JLPT N5

JLPT Kanji mnemonics N5 textbook

Centered to help readers pass the exam, the book focuses on the 103 most common Kanji found on the N5 level test. The book is mostly used as flashcards as readers will be able to find the kanji mnemonic on the front page and the kanji information on the back of the page. Each mnemonic has its own drawing as well as a sentence example and explanations for better memorization.

Price: $16.91 (¥1,937)

Click this link to purchase the book.

What’s Next After Finding The Best JLPT N5 Textbook

Once you have found the best JLPT Textbook, use you will need to it to help strategize how to pass the JLPT N5. It’s a pretty long test and your chosen textbook(s) should cover every area from reading to listening in Japanese.

While finding JLPT learning resources is great for self-learning, we also recommend finding the right support from a professional instructor. We offer both JLPT self-study courses as well as online or in-person JLPT Courses taught by an experienced teacher who can help you dissect the N5 exam and be fully equipped to pass!

Want to learn JLPT N5?

FAQ

How many words and kanji do you need for JLPT N5?

You will need to know about 100 kanji and about 800 vocabulary words.

How long does it take to pass the JLPT N5?

It should take roughly 100 – 200 class hours, depending on how you study and what resources you use.

How can you prepare for the JLPT N5?

Both the JLPT N5 and N4 levels have been designed to test classroom Japanese. The best way to prepare is to take an introductory or beginner course in Japanese. We also recommend you buy N5 textbooks and workbooks and work through them on your own to better prepare yourself.

When I register for the JLPT N5?

The JLPT is held twice a year, usually in July and December. If you’re outside Japan, the test may be held only once a year, in July or December. Registration is usually open until mid-March (for July) and mid-August (for December)

How can JLPT N5 help you in Japan?

It does not help you that much.

Passing the different levels of the JLPT can provide you with great opportunities to work in Japan. However, simply passing the N5 is not enough to help you since the N5 is just a test of basic knowledge of the Japanese language. You would require at least a JLPT N3 certificate if you want to work comfortably in Japan. If you are planning to take the JLPT, we would recommend that you go through all 5 levels until you feel comfortable having conversations in Japanese fluently.

Shhould I take JLPT lessons?

Taking JLPT lessons can significantly boost your chances of success by providing structured learning with experienced Japanese teachers. With Coto Academy, you’ll benefit from expert instruction, flexible schedules, and a proven track record of helping students pass levels N5 to N1.

Check out our guides for other JLPT levels as well:

Planning to take the JLPT N5? Although it is technically the lowest level a foreigner can take, the N5 can be a great milestone for those who want to see if they have made real progress. Understandably, the thought of taking the JLPT is stressful, with so many things to learn and consider. So, where do you start?

Good news is you are in the right place! In this guide, we will cover everything you need to know about the JLPT N5 exam (test contents, length, scoring methods), how to register, how to prepare, what happens on test day, and some resources and lessons we offer at Coto Academy to help you through your studies.

Want to take your JLPT preparation to the next level? We have in-person and online JLPT courses taught by our experienced Japanese instructors to help you ace your next JLPT exam!

What is the JLPT?

JLPT stands for Japanese Language Proficiency Test, also known as 日本語能力試験. As the name suggests, the exam measures and certifies the Japanese proficiency of non-native Japanese speakers and is used by universities and employees inside and outside Japan. It is normally carried out twice a year in Japan and is also available in certain other countries. JLPT Exams are often taken by Japanese learners planning a future in Japan!

Check out our guides for other JLPT levels as well:

What are the different levels of the JLPT?

The JLPT is divided into 5 different levels: N1, N2, N3, N4, and N5, with N1 being the most advanced level and N5 being the most basic.

  • The N4 and N5 tests you on basic Japanese that you can often learn in a classroom environment
  • The N3 acts as a bridge between N4/N5 and N2/N1
  • The N2 and N1 tests you on a wider spectrum of Japanese knowledge used in various situations in everyday life

Who should take the JLPT N5?

While JLPT is the most widely recognized standardized Japanese test, the JLPT N5 is often not enough to help you find employment. Still, the exam can be a viable first goal for beginner Japanese learners. You can set it as a short-term target. By taking the N5 Exam, you may be able to discover your strengths and weaknesses and pursue your studies more efficiently thereafter.

Addiionally, JLPT N5 has recently become more necessary when applying for certain types of student visas. In some cases, it is actually required that you have a JLPT N5 certificate before you can study in Japan!

If you’re seeking employment in Japan, holding JLPT N2 or, even better, JLPT N1 certification will give you a major advantage. Employers often grant preferential treatment to candidates who have passed N2 or N1, and N1 holders in particular can unlock the best opportunities.

What does the JLPT N5 test?

Generally, the JLPT N5 tests you on the understanding of some core basics of Japanese, including your ability to read and comprehend elementary expressions and sentences expressed in hiragana, katakana, and some kanji. You also need to be able to listen and comprehend typical, slow-spoken conversations abundant in everyday life and in classroom environments.

What are the different sections of N5 Exam?

The JLPT N5 Exam consists of three main sections. Each of the three sections tests you on different aspects of the Japanese language.

SectionQuestion types
1. Language Knowledge (Vocabulary)– Kanji reading
– Orthography
– Contextually-defined expressions
– Paraphrases
2. Language Knowledge (Grammar) and Reading– Sentential grammar 1 (selecting grammar form)
– Sentential grammar 2 (sentence composition)
– Text grammar
– Comprehension (short passages)
– Comprehension (mid-length passages)
3. Listening– Task-based comprehension
– Comprehension of key points
– Verbal expressions
– Quick response

What is covered in the JLPT N5 Exam?

For all of the above three sections, you must master approximately 800 vocabulary words and 100 kanji. The 800 vocabulary words covered in the N5 Exam will correspond to the most commonly used words in the Japanese language. The 100 kanji will cover those that are naturally used in simple daily conversations, such as those related to numbers, time and days of the week, family members, and basic verbs.

Furthermore, you must be familiar with typical grammar points such as basic particle usage (は、が、を) and basic formal and casual conjugations of verbs and adjectives for past and present tenses. Before taking the test, you should be comfortable with reading and writing short, simple sentences.

Because the JLPT Exam does not test on speaking, learners who are not comfortable speaking in Japanese can theoretically still pass, as long as they have mastered the vocabulary, kanji, and grammar covered on the N5 Exam. (However, Japanese conversational abilities would make life much easier if you are seriously considering a future in Japan.)

If you are living in Japan already and want to improve your Japanese speaking, there are a variety of fun ways to practice Japanese and get out of your shell!

How long is the N5 Exam?

You are given different amounts of time for each of the three test sections.

SectionTime
Language Knowledge (Vocabulary)20 minutes
Language Knowledge (Grammar) and Reading40 minutes
Listening30 minutes
Total Time90 minutes

In total, you are given 90 minutes to complete the JLPT N5 Exam.

What is the scoring for the JLPT N5 like?

Although the N5 Exam contains three sections, the scoring is divided into two.

SectionRange of Scores
Language Knowledge (Vocabulary/Grammar) and Reading0 – 120
Listening0 – 60
Overall Score0 – 180

Your overall score can range from anywhere between 0 to 180.

For the N5 Exam, a passing score is anything above an overall score of 80 points. However, in addition to meeting the overall score of 80 points, you must also meet sectional pass marks of 38 points in the Language Knowledge (Vocabulary/Grammar) and Reading Section and 19 points in the Listening Section.

How long should I study for JLPT N5?

For students with kanji knowledge, like Chinese students, it takes 350 hours to pass the N5 exam. For other students who don’t have prior kanji knowledge, it takes 462 hours of studying.

These hours estimates are gathered when students self-report their estimated study time during the exam registration process. The question is added as a compulsory field.

For more information on the study hours for all levels of the JLPT, check out this blog article: How Many Hours Does it Take to Pass the JLPT – Illustrated Guide.

How to Prepare for JLPT N5

Mastering Kanji and Vocabulary

In addition to hiragana and katakana, the JLPT N5 covers around 100 kanji and 800 vocabulary words. (Of course, you do not have to know all of them to pass, but it’s impossible to predict which ones will be on the exam.)

We highly recommend that you check out our JLPT N5 Self-Study Guide.

JLPT N5 Kanji Writing Workbook / Worksheets E-Book

We have also provided several of the worksheets free of charge at the links below! These are very useful as they cover many of the kanji that you will be tested on during the N5 exam.

To become familiar with the most commonly used vocabulary words likely to appear on the JLPT N5 Exam, check out our list of the Top 100 Basic Japanese Words.

Mastering JLPT N5 Grammar

Although the JLPT N5 Exam scores vocabulary and grammar cumulatively, it is recommended that you study for them independently. The grammar section of the exam tests on basic particle usage (ha, ga, wo, etc.) and formal and casual conjugations of verbs and adjectives for past and present tenses.

To learn grammar points covered on the N5 Exam, you can check out the below the articles on basic Japanese Grammar:

Japanese particles can be a tricky subject, so check: Beginner’s Guide to Japanese Particles.

Mastering JLPT N5 Listening

To help you get prepared for the listening section, we have a 30-day challenge for you!

In our Free JLPT N5 30-Day Grammar Listening Challenge, you will spend 15 minutes each day for 30 days improving your listening and learning new grammar points. Each day, you will be given two phrases or grammar points and check your understanding with a flash card matching game. By the end of the course, not only will you have strengthened your listening, but you will have also learned 60 grammar points necessary to pass the N5 Exam!

Our Coto Japanese Academy YouTube Channel can be a great tool for listening practice and growing your grammar arsenal.

Although self-studying is a great way to study at your own pace, textbooks and worksheets may not perfectly prepare you for what’s to come on the JLPT Exam.

How to register for JLPT N5

Registering for the JLPT can be done online via the official JLPT website. The tests are conducted worldwide. In Japan, the JLPT is held annually in July and December. Make sure to check the official site for the list of overseas JLPT test sites.

  • Application Period: The July exam application periods end in April. December exam applications end in September
  • Application Method: You must apply from the MyJLPT “JLPT Application” screen after registering with MyJLPT on the JLPT website of Japan Educational Exchanges and Services (JESS).
  • Test Fee: ¥7,500 yen (price can vary depending on country and test sites, so always refer to the original JLPT portal)

Payment Methods: Credit card, bank wire transfer (pay-easy), payment at a convenience store.

Once registered, you will receive a test voucher around mid-November indicating your test location and more details about the JLPT Exam.

We have provided a step-by-step guide to registering for the JLPT.

What happens on test day

Before heading out to your test center, make sure to bring your test voucher, writing utensils (mechanical pencils are accepted), and maybe some snacks and a watch to help you with time management.

For examinees in Japan, your test will begin at 12:30, but the test center will already be open from 11:45. We recommend you head out early to be safe.

Once you arrive at your test venue, you will be asked to show your test voucher to the staff. Examinees are split into different rooms based on their voucher numbers. You will be instructed to enter one of these rooms.

The whole exam will take several hours to complete (in the case of the N5 Exam, an hour and a half), and you will get short breaks between each section. When the exam is finished, you will need to wait until all test papers have been collected before you can leave the room. Check out our article on JLPT tips for the actual day.

Taking the JLPT? Join Preparation Lessons at Coto Academy!

Planning to take the JLPT? Maximize your chances of success with customized lessons at Coto Academy. Our experienced instructors have helped hundreds of students pass the exam. You’ll cover all sections of the test and practice with real mock exams based on past JLPT papers.

Spots fill up quickly. Sign up today and start your path to JLPT success!

FAQ

Around what level is the JLPT N5

The JLPT N5 is considered to be the most basic level of Japanese. To pass the test you would need to know around 800 vocabulary words and 100 kanji characters. The test mostly uses hiragana, katakana, and just a bit of kanji. You would also need to understand simple Japanese conversation.

How many hours of studying is needed to pass the JLPT?

While it depends on your current level and linguistic background, on average, it could take around 460 hours of study if you are starting from scratch. If your native language already uses kanji, the hours of study could be much less, around 350 hours.

Would passing the JLPT N5 have benefits for visas or getting jobs?

Passing the JLPT N5 could be considered when applying for certain work or long-term stay visas. Some roles that require a basic level of Japanese would consider the N5 certification a plus point for your application.

Is taking the N5 worth it?

The JLPT N5, while still testing a basic level, is still very valuable. It’s a great way to gauge your Japanese level and progress, which can be very motivating. It’s also an official certificate that you can use on your resume or other documents, showcasing your skills.