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The complexity of Japanese business manners is a maze that all foreigners need to navigate at some point in their careers. They deeply reflect Japanese culture, such as respect, humility, and hierarchy. So, if you plan to pursue a career in Japan, you will need to demonstrate Japanese cultural understanding through acting out the nuances.

So, what should you keep in mind to avoid saying or doing the wrong things on formal occasions in Japan? Since politeness and consideration are so ingrained in Japanese etiquette, your colleagues may not point out when foreigners make mistakes to avoid making us feel embarrassed. While this is very well-intended, it might make it hard to learn from our mistakes.

From dress code to how to bow correctly, read this guide to find out the Japanese business manners and etiquette you may need to know!

How are Japanese business manners different from other cultures?

While formalities are important in many countries, Japanese work culture still stands out with etiquette that is very deliberate, careful, and modest, likely rooted in Japanese historical customs.

Japan’s history of feudal fragmentation and frequent natural disasters fostered a culture where maintaining social harmony and avoiding conflict were essential for survival. These pressures shaped a tradition of etiquette emphasizing hierarchy, modesty, and respect, which continues to influence the modern workplace.

While the differences are easy to notice, Japanese business manners and etiquette in Japan are fundamentally similar to those anywhere else. You want to show respect and avoid insulting the other party to ensure deals, meetings, partnerships, and any other delicate matters are handled as smoothly as possible.

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1. Bowing and greeting in the Japanese workplace

Displaying good manners begins with proper Japanese greetings. In Japan, bowing is a customary formality when meeting someone for the first time and is even more important in business settings. The deeper and more prolonged the bow, generally, the more respect you are expressing.

In most cases, a really deep and prolonged bow isn’t necessary and may end up looking a little silly or out of place. Bowing your head slightly with your arms at your side should suffice even when meeting people for formal business occasions.

After bowing, you should introduce yourself formally by saying your name and position, followed by saying よろしくお願い致します (yoroshiku onegaitashimasu), which can be translated rather literally as “please be favorable towards me”. However, it’s more like saying “pleasure to meet you”. You don’t need to do a full self-introduction at this point since you will probably do that later in the meeting or interview.

Handshakes

Handshakes are becoming more common but are largely secondary. You might bow first, then do a handshake. There is also a chance that since you’re a foreigner, Japanese businessmen might feel more inclined to give a handshake.

2. Business Japanese language

One of the most essential aspects of Japanese business manners is the language. In a business setting, you need to use a very polite form of Japanese known as Keigo. It is customary to use keigo while working in Japan since it expresses humility and respect to your colleagues, bosses, and clients. There are 3 main forms of keigo to be aware of:

Teineigo (丁寧語): The standard, formal Japanese you will learn if you are a beginner. This includes the です (desu) and ます (masu) forms.
Sonkeigo (尊敬語): An honorific Japanese language that expresses respect to the listener or third party
Kenjougo (謙譲語): A humble Japanese language that shows humility when discussing yourself.

Keigo and using language to communicate respect for the other party need to be present in just about every interaction. From writing emails to online meetings, it is always best to speak with higher regard for the other party since it’s not only for good manners but building long-term relationships.

For a further introduction, please read our guide on Japanese keigo and our guide on Japanese suffixes.

3. Indirectness and non-verbal communication

Keigo is a pretty convenient solution for speaking humbly once you learn it (I know, easier said than done), but it’s not all of Japanese speaking manners. Indirect communication is preferred over overt directness since it can be considered harsh or rude. Whether with fellow colleagues or clients with whom you want to form long-term relationships, it is best to use certain business phrases in Japanese or English that avoid being too direct for requests or refusing.

However, there are also non-verbal communications to keep in mind, such as facial expressions or gestures. This is a skill that may take longer to master since even native Japanese speakers could struggle with this aspect. In some ways, displaying proper manners could also be considered a form of non-verbal communication since it shows your dedication to respecting the other party.

4. Exchanging 名刺 (meishi) or business cards

people exchanging business cards in japan

There is even etiquette in exchanging meishi (名刺), or business cards, in Japan. When meeting someone in a professional capacity, it is customary to exchange meishi, which comes with a whole set of its own etiquette. Trading meishi not only gives you a card with the name of the person you are meeting, but also their position in the company. This can be quite helpful when determining your social interactions with each person. So when trading meishi, the general Japanese business manners include:

Slightly bow, introduce yourself, and present your meishi by showing the front side of the card, holding each corner with both hands.
When receiving a meishi, take it with both hands and acknowledge it.
Put the card somewhere safe, like your bag. Avoid folding the card, putting it in your pocket, or handling it roughly since that can be seen as very disrespectful or even insulting.

For an in-depth guide, read our guide on 名刺交換 (meishi koukan), business card exchange.

5. Punctuality in Japan

You have probably heard about how punctuality is taken to new heights in Japan. Trains are rarely within a minute late, which is a testament to Japan’s dedication to timeliness. This, of course, extends to etiquette in Japan, where being on time displays proper Japanese business manners and respect. Whether it’s a meeting, interview, or just showing up to work, being punctual means showing up around 10 to 15 minutes early.

Arriving at a rendezvous point is considered bad manners and may communicate that you don’t respect the time of all parties you are meeting. Even being right on time doesn’t display the best manners, which is why it is better to be a little early. It also gives you a chance to prepare, break the ice, or even quickly trade meishi before the main meeting starts, which may not allow time for all that.

Read our guide on unwritten Japanese rules you need to follow.

6. Hierarchy and formality play a big role

Hierarchy and formality are deeply rooted in Japanese culture, which is why it’s present in just about every aspect of business etiquette and manners. From keigo to serving drinks at a company dinner, respecting the chain of command is proper etiquette.

Japanese companies and workplaces often follow a strict seniority system based on age, job title, and tenure. Decision-making typically flows from the top down, and those in higher-ranking positions are given the utmost respect both verbally and nonverbally. You also need to show a level of regard for your senpai (先輩), a senior colleague or mentor who is not necessarily your manager or boss, just someone who joined the company before you. Kohai (後輩) refers to a junior employee or subordinate.

Even if you’re a guest from abroad, showing deference to the most senior person in the room, like waiting for them to speak first or following their lead during introductions or meetings, is a sign of cultural competence.

Titles and honorifics

Addressing Japanese colleagues with proper titles and honorifics is essential for showing respect and awareness of their position relative to you. Starting with the very basics, family names are usually used in business settings, especially early in a relationship. But, depending on your relationship with your colleague, you could use their first name instead. Generally, this is how you would use suffixes and professional titles:

Last Name + さん (san). For example, 田中さん (Tanaka-san)
Addressing with a professional title such as shachou (社長, company president), buchou (部長, department manager), or kachou (課長, section chief). For example, instead of “Mr. Sato,” say Sato-san or Sato shachou if referring to a company president.

Avoid using just the first name or dropping honorifics—even if your Japanese counterpart uses your first name. It’s best to mirror formality until explicitly invited to do otherwise.

Hierarchy seating and speaking order

In meetings, formality extends to where people sit and when they speak. This concept is called kamiza (上座) and shimoza (下座), meaning “seat of honor” and “lower seat,” respectively. The Kamiza, or the highest-ranking individual, sits farthest from the door. The Shimoza, or the lowest-ranking or junior person, sits closest to the door, often as a sign of responsibility, such as fetching documents or answering interruptions.

When speaking in the meeting or even just giving a daily report, the seniors speak first, followed by the juniors. Similarly, during introductions or speeches, senior staff or guests are introduced first, while juniors are expected to wait their turn.

7. Meeting and interview business etiquette in Japan

Most of the etiquette already discussed would be applicable to meetings and interviews. Generally, you need to be at least 5 to 10 minutes early when showing up to a meeting. Meetings also often follow the hierarchy etiquette with seniors sitting furthest from the door and juniors sitting closest if the meeting is in person.

For online meetings, the speaking order rules would apply, where your introductions or reporting would be done in order of seniority. Business meetings, especially with clients or upper management, would require you to use keigo if speaking Japanese.

If you have a Japanese interview, there would be several more formalities and steps, including the following:

Knocking 3 times and waiting for a response
Saying shitsurei shimasu (失礼します) when entering the meeting room, being sure to close the door
Greeting with a bow and a very brief self-introduction
Saying “shitsurei shimasu” again before sitting
Exchanging meishi either before or after the interview with both hands
Bowing when leaving the meeting room and closing the door when leaving, saying “shitsureishimasu” again
Letting the staff guide you to the exit or elevator, then bowing and saying “thank you” before leaving

For a more detailed breakdown, read our ultimate guide to Japanese interviews.

8. Japanese business etiquette for dinners and events

Drinking together with your company is a great time to get closer to your colleagues and loosen up a bit. But even in times of celebration, displaying proper manners and etiquette to your colleagues and managers is important. So, here are some standard Japanese business manners and etiquette when drinking with your company and team.

1. Pour drinks for colleagues

You should always pour for your colleagues, starting with seniors first. Use both hands and clearly show the label side of the bottle to the receiver. Always be on the lookout for empty glasses and be ready to pour.

2. Let your colleagues serve you a drink

It is considered proper manners to wait for someone to serve you a drink rather than helping yourself. When someone pours for you, hold your glass with both hands and tilt it in the direction of the person serving you. This just makes it easier for them to pour.

3. Kanpai before drinking

Generally, you should wait to kanpai before consuming anything. It might be considered rude, especially if it’s an alcoholic drink. Generally, the company may want to do a toast to celebrate achievements or make announcements right before the kanpai, so everyone can take a sip to kick off the celebration.

Kanpai-ing with your team and colleagues definitely helps with team morale, but there is a whole rule you need to know. Read our article about kanpai and Japanese drinking culture.

9. Dress code in Japanese corporations

Even your attire should display awareness of Japanese business manners; however, companies and situations can vary, plus times are changing. In general, Japanese business attire consists of formal clothes such as suits and button-up shirts. But there are seasonal considerations. People tend to wear lighter fabrics and even opt out of the suit jacket in the summer, and more layers in the winter. Nowadays, full suits are not necessary every day, but for business meetings and events, it’s highly recommended. So, here are standard conventions for what to wear to maintain Japanese business etiquette.

Dress code for men

For men, button up a shirt and full suit when appropriate.

White or light-colored button-up shirt
Dark slacks or dress pants
When needed, a suit jacket with black, blue, or darker colors. Nothing is too loud or stands out.
A nice tie when wearing a suit.
Black or brown shoes, and leather shoes are the most common, but non-leather formal shoes are also acceptable.

Dress code for women

For women, a formal blouse or button-up with pants or a nice skirt.

Light-colored blouse or button-up shirt
Darker-colored skirts or pants. The color should be the same as your jacket.
When needed, suit Jacket with black, blue, or darker colors
Darker colored heels under 5 cm. You don’t want to wear heels that are too high since they generally stand out.
Simple and natural make-up is considered professional in Japan.

In modern times, especially in start-ups, the dress code in Japan is becoming more casual, where comfort is prioritized over formality (to an extent). While jeans and casual button-ups or polo are not uncommon, shorts and flip-flops are usually where the line is drawn. It’s best to read the room or even ask what’s considered appropriate.

If you are interviewing for a Japanese company, check out our guide on how to attend Japanese job interviews.

Tips on navigating Japanese business manners

1. Prepare and research

Good Japanese business manners start with preparing and researching the company and people you will meet ahead of time. This can allow you to understand who you will be meeting with and their position in the company. Since hierarchy is important in Japanese business culture, it would be good to know who is of the highest rank to adjust your interactions accordingly. It can also help to tailor the meeting’s content to those who are attending.

Researching the company and its culture can also help with being prepared and even showing respect. It’ll also save time since you know what they do and what questions or content should be included in the meeting. Knowing their company culture as well will also help to tailor how you speak, how formal you should be, and how to avoid conflict. With tech start-ups, you might try to show more excitement and energy, while with a large bank, being a bit more conservative, such as highlighting stability or reliability, might be preferable.

2. Gift-giving etiquette

Gift-giving, or “お土産 (omiyage)” and “贈り物 (okurimono)”, is a valued custom in Japan that plays a significant role in building and maintaining professional relationships. Giving a thoughtful gift shows respect and appreciation for your fellow colleagues or clients that you are meeting. However, there are specific unspoken rules around how, when, and what to give. So generally, these are common occasions for giving gifts:

First-time visits or meetings: As a gesture of goodwill or appreciation
Returning from a trip (either business or personal trips that you took time off for): Bring omiyage (souvenirs) for coworkers or clients
Seasonal events: Gifts are exchanged during Ochūgen (mid-summer) and Oseibo (end of year) seasons
Celebrations or milestones: Company anniversaries, promotions, retirements, or completed deals

The ideal gift is useful, elegant, and consumable, such as high-quality local snacks, tea, stationery, or regional specialties. For a more detailed guide, read our blog on gift-giving etiquette.

3. Prioritize long-term relationships

Japanese business etiquette, at its core, is about building long-term relationships. This effort doesn’t end with business meetings. Attending dinners, sports events, and other social activities is a part of developing strong relationships with colleagues and clients. By maintaining contact consistently, you will gain trust with business partners, allowing for smoother dealings and negotiations.

Conclusion: Why learning Japanese business etiquette matters

Understanding Japanese business etiquette goes far beyond simply following rules; it’s about demonstrating respect, humility, and a willingness to adapt.

Even if your job doesn’t require much Japanese, having a basic grasp of these customs can go a long way. It helps avoid misunderstandings, builds trust, and shows that you value your professional relationships.

If you’re aiming to build a career in Japan and want to speak Japanese professionally, start learning business Japanese at Coto Academy. Our business Japanese and advanced intensive Japanese courses are designed for real-life application. We help you form deeper connections and gain a solid understanding of Japanese business etiquette and communication.

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FAQ

Should you bring gifts to business meetings in Japan?

It is customary to bring a gift when meeting with clients for the first time, but it is not always necessary. There are also certain occasions for giving gifts, such as for celebrating milestones or seasonal events.

What gifts should you avoid giving in Japanese business?

What is the most important rule in Japanese business etiquette?

It might be difficult to pinpoint 1 specific rule since displaying good Japanese business manners holistically will give the best impression of who you are. So, the most important aspect of Japanese etiquette is that the other party feels respected. In order to do this, you can speak respectfully, be on time, and be prepared.

What is considered poor business etiquette in Japan?

Just to name a few: using overly casual language or slang, being overly direct, such as blatantly disagreeing without consideration, interrupting, being late, or showing up wearing inappropriate business attire.

What are considered good manners when greeting in Japanese business?

When meeting someone for the first time, it is customary to bow, followed by a brief self-introduction and trading meishi (business cards). Handshakes are becoming more common but are largely secondary. But after the first time, when meeting with external clients, it is still good to bow and thank them for their cooperation with you.

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Gratitude and appreciation for the little things are deeply rooted in Japanese culture, but did you know that saying “thank you” in Japanese isn’t as simple as it seems?

Depending on who you’re speaking to, the phrase you use can change significantly. And we’re not just talking about the difference between “arigatou” and “arigatou gozaimasu.” For example, the way you thank a friend differs from how you thank a client. The social proximity and status between the speaker and the degree of politeness determine the best manners and phrases to use. From the formal kansha shimasu to the English loanword that’s popular among young men, sankyuu, every situation calls for a different “thank you”.

But don’t worry! Here’s a practical guide to 20 different ways to say “thank you” in Japanese. We’ll break down when to use each phrase (and when not to), explain the nuances behind them, and give you example situations so you can express gratitude naturally in Japan.

What is Thank You in Japanese?

The most basic and commonly used way to say “thank you” in Japanese is 「ありがとうございます」(arigatou gozaimasu). However, Japanese is a language rich in nuance and politeness, so there are several variations of the phrase depending on the level of formality, the situation, and who you are speaking with.

Kanji for Arigatou（ありがとう）

The kanji for arigatou is 有り難い. The word was originally used in Buddhism, where 有る (aru) means “existing; being”. If you’ve learned a few kanji, you will probably be familiar with the second character, 難, which is also used for the Japanese adjective muzukashii (難しい), which means “difficult”.

Here, 難い comes from gatou (難う), which carries the same meaning (muzukashii) and is derived from the Japanese adjective “difficult.”

Together, they both can be translated to “something that rarely exists,” “difficult to have,” or “something rare and precious.“

Think of the phrase arigatou as a Japanese proverb: Having someone do something for you is a rare and precious thing.

Now, the word arigatou is often written in hiragana. ありがとう or, if you’re familiar with the more formal and long way to say thank you, ありがとうございます (arigatou gozaimasu).

History of Arigatou（ありがとう）

It’s interesting to look at the kanji characters that trace their historical roots back to the 8th Century.

According to the kokugo dictionary (national dictionary), arigatashi originally meant “difficult to exist”, which later had its meaning changed to “something rare”. It wasn’t until the 15th century that it eventually came to mean welcome or thankful.

Culture of Saying Thank You in Japan

Japanese culture and way of living are reflected in its language. Different pronouns, honorific titles and verb forms are used depending on the relationship between speaker and listener, ranging from downright rude to the utmost respect.

Similar to saying sorry, expressing the basic arigatou gozaimasu (ありがとうございます) is tightly related to the Japanese culture of groupthink, humility and compassion. In Japan, people try to put the priority of their in-group (uchi) ahead of their own personal desires.

Ironically, one “ありがとうございます” in a Japanese work setting can come off as curt and insincere. Instead, say thanks a second time is necessary to show one’s sincere feelings of appreciation for receiving a kind gesture.

For example, instead of saying “Thank you for waiting,” Japanese people might opt to say “Sorry for keeping you so long.” They might not necessarily seek forgiveness, but this apology is a token of politeness and humility.

This is because “thank you” and “sorry” fits nicely with one another — or, at least, in Japan’s structured society. Sometimes, it seems like a few minutes of Japanese thank-yous amongst a group of recipients will last an eternity.

Keep in mind that in formal writing and business situations, the word can be written as either 有り難う or 有難う followed by ございます.

It’s perfectly acceptable and quite common in business situations to say thank you in its hiragana form as ありがとうございます. And if you feel really appreciative of what you have received, you can add どうも or おおきに to the beginning of the previous word.

Casual and Everyday Ways to Say Thank You in Japanese

1. Sankyuu (サンキュー)

Sounds familiar? The word sankyuu is a loanword taken too literally from the English phrase “thank you”. The Japanese alphabet doesn’t recognize the consonant “th, so the “s” is used (full table on converting English to Japanese consonants here).

And because it’s a loanword, it means it’s written in katakana, too. There are typically two written versions: サンキュー (with a long “u” vowel sound at the end) and サンキュ (with a short “u” vowel).

It goes without saying, but never use サンキュー to someone socially higher or older than you. Only use this on your friends whom you are close to, as even saying it to a same-aged classmate or colleague can give the wrong impression of being “too friendly”.

Most of the time, this casual way of saying thank you in Japanese is used by young Japanese people.

2. Azassu (あざっす)

Sankyuu is a loan word, but azassu is a popular Japanese slang. The word actually comes from the original ありがとうございます. If you try saying it fast, you’ll notice that you’re going to skip some vowels and consonants. That’s how azassu was born.

This is one of the slang words that are popular among Japanese men. In the same way saying ore sounds more rough and masculine, あざっす has a light and casual tone. It can be written as あざーす、あざーっす or あざす. It depends on the length of the vowel you might want to emphasize.

3. Azamasu (あざます)

Another branch of the same slang word above, あざます is popular among young people in Japan. Other variations include ざす(zasu) and あざお(azao). You’ll notice that men tend to use these slang words more often than women, too.

4. Doumo (どうも)

Domo and arigatou tend to have similar formality levels expressed in quite casual situations. Domo is used more often by male speakers and is less often heard among Japanese women.

It’s a quick, shortened way to say thank you to your friends or family if you don’t want to use slang words. Keep in mind that, rank-wise, doumo is more casual than the shortened arigatou. Because of this, save this for someone who has the same social status, if not lower than you.

This phrase for saying thank you is extremely casual. It’s an even more casual way to say thank in Japanese than “arigatou”. Because of its extreme light tone, this phrase is often used with people at the same social status level as you or lower, like your friends and younger siblings. It’s also okay to say it to the cashier or restaurant staff.

5. Sumimasen (すみません)

すみません (Sumimasen) literally means “excuse me” or “sorry,” but in Japanese it’s also commonly used to say thank you, especially when someone has gone out of their way to help you or do you a favor. This expression conveys a mix of gratitude and a slight feeling of apology for causing trouble or inconvenience.

For example, if someone holds the door open for you or helps you carry something heavy, saying sumimasen shows you appreciate their effort while acknowledging you might have caused them a little extra work.

Sometimes, sumimasen is even more natural than just saying “thank you” directly.

6. Sumanai (すまない)

You know how “azasu” is a slangy, shortened version of “arigatou gozaimasu”? Well, “sumanai” works the same way for “sumimasen.” It’s an informal, rougher-sounding way to say sorry or even thank you, depending on the context.

You’ll often hear guys using it more than girls, but it’s not a gendered phrase. It just carries a slightly tougher or blunt tone. Like with most casual Japanese slang, this one’s best reserved for close friends or peers. Definitely don’t use it with your boss or in any formal situation!

7. Arigatou (ありがとう)

Arigatou is really an archetypical way to express a friendly-casual thank you in Japanese. Arigatou has an identical meaning to the English “thanks”, which means that you probably know that it shouldn’t be used in formal situations.

However, because it’s less casual than doumo, you can still use it with someone older than you, like your senpai, parents or ojiisan. Keep in mind that, while it’s acceptable, the most important thing is the relationship distance you have with them.

8. Arigatou gozaimasu (ありがとうございます)

Adding gozaimasu signifies an even more formal situation, the distance between the speakers and is typically used in business encounters. It shows respect and politeness. You can also use this form for strangers, like a waiter, the konbini clerk or a distant acquaintance.

Notice sometimes people switch between the present and past tense of arigatou gozaimasu? You say arigatou gozaimashita (ありがとうございました) when someone has already helped or done a favor.

For example, if someone is offering a hand to carry your luggage, you will use the present tense.

荷物を持ってくれてありがとうございます。
Nimotsu o motte kurete arigatou gozaimasu.
Thank you for carrying my luggage.

However, if that person has carried the luggage yesterday, you’d opt for arigatou gozaimashita instead.

昨日, 荷物を持ってくれてありがとうございました。
Kinou, nimotsu o motte kurete arigatou gozaimashita.
Thank you for carrying my luggage yesterday.

9. Doumo arigatou gozaimasu (どうもありがとうございます)

In this case, adding doumo on the front emphasizes your appreciation further and makes it more polite. Besides that, you can use hontou ni (本当に), which means truly.

本当にありがとうございます。
I am truly thankful.

10. Doumo arigatou ( どうもありがとう)

This expression is a small step up from a simple “arigatou,” but it’s a bit more casual and friendly than “arigatou gozaimasu.” It’s best used with friends, family, or younger people to show your gratitude in a warm, informal way. “Doumo” by itself can also be used casually, but we’ll cover that shortly.

11. Kurete arigatou (～くれてありがとう)

～くれてありがとう is used when you want to say “thank you for [doing something]” and attach a verb to show what action you’re thankful for. It’s commonly used in casual situations with friends, family, or people close to you. Use this structure when you’re directly thanking someone for an action they did for you or someone in your inner circle.

To use it, attach it to the て-form of a verb, which acts like a “connector” in Japanese grammar.

手伝ってくれてありがとう
Tetsudatte kurete arigatou
Thanks for helping me.

How to Say Thank You in Business Japanese

Now that we’ve gone over some casual and everyday ways to express appreciation in Japanese, let’s shift to how to say thank you in professional or workplace settings. These phrases are typically reserved for office communication and are especially common in business emails. Using them for everyday situations might come across as overly formal or stiff.

12. Kansha shimasu (感謝します)

This is usually used in business emails, more often written than spoken, as you can come off as stiff or “old-school” if you attempt to say it. The word kansha (感謝) means thanks or gratitude, which is, of course, the same as the other thank-yous above, but it has a more polite tone to it.

In business Japanese emails, you can start off with itsumo sapoto shiteitadaki, kansha shimasu (いつもさーポッとしていただき、感謝します), which means “thank you for your continued support”

You will need to add the verb する after the end. If you want to level up the formality and flex your business Japanese skill, you can use Japanese keigo instead and follow the typical rule of adding a prefix on the noun and changing する to its humble form: いたす.

The highest degree you can get from using 感謝します as an alternative to arigatou gozaimasu is ご感謝いたします (gokansha ita shimasu).

心の底からご感謝いたします。
Kokoro no soko kara gokansha ita shimasu.
I thank you from the bottom of my heart.

13. Osoreirimasu (恐れ入ります)

Lastly is the most formal phrase 恐れ入ります (おそれいります), used to thank someone for the trouble they went through to help you. The word osore (恐れ) means uneasiness, reverence or concern.

Like sumimasen, 恐れ入ります doesn’t translate immediately as “thank you” in Japanese. Even Japanese people don’t use it often, as it’s only used in super formal situations like in meetings. You can think of this phrase as something like, “Would you be so kind?”

Unlike sumimasen, which can be used as an apology, osoreirimasu is used to only acknowledge the trouble someone has done for you.

恐れ入りますが、私手紙を出してくれませんか？
Osoreirimasuga, watashi tegami o dashitekuremasenka?
Would you be so kind as to post my letter?

14. Arigataki shiawase (ありがたき幸せ)

We can’t help but sneak this one in. If you’ve never heard of it before, that’s completely understandable. Arigataki shiawase is an old-fashioned way used by Japanese samurai to show gratitude to their lord. If you like to watch Japanese historical drama, you’ve probably come across it a few times.

Now, some people still like to use it in a sarcastic way. It is sometimes used as an old-fashioned expression with humor when you catch a person doing something they don’t usually do.

まさか、お弁当を作って下さるなんて、誠にありがたき幸せにござります。
Masaka, obentou o tsukutte kudasaru nante, makoto ni arigataki shiwase ni gozarimasu.
No way… I am very grateful and happy that you made me a lunchbox.

15. Haisha moushiwagemasu ( 拝謝申し上げます)

“拝謝申し上げます” is a very polite and formal way to express gratitude. It is often used in business settings or formal written communication to show deep respect and sincere thanks to the other person.

The meaning is similar to saying, “I humbly express my heartfelt thanks” or “I sincerely offer my gratitude.” This Japanese thank you phrase uses keigo, with an implied meaning that you are putting yourself socially below the person you are thanking.

16. Otsukare sama desu (おつかれさまです)

This isn’t technically an official way to say “thank you” in Japanese, but otsukaresama desu (お疲れ様です) is a versatile phrase widely used in the workplace. It carries several meanings—it can be a greeting, a way to say “good job,” or a polite way to express appreciation for someone’s effort. In many cases, it functions as a congratulatory or thankful phrase.

For example, you might say it after finishing a presentation with a coworker or to thank someone for sending out an important email. It’s a go-to phrase for acknowledging and appreciating someone’s hard work in a professional setting.

17. Itadaite arigatou (~いただいてありがとうございます)

いただいてありがとうございます is a very polite and formal way to say “thank you for giving me [something]” in Japanese. It uses the humble verb いただく, which means “to receive,” typically used when you’re talking about receiving something from someone of higher status or when you want to sound respectful.

The phrase is formed by taking the て-form of いただく (いただいて) and attaching ありがとうございます, the polite form of “thank you.” This construction is commonly used in business settings, emails, or formal conversations to express gratitude for something you’ve been given, such as a message, a reply, or documents.

For example, you might say ご連絡をいただいてありがとうございます to mean “Thank you for contacting me.”

Saying Thank You When Eating in Japan

While you can always say arigatou gozaimasu to thank someone for the food, did you know that Japanese dining etiquette has specific phrases to use depending on whether you are about to start or have just finished your meal?

18. Itadakimasu (頂きます)

Itadakimasu is a polite phrase traditionally said before eating a meal in Japan. While it literally means “I humbly receive,” it carries a much deeper cultural meaning. Saying itadakimasu is a way of expressing gratitude, not just to the person who prepared the food, but also to the farmers, animals, plants, and everyone involved in bringing the meal to the table.

Though there’s no direct equivalent in English, it’s sometimes compared to saying “Let’s eat” or “Bon appétit.”

19. Gouchisousama deshita (ごちそうさまでした)

Gochisousama deshita (ごちそうさまでした) is the standard phrase you say after finishing a meal in Japanese to thank the person who prepared, treated, or served the food. Literally, 馳走 once meant “to run about” (as in going to great lengths to prepare a feast), so the phrase conveys appreciation for all the effort behind the meal.

Don’t get mistaken between itadakimasu and gouchisousama deshita! Itadakimasu is said before you eat the food. Gouchisousama deshita is said after you finish eating!

Bonus: Bowing to say Thank You in Japanese

Showing appreciation in Japan isn’t always about words—nonverbal gestures like bowing, or ojigi, play a huge role in expressing gratitude and respect. Bowing is a tradition that dates back over 1,000 years and remains an essential part of Japanese culture today.

Typically, bowing is done from the waist with a straight back. The angle of your bow conveys how humble or respectful you are being: a slight 15-degree bow is casual and common for everyday situations, such as acknowledging a shopkeeper. A deeper 30-degree bow is more formal and often used in professional settings, like greeting clients or coworkers. The deepest bows—around 45 degrees—are reserved for expressing deep gratitude, sincere apologies, or when meeting someone very important.

Of course, if someone just did you a small favor, you don’t need to perform a formal bow. A quick nod or a brief bow can still effectively show your sincerity and thanks.

How to Use Sumimasen and Arigatou in Context

If you live in Japan, you’ll probably realize that sumimasen might as well be Japanese people’s favorite word. That’s because すみません is a versatile word with multiple meanings, ready to be used across different social contexts. It can be said in situations where the English “excuse me” and “sorry” would fit.

遅くてすみませんでした！
Osokute sumimasen deshita!
I’m sorry for being late!

すみません、通ります。
Sumimasen, toorimasu.
Excuse me, I’m going through.

Check out: Apologizing in Japanese

Besides these two functions, sumimasen can be used to express gratitude for someone who’s gone through all the trouble helping us. Think of the word as “sorry for being a nuisance.” In other words, when you’re thanking someone, you’re also making a fuss or bothering them. You thank them for allowing you to inconvenience them. This is why, oftentimes, “thank you” goes hand in hand with “I’m sorry”.

Because of this, Japanese people actually use sumimasen a lot more than arigatou. For example, instead of being grateful that someone is holding the elevator for you, you’d say sumimasen. In this case, you’re implying, “Sorry (but thank you) for holding the elevator for me.”

Sumimasen and arigatou don’t have to be used separately, though. You can combine domo, sumimasen and arigatou together when speaking Japanese.

Occasionally, you can attach the word wazawaza (わざわざ ), which means “purposefully”. When you do, it emphasizes your appreciation for bothering someone.

わざわざ、すみません。ありがとうございます。
Wazawaza, sumimasen. Arigatou gozaimasu.

どうも、すみません、ありがとうございました。
Doumo, sumimasen, arigatou gozaimashita.

Conclusion

And there you have, a quick guide on how the Japanese use all these permutations to specifically show their appreciation and thanks based upon the situation at hand. Pay particular attention to the situation for which you have been thanked, and you will gradually develop a greater sensitivity to how the expression “thank you” is properly used in Japanese. If you want to learn more, why not join Japanese lessons in Tokyo, or practice with an online Japanese tutor with Coto Academy?

Fill out the form below for a free level check and get a personalized recommendation by our friendly staff!

FAQ

What is the most common way to say thank you in Japanese?

The most common way is 「ありがとうございます」(arigatou gozaimasu). It’s polite and appropriate in most situations, especially when speaking to people you don’t know well.

What does ありがとう (arigatou) mean?

「ありがとう」(arigatou) is a casual way to say “thank you” in Japanese. It’s typically used with friends, family, or people of the same age or lower status.

What's the difference between arigatou and arigatou gozaimasu?

Arigatou is casual and best for informal situations, while arigatou gozaimasu is more polite and respectful. Use the polite version when talking to someone older, in a professional setting, or with people you don’t know well.

Is it rude to only say arigatou?

It’s not rude if you’re speaking casually with friends or people you know well. But in formal or unfamiliar settings, it’s better to use arigatou gozaimasu to sound more polite and respectful.

Learning Japanese? You might be interested in:

Saying sorry in Japanese is often much more than simply apologizing. Once you start living here and having daily conversations, you’ll notice that phrases like sumimasen (すみません) appear in situations where — from a Western point of view — a simple “thank you” might seem more appropriate. For example, if you hold the elevator door open for someone, they might respond with sumimasen instead of arigatou. This can be confusing at first, especially if you’re unfamiliar with the cultural nuance behind the phrase.

“すみません！ありがとうございます。”
Sumimasen! Arigatou gozaimasu.

That is because in Japanese culture, apologies are not just about guilt — they’re a way to show humility, politeness, and consideration. And subsequently, there are many ways to say sorry, each with different levels of formality and subtle meaning. It’s good to understand the significance of each apology. In this article, we’ll look at the many ways to say sorry in Japanese, when to use each one, and how understanding these expressions can help you communicate more naturally and respectfully.

Before we proceed with the article, please note that it will utilize hiragana, so prior knowledge of this script is necessary. If you’re still learning them, don’t worry. Take a look at our hiragana chart to review them.

The Culture of Apologizing in Japanese Society

As you might know, Japanese people are known for their collectiveness and emphasis on harmony and coexisting with others. Individuals are expected to be mindful of how their actions affect those around them and to take responsibility accordingly. This mindset is deeply woven into daily life, from how people express gratitude and greet each other to how they navigate both personal and professional relationships.
Even if an individual is born with a unique set of personalities, in Japanese culture, the group comes before the individual. Because of this, harmony inside the group — which, in this case, is a society in general — should be maintained as much as possible.

In Japan, it’s expected to avoid causing meiwaku (迷惑), which means to trouble or annoy others, is one of the bases of Japanese politeness in public spaces. You can see it from small things, like people getting off their phone calls as soon as they go on public transport.

Being polite and courteous is the key to keeping social harmony intact in Japan. Along the way, people make “mistakes”.

Let’s revisit the elevator scenario. Why did the man say sumimasen instead of arigatou?

In Japanese, sumimasen isn’t just used to apologize — it also acknowledges that someone has gone out of their way for you. In this case, the man is essentially saying, “I’m sorry to have made you wait,” showing both apology and gratitude at the same time. That subtle mix of feelings is deeply rooted in Japanese communication.

In other words, it’s common for people in Japan to say sorry even for the smallest inconveniences. It’s a way of showing awareness of how your actions affect others — not just following social norms, but actively reflecting on them.

When Do I Need to Apologize in Japan?

1. When You Made a Mistake

This is obvious, but many of us might feign ignorance when we make a small mistake. It’s important to know that no matter how small, you need to give a genuine apology. Using respectful or humble Japanese form in particular when saying sorry, will come across as more intense.

2. When You’re Causing “Inconvenience”

When someone does a favor for you, like holding a door open and working an hour late to help you, it’s considered polite to “apologize” for causing an inconvenience.

3. When You Want to Show Appreciation

A lot of times, it’s acceptable — encouraged, even — to apologize to someone as a thankful gesture. It’s a way to show appreciation for someone who put thought and effort into you. Think of it like saying, “I’m sorry you have to go all this way for me.”

How to Apologize in Japanese: Everyday Use and Casual

When you accidentally step on your friend’s foot, we don’t expect you to do a full 90-degree bow and use very formal Japanese to apologize. It’s important to know that the Japanese language has several levels of formality, from casual to super polite. This all depends on who you’re talking to and the social context.

When you want to make a casual apology, we recommend using a casual Japanese form, or 丁寧語 (teinieigo). These versions of “I’m sorry” are more commonly used for everyday situations and small inconveniences.

For a deep dive into the difference between keigo (polite) and tameguchi (casual), head to our article here.

1. ごめんなさい (gomennasai): Sorry

The most common and straightforward way to apologize in Japanese comes in a lot of variations. Either way, be careful not to use it when you’re trying to apologize to your boss or superiors. While in English, there’s only one “sorry”, think of gomenasai as the most casual apology that translates directly to, well, sorry. If you want to add more sincerity, you can add the Japanese adverb 本当に:

本当にごめんなさい。
Hontou ni gomennasai.
I am so sorry.

私のせいで、ごめんなさい。
Watashi no sei de, gomennasai.
It was my fault, I’m sorry.

2. ごめんね (gomen ne): Sorry, man.

Now, this word is actually the shortened version of gomennasai, but you really need to use it with great caution. There’s a slightly playful and casual undertone when you use this. Depending on the situation too, it minimizes the intensity of your apology, so you shouldn’t use the phrase in a serious situation. You can say this when you bump on your friend or use their pen by mistake, but not when you accidentally kick a ball through your neighbor’s window.

ペン落としちゃった！ごめんね！
Pen otoshichatta! Gomen ne!
I dropped (your) pen! Sorry, man!

Note: In casual conversations among friends, Japanese people usually omit particles like を or は.

3. すみません (sumimasen): Excuse me

People usually rotate between sumimasen and gommenasai, so what’s the difference? ごめんなさい (gomennasai) is strictly used to apologize for something you did wrong. すみません (sumimasen) is used to apologize, too, but the word itself is so much more versatile. In fact, sumimasen can be used for non-apologetic situations, like telling someone you’re passing by or letting them go ahead first when entering a room.

すみません、後ろに通ります。
Sumimasen, ushiro ni toorimasu.
Excuse me, I’m passing from behind.

すみません、どうぞ。
Sumimasen, douzo.
Excuse me, go ahead.

So while すみません often seems interchangeable with ごめんなさい, the prior is a broader expression. In terms of nuance, gomennasai has a slightly more apologetic tone to it.

4. 悪い (warui): My bad

Similar to gomen ne that we discussed above, 悪い (warui) is another casual way to say sorry in Japanese. You’re not directly apologizing. Rather, you’re acknowledging you did something wrong, like saying “My bad!” in English.

You should only use warui to apologize to friends and peers for non-serious matters. Think of this as slang words between two very good friends.

悪い悪い!
Warui warui!
My bad!

Instead of saying warui na, you might also hear people say 悪い悪い (warui warui), which has the same meaning. Doubling the word adds a more casual, conversational feel, like quickly saying “Sorry, sorry!” in English.

Formal Ways to Say Sorry in Japanese

Stepping on your friend’s foot is one thing, but sending the wrong email draft to your Japanese boss is another thing. In this scenario, you want to express how deeply sorry you are. Saying sorry in Japanese humble form will help intensify your apology.

Remember that when you use these phrases in a casual context, you’ll come across as sounding stiff or, worse, trying too hard. Only save these apologies for moments where you really mess up badly.

1. 申し訳ございません (moushi wake gozaimasen): What I did was inexcusable.

申し訳ございません (moushi wake gozaimasen) is perhaps the humblest and most formal way to say sorry in Japan. Literally, 申し訳 (moushiwake) means “excuse” or “reason,” and ございません is the humble, polite form of “there is not.” So, when put together, it roughly translates to “There is no excuse.”

There are other variations of moushi wake gozaimasen, depending on the level of formality you’d like to achieve. For example, ございません is the most polite form of ありません, so you can replace it when you feel like using gozaimasen feels too stiff.

申訳わけありません。
Moushi wake arimasen.

Other variations include:

大変申訳わけありませんでした.
Taihen moushi wake arimasen deshita.

申し訳ない.
Moushi wake nai.
I’m sorry!

The word moushi wake nai is the same, but it’s a slightly more casual form than using ございません or ありません. You can use it when you’re trying to make a sincere (but still friendly) apology to your friends.

Unlike gomen nasai or warui, which are more casual apologies we discussed earlier, 申し訳ございません (moushiwake gozaimasen) is reserved for the most serious situations, often used in professional or formal settings. It expresses a deep sense of remorse and responsibility.

However, using this phrase for minor inconveniences—like accidentally bumping into a friend—can feel overly formal or excessive. In those cases, a lighter apology would be more appropriate.

2. ご迷惑をかけてすみません (gomeiwaku o kakete sumimasen): I’m sorry to have caused you trouble

The Japanese word meiwaku can be built into an apology phrase in the event you have created an issue or trouble with someone. In the business context, this means in the event that you’re causing the slightest inconvenience to the other party. This phrase means, “I am deeply sorry to have caused you trouble.”

ご迷惑をおかけして申し訳ございません。
Go meiwaku o okake shite moushi wake gozaimasen.
I’m sorry for the inconvenience.

The phrase above is a combination of ご迷惑 and 申し訳ございません, which further intensifies the apology. It is commonly used as a formal greeting in emails and announcements. Other variations include:

ご迷惑をかけてすみません。
Gomeiwaku o kakete sumimasen.

ご迷惑めいわくをかけてごめんなさい。
Gomeiwaku o kakete gomennasai.

3. 恐れ入ります (Osoreirimasu): I’m sorry

Similar to sumimasen, 恐れ入ります (Osoreirimasu) isn’t used as an actual apology, but as a way to excuse yourself. However, osoreirimasu is a more polite and formal way to say sumimasen.

Usually, the phrase 恐れ入ります (Osoreirimasu) is followed by another sentence, connected by が to show contrast.

恐れ入りますが、おかわりを頂けますか？
Osore irimasu ga, okawari o itadakemasuka?
Excuse me, but can I have another serving?

4. 謝罪いたします (shazai ita shimasu): I apologize

This is a formal way of apologizing. You’ll see politicians and celebrities saying this when they did something scandalous or needed to make a public apology. Sometimes, this is followed by a 90-degree bow.

5. ご面倒をお掛けして、すみません (gomendou o okakeshite, sumimasen): I’m sorry for the trouble

Similar to 迷惑, this variation of Japanese apology isn’t used when you’re actually begging for forgiveness. Instead, it’s a way to thank someone in Japanese for helping you. This is a formality when someone does something for you.

6. お詫び申し上げます (Owabi moushi agemasu): I apologize.

The word お詫び (owabi) means “I offer my deepest apologies.” This phrase is among the other things Japanese public figure says when they want to apologize to the public. Unlike 申訳わけありません (owabi moushi agemasu), お詫び申し上げます is a strictly formal form, and there’s no way to make it casual. It may even sound too stiff in conversations, so owabi moushi agemasu is mostly used in written language.

Fun fact: Owabi moushi agemasu is the chosen phrase used by Prime Minister Murayama in his infamous apology speech on behalf of Japan for their involvement in World War II.

There are alterations to change the level of humility owabi moushi agemasu. You can instead say:

お詫びいたします
Owabi ita shimasu.
I apologize.

**7. 謝罪いたします (shazai itashimasu): I apologize**

More commonly used in written form rather than speech, you should reserve this way of saying “I’m sorry” in Japanese for written statements in emails or letters to work, school or other formal recipients. It’s also quite a sincere apology.

The word shazai means ‘apology’, and itashimasu is the Japanese humble form of suru. This phrase translates to “I’m sorry for my actions.”

**8. お許しください (o yurushi kudasai): Please forgive me.**

If you’re already familiar with the Japanese language, kudasai is used to make a request. The apology using お許しください (o yurushi kudasai) literally means, Please forgive me in Japanese. Unlike casual apologies, o yurushi kudasai carries a tone of earnestness and respect, making it suitable for situations where you want to show deep remorse and hope for understanding.

This can be both a formal and informal way to say sorry. If you want to use it to apologize to a friend or peer, you would say 許してください (yurushite kudasai).

**9. 反省しております (hansei shite orimasu): I regret (what I have done)**

The word 反省 means regret, and しております is the humble form of ~ている. Hansei can also be replaced by 後悔, but both are accepted as a heartfelt way to say sorry in Japanese: by showing regret. The phrases 反省しております (hansei shite orimasu) and 後悔しております (koukai shite orimasu) are heartfelt but polite ways to say sorry in Japanese.

You can switch the しております with しています to make the phrase less formal, but it’s unlikely you’ll use it in everyday situations.

10. 勘弁してください (かんべんしてください): Please show me mercy

This one might sound funny. No one in modern-day society asks someone to show “mercy” when they did something wrong unless they’re being threatened. The word kanben (勘弁) means ‘forgiveness’ or ‘pardon’, but it’s more intense than 許して (yurushite).

However, you’ve probably heard this in anime or drama. Don’t use it for half-urgent situations, because you might sound like you’re trying too hard to apologize.

11. 合わせる顔がない (あわせるかおがない): I cannot face you

This can also be read as “I am too embarrassed to face you.”

The expression can be used interchangeably with 弁解の余地がない, but it’s mostly used when apologizing via text or email, hence the “too embarrassed to face you” meaning.

12. べんかいの余地がない (benkai no yochi ga nai): There’s no excuse

べんかいの余地がない (benkai no yochi ga nai) translates to “there’s no excuse” or “I have no excuse.” It’s a formal yet heartfelt way to apologize, often used when you want to express sincere remorse for a serious mistake.

Like many formal Japanese apologies, you should reserve this for only the most dire situations, like when you have made a major error at work or in personal relationships.

Other Variations of “I’m Sorry” in Japanese

By now, you’re probably tired of us mentioning, “This phrase is not used to actually apologize.” In fact, most of the time you hear someone apologize in Japanese is unnecessary, as they’re not making a mistake of any sort.

Granted, the Japanese culture places great importance on avoiding inconvenience. Here are a couple of other ‘apologies’ that are considered polite to use as part of social etiquette.

1. 失礼します (shitsurei shimasu): Pardon me

The phrase “ 失礼します (shitsurei shimasu)” is used in a variety of contexts, although the meaning strays from its original use. The expression literally translates to “I’m being rude.” 失礼 means rude or impolite.

You don’t say this when you are in the wrong. Shitsurei shimasu is a form of apology when you’re trying to be polite or excuse yourself. For example, when you enter a room, you will knock and say “失礼します” to apologize for the interruption. If you have to answer an important phone call during a meeting or dinner, you will excuse yourself with 失礼します.

If you do want to use this phrase to say sorry, it’s best to use it in the past tense: shitsurei shimashita.

この間は、失礼しました.
Kono aida wa, shitsurei shimashita.
I am sorry for the other day.

Say you bumped into a coworker at the office whom you’re unfamiliar with and knocked the binder right out of his arms. While helping him pick it up, you’d say これは失礼しました.

An interesting use of of失礼しました is more commonly heard in the office situation, when you’re going inside the office and when you’re leaving your workplace. When you finish your tasks early, leaving your co-workers behind, you say:

お先に失礼します。
Osaki ni shitsureishimasu!
Sorry for leaving before everyone else!

For a more in-depth explanation of the Japanese business お先に失礼します (osaki ni shitsurei shimasu), head to this article.

2. お邪魔します(Ojama shimasu): Pardon the intrusion.

お邪魔します (ojama shimasu) literally means “pardon the intrusion.” While it’s not technically an apology phrase, it carries a similar nuance of politeness and consideration. The word 邪魔 means “hindrance” or “obstacle”. お邪魔します literally means, “I am intruding”, but in many contexts, this is interpreted as “Forgive me for intruding.”

When do you use ojama shimasu? Japanese people use it when they are visiting another person’s home or office room. When you’re leaving the room, you can also use its past tense.

お邪魔しました.
Ojama shimashita.
Pardon me for intruding (before).

Another way of reading this is as “Excuse me for disturbing you” or “Sorry for interrupting you.” It can also be used when calling someone on the phone.

Saying Sorry in Japanese for Specific Scenarios

Now that you’ve learned the different ways to say sorry in Japanese and when to use each phrase, let’s explore how to apply them in real-life situations

1. When you want to say thank you in Japanese

In Japanese, it’s quite common to use apology phrases like すみません (sumimasen) or 申し訳ありません (moushiwake arimasen) to express gratitude, especially when someone has gone out of their way to help you or caused some inconvenience on your behalf.

This usage might seem confusing at first because these phrases literally mean “I’m sorry,” but culturally, they also carry a sense of “thank you for the trouble” or “thank you for your effort.”

2. When you want to say “I’m sorry for your loss”

Though it’s not exactly an apology, expressing sympathy for someone’s loss is an important part of Japanese communication, just as it is anywhere else.

To offer condolences, a common phrase is ご愁傷様です (goshuushou-sama desu), which literally means “I’m sorry for your loss.” It’s a respectful and appropriate expression for many situations.

To further convey sincerity, you might add 心からお悔やみ申し上げます (Kokoro kara o-kuyami mōshiagemasu), which means “please accept my sincerest condolences.”

3. When you want to decline an offer

Another common reason to say sorry in Japan is when you’re offered something or invited somewhere but need to decline. Since it’s very polite to make an offer or invitation, simply saying “no” without any apology can come across as rude or inconsiderate.

Another situation where you might apologize is when you’re offered food but don’t want to eat it. Food and hospitality hold special meaning in Japan, so declining can feel delicate. In these cases, you can say すみません.

How to properly say sorry in Japanese: Manners and gestures

In Japan, apologizing goes far beyond just saying the words. You’ve probably seen politicians or public figures issue a formal apology speech and then finish with a deep, 90-degree bow. This gesture, known as ojigi (お辞儀), is a crucial part of expressing sincere regret in Japanese culture.

A light mistake may only require a simple nod of the head or a slight bow of about 15 degrees. However, for serious offenses — like causing a major loss to your company — a formal deep bow is expected. These bows can range from 30 to 90 degrees, with the depth reflecting how grave the situation is.
There is also an extreme form of apology called dogeza (土下座), where you kneel and bow deeply to the ground, showing the utmost humility. This gesture is rarely used in daily life today and is mostly seen in manga, anime, or historical contexts.

You may notice public figures and everyday people apologizing repeatedly. While not a strict rule, this repetition emphasizes sincerity and humility. Saying sorry multiple times helps show that the person truly acknowledges their mistake and regrets any inconvenience caused.

Conclusion: Master apologizing in Japanese

Alright! This guide is longer than we expected, but we just want to make sure we have everything covered. Now that you know the basics of apologizing in Japanese, make sure you’re ready for the appropriate response the next time you do something wrong — or right.

There’s a lot more to the list on how to say “I’m sorry” in Japanese. Like Japanese culture, we’re just scraping the surface. Learning the Japanese language that you can actually use in real life can be tricky. If you want to learn more, why not join Japanese lessons in Tokyo, or practice with an online Japanese tutor with Coto Academy?

If you are interested in learning with us, contact us here or fill out the application form.

FAQ

How do you say “I’m sorry” in Japanese?

You can say ごめんなさい (gomen nasai) to apologize sincerely.

What is sumimasen in Japanese?

すみません (sumimasen) means “I’m sorry,” “excuse me,” or “thank you” depending on context.

What is shitsurei shimasu in Japanese?

失礼します (shitsurei shimasu) means “excuse me” or “sorry for the interruption,” often used when entering or leaving a room.

What is moushiwake arimasen in Japanese?

申し訳ありません (moushiwake arimasen) is a very formal way to say “I’m truly sorry” or “I have no excuse.”

Japanese is considered to be one of the hardest languages to learn in the world. Studies have shown that on average, it takes about 2,200 classroom hours to learn Japanese on a proficient level, which is equivalent to 88 consecutive weeks. That being said, it remains one of the most fascinating and beautiful languages to learn as well.

So, if you have ever caught yourself thinking, “Why is Japanese so hard to learn?” you are not alone. This article breaks down the main reasons why the Japanese language may feel difficult and shares encouragement as well as practical tips to help you power through. Whether you are just starting or stuck mid-way, here is what makes Japanese so tough — but why it is still absolutely worth learning.

Is Japanese really a hard language to learn?

Yes, Japanese is considered a hard language to learn, but only if your native language is vastly different from Japanese. The Foreign Service Institute (FSI), which focuses on teaching languages and cultures to US diplomats and government officials, has a system that ranks languages based on how difficult they are to learn. FSI classified Japanese as a “Super-hard language.”

But you should take this with a grain of salt: FSI ranks languages based on how long native English speakers learn them. If you speak languages like Spanish, French, and Italian, among others that are in the same language family as English, the study hours are probably close to that.

This has numerous reasons, one of the biggest ones being that English and Japanese have very few words with a common etymological origin.

On the other hand, those who speak Chinese or Korean, or languages that come from similar roots to Japanese, can learn Japanese more quickly.

This is not to be mistaken that the Chinese and Korean languages originate from Japan. In fact, it’s Japanese and Korean that borrow words from the Chinese language. 50% of Japanese words come from Chinese.

Let’s compare “university” in Japanese, Korean, and Chinese.

Japanese	Chinese	Korean
大学 Daigaku	大学 Dàxué	대학교 daehaggyo

The Japanese, Chinese, and Korean words for university are not exactly the same, but there is a close phonetic resemblance between the three words. For reference, it takes 3,900 hours to study JLPT N1 without kanji knowledge. For students with kanji knowledge, it takes 2,150 hours of JLPT study to pass — almost half the time!

Reasons why learning Japanese is hard

1. Complex writing systems

The Japanese language is made up of 3 different writing systems. The hiragana, katakana, and kanji system all have their own characters and complexities, but are very necessary when learning the language.

Hiragana

Hiragana is usually the first writing system that you will encounter on your learning journey. In this system, the symbols represent whole syllables rather than individual sounds or words. In Japanese, words are made up of a combination of syllables, thus taking away the need for singular letter symbols. This system is the most traditional and dates back to the 9^th century.

Katakana

Katakana is very similar to hiragana when it comes to word formation. Once again, the symbols are meant to represent syllables; this system was mainly adopted in order to introduce syllables and sounds that were not originally part of the Japanese language. Most of the Katana symbols are inspired by those of the Hiragana system, making it easier to decipher.

Kanji

Kanji is usually the last system taught throughout the learning curve of the language, as it is the one with the most complexity. The symbols used were originally Chinese characters and made up the first writing system in Japan. Both hiragana and katakana are evolutions of this writing system. Rather than representing syllables and sounds, these symbols are meant to represent complete words or ideas on their own, meaning that there are approximately 50,000 kanji symbols to learn before fully mastering this system.

2. Grammar Differences from English

Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) Order

One of the first things English speakers notice while learning Japanese is the change in sentence structure. While the English language typically follows a Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) order — for example, “I eat sushi” — the Japanese language uses a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) pattern.

So, the same sentence we previously saw in English becomes: Watashi wa sushi o tabemasu, meaning “I sushi eat” in Japanese. This reversal often surprises learners and requires a shift in thinking. Adjusting to this word order takes time, but it is a fundamental part of mastering Japanese grammar.

English Word Order	Japanese Word Order
Subject + Verb + Object	Subject + Object + Verb

Let’s try to translate a Japanese sentence literally, based on its word order.

Subject	Subject Particle	Location	Location particle	Object	Object Particle	Verb
田中さん	は	喫茶店	で	コーヒー	を	飲んでいます。
Tanaka-san	wa	kissaten	de	koohii	o	nondeimasu
Tanaka		cafe	at	coffee		is drinking

Confusing, right? With time, you’ll get used to the sentence structure, but you might need time to adjust to it when translating whatever Japanese sentence you hear or see into your native language.

The Japanese language often omits the subject in a sentence if it is already clear from the context, which can lead to ambiguity and confusion for English speakers who are used to always including a subject.

私は公園へ行きます。
Watashi wa kouen e ikimasu.
I am going to the park.

Imagine that you are leaving the house, and your mom asks you where you are going. In this case, it’s obvious that your answer indicates yourself, and no one else. A correct sentence often does not require a subject in Japanese, since the subject is usually implied in the context of the conversation.

園へ行きます
kouen e ikimasu.
(I am) going to the park!

Japanese particles

In Japanese, small words called particles play a huge role in showing how each part of a sentence functions. These particles indicate the subject, object, direction, or even topic of a sentence. Because they carry so much meaning in such a small form, even tiny mistakes with particles can lead to big misunderstandings. Learning to use them correctly is a crucial step in becoming comfortable with Japanese.

Examples:

Wa: indicates the topic of a sentence
Ga: marks the subject of the sentence
Ni: indicates a point in time or direction
De: indicates the location of an action
Wo: marks the direct object of a verb

Verb conjugations and politeness

Japanese verbs change not only based on tense but also depending on the level of formality. There are multiple ways to say the same action depending on whether you are speaking casually with friends, politely to a stranger, or respectfully to someone of higher status. This can feel overwhelming at first, but it is all part of Japan’s nuanced communication style. A helpful tip for beginners is to start with the masu-form, which is the standard polite form, and gradually expand to casual or honorific forms later.

3. Politeness Levels and honorific language

why is japanese a hard language to learn?

Japanese is deeply rooted in social hierarchy, and the way you speak changes drastically depending on who you are talking to. This aspect of the language, also known as keigo (honorific speech), is divided into three main categories: teineigo (polite speech), sonkeigo (respectful speech), and kenjougo (humble speech). These are not just vocabulary swaps; they involve changes in verb conjugation, word choice, and even tone. Navigating these levels of formality is essential for effective and respectful communication in Japanese society.

Quick Tip: Do not feel pressured to master all forms of keigo at once. Focus first on polite speech (teineigo), and then gradually learn the reasoning behind honorific and humble expressions.

Read more about Japanese honorifics here.

4. Different pronunciation and pitch accents

At first glance, Japanese pronunciation seems relatively straightforward since there are fewer sounds compared to many other languages, and most syllables stay consistent. But the real challenge lies in pitch accent. Unlike English, which relies mostly on word stress, Japanese uses pitch to differentiate words that otherwise would sound identical.

For example, hashi can mean “bridge” (橋) with a high-low pitch pattern or “chopsticks” (箸) with a low-high pitch. These subtle differences are not always highlighted in textbooks but can lead to confusion if they are not understood.

Quick Tip: The best way to internalize pitch accent is simply by listening to native speakers and shadowing real conversations.

5. Cultural context embedded in language

Language and culture are closely intertwined, and this is especially true in the Japanese language. Directness is often avoided; people rarely say “no” outright. Instead, soft refusals such as “chotto…” (meaning “a little…”) are used to politely decline in Japanese while avoiding all confrontation. Japanese also relies heavily on context, so what is left unsaid can be just as important as what is spoken. This means learning Japanese is not just about memorizing vocabulary or grammar rules, but also about understanding the social cues and unspoken norms that guide communication skills in Japanese.

Quick Tip: To get a feel for these small changes, it can be really helpful to immerse yourself in Japanese media. For example, watching TV shows, anime, or dramas with subtitles helps you pick up on tone, timing, as well as the cultural nuances behind everyday language.

6. Learning and practice challenges

1. You cannot “Cram” Japanese

Unlike some fields that respond well to last-minute studying, Japanese is not one you can cram. Mastery in this skill comes from consistent, steady effort over time. This is especially true for memorizing kanji symbols and vocabulary, as they require daily review to truly stick.

Speaking practice with native speakers is just as important, not only for fluency, but for building confidence and a natural rhythm. Keep in mind that setbacks are to be expected; they are a normal part of learning this language. The key is patience and persistence. Progress may feel slower at times, but with regular practice, it can build up in really powerful ways.

2. Not Enough Immersion

Unless you live in Japan or attend an immersive school such as Coto Academy, finding chances to practice Japanese in real-world situations can be really tough. Classroom Japanese often focuses on polite, structured language rather than real-life speech, which is full of slang, casual phrasing, and nuances. What may sound natural in a textbook might come off as overly formal in a regular conversation.

Reading also presents its own unique challenges. For example, Japanese does not use spaces between words, which makes it tricky to separate and understand phrases at a glance. And then there are also loanwords that are borrowed from English but used in ways that can be confusing.

Quick Tip: To bridge the gap between the textbook and natural Japanese, it is helpful to immerse yourself in level-appropriate content such as NHK News Easy, manga, or graded readers. And in order to keep your speaking skills sharp, you can try online conversation lessons or join a Japanese-speaking community.

Ready to overcome the challenges of learning Japanese?

Join Coto Academy today and turn your Japanese learning challenges into achievements! At Coto Academy, we understand that Japanese can be tough, but with the right guidance, it becomes an exciting and rewarding journey. Our experienced teachers provide personalized lessons tailored to your level and goals, helping you master everything from kanji to conversation, honorifics to pitch accent.

Fill out the form below for a free Japanese level check and consultation!

FAQ

Why is Japanese considered the hardest language to learn?

Japanese is considered to be the hardest language because it involves complex writing systems, grammar vastly different from English, and cultural nuance that you cannot find in many other languages.

How long does it take to learn Japanese fluently?

According to the U.S. Foreign Service Institute, around 2,200 hours of study are needed to reach working fluency.

Is Japanese harder than Chinese or Korean?

While each language has unique challenges, Japanese is often seen as harder than Korean for its kanji and honorifics, but easier than Chinese in pronunciation.

What’s the hardest part of learning Japanese?

Most learners struggle with kanji and understanding when to use polite vs. casual speech.

Can I learn Japanese without living in Japan?

Yes, of course! Online classes, language partners, and immersion tools (such as those from Coto Academy) make it very possible to learn from anywhere.

English teaching in Japan is one of the most common jobs for foreigners, but other career fields and roles surprisingly don’t require a high level of Japanese. That said, you do need some level of basic-to-intermediate speaking skills to live comfortably in Japan.

While many jobs in Japan require fluency in Japanese, there are still plenty of opportunities available for non-Japanese speakers. Thanks to Japan’s increasing globalization and demand for international talent, you can now find jobs in industries like tech, hospitality, design, and more where little to no Japanese is required. In this article, we’ll explore 11 jobs you can land in Japan without needing Japanese fluency, and what you’ll need to get started.

Want to fast-track your career in Japan? Coto Academy’s 3-month Business Japanese Course is designed to help you master keigo (business Japanese) and improve workplace communication skills. Gain the confidence to speak professionally with colleagues and clients and open up new career opportunities!

Join 3-month Business Course

Can I Really Work in Japan Without Knowing Any Japanese?

The short answer is yes, you can get a job without needing Japanese, and that job doesn’t have to be an English teacher.

You might have more limited options, and your opportunities depend largely on your skills and the current job market trend. The IT industry, for example, is one of the largest industries in the Japanese economy. The Japan Times estimated that the country would face a shortage of 600,000 IT-related professionals by 2030. A lot of companies are eager to hire foreign IT workers as a solution. If you have a background or knowledge in tech, recruiters in top companies are willing to hire you from overseas and sponsor your stay in Japan, even if you don’t necessarily have a high level of Japanese language skills.

It’s relatively easy to get accepted as an English teacher, ALT, and eikaiwa teacher if you come from an English-speaking country. There are plenty of opportunities in a lot of industries, even if you only speak English. In fact, a lot of foreigners, who’ve lived here for more than 10 years, can’t speak Japanese.

There’s a catch, though: you’re closing a lot of doors if you don’t bother to learn at least conversational-level Japanese. Live here long enough, and eventually, you will realize that you can miss out on getting promotions and attractive job offers.

Even a decent conversational level or the ability to speak Japanese confidently (which is the focus of Coto Academy), can widen your job opportunities. Even if that job doesn’t require Japanese, showing that you are learning will give you a good impression and open more career opportunities.

English-speaking Jobs in Japan With No Japanese Required

We’ll be covering jobs that fall under the Engineer/Humanities visa, or the 技術/人文知識/国際業務 (gijutsu/jinbun-chishiki/kokusai-gyoumu). Most professional jobs fall under this category because they include fields like human resources, accounting, tech, marketing, and sales.

What we won’t cover are the jobs under the Specified Skills Visa, or 特定技能ビザ (tokutei ginou bisa). The type of jobs you do on this type of visa are work-related tasks, like construction, automobile maintenance, food service, hospitality, and nursing care. We won’t be recommending blue-collar and part-time jobs.

1. Recruiter and Consultant Job in Japan

A career at an international consulting firm in Japan is attractive to foreigners for a few reasons. Generally, even if you are a fresh graduate, you will still receive a higher base salary.

It’s also one of the most popular options for foreigners who want to change their careers. This is because it’s possible to become a recruiter without any prior experience or relevant background. You don’t need a relevant degree like human resources, psychology, or communication, although that’s always a plus point. Instead, hiring managers and recruiting companies decide on the right candidate based on their soft skills: negotiation, strong communication, confidence, and critical thinking.

Most of all, you don’t need Japanese language ability to be a recruiter. Most of your clients will be bilingual, and most of the consulting firm’s databases are managed in English. In fact, you should be able to speak it well, because negotiations are done in English.

The life of a consultant is coveted and competitive. Rather than HR, think of recruiters as a sales job. To be a top biller, you need to be able to thrive under pressure and in a fast-paced environment. But it’s extremely rewarding, too.

The annual starting salary is typically 3.6 million JPY, but the number can go up depending on the size and contract of your company. Keep in mind that this doesn’t include your bonuses yet. If you perform well, you can easily double and triple your income.

Top consulting firms in Japan are Robert Walters, Michael Page and Hays, but you will also find mid to smaller-sized recruitment companies.

You can also be an internal recruiter for global and international companies, so always check the “Careers” page of your dream company. There might be an open position for talent acquisition specialists in Japan.

2. Creative and Marketing Roles in Japan

With Japan’s growth as both a travel destination and an economic hub, many companies are now turning their attention to previously untapped markets: global and non-Japanese audiences. Some are expanding their brand presence overseas, while others are adapting their services for foreigners living in Japan, creating demand for skilled professionals who can localize and market effectively in either (or even both!) directions.

As a result, depending on the company, you might see a demand for international talent that can focus on global outreach. Marketing and advertising agencies in Japan like Humble Bunny, which is an expert in helping companies localize for the Japanese market, actively seek bilingual or English-speaking marketers or project managers to help bridge cultural and communication gaps.

3. Real Estate Jobs in Japan

To buy a house, invest in a property, or hunt for an apartment, you have to deal with real estate agents and go through rigorous procedures — all in Japanese. In 2020, the country recorded 2.89 million foreigners living here, so there was high demand for English-speaking housing agents.

Now, a lot of real estate companies provide multilingual support, including English. Some of them exclusively specialize in handling foreign clients.

There was a high demand for English-speaking housing agents in Japan. In 2020, the country recorded 2.89 million foreigners living here, and a big chunk of them have trouble going to the typical Japanese real estate company. With travel restrictions and borders easing, we can expect a surge of newcomers and returning international residents.

Now, you can find real estate agencies that specialize in finding an apartment for foreigners, which is where you can come in. Usually, experience in real estate brokerage transactions is preferred, but a lot of companies welcome candidates with relevant experience.

Another attractive feature is the commission system, too. Top salespeople can earn up to 20 million JPY as compensation.

4. English Teaching Jobs in Japan

The first thing that comes to mind when you put “English” and “jobs in Japan” together is “English teacher”. In order to teach English in Japan, you will need to have a Bachelor’s degree, but it doesn’t have to be relevant to education. Teaching certifications, like the TEFL, are preferred but generally not required.

You can’t group all English teachers the same.

1. ALT (Assistant Language Teacher)

More than half of the English teachers in Japan are ALTs. As an ALT, you’re not in charge of teaching the whole class. Rather, you’re working with the Japanese teacher at the school you’re assigned to. Your role is to become the language instructor and “cultural ambassador”.

You don’t need any educational license, master’s degree or relevant education degree to be an ALT.

2. Eikaiwa Teacher

Eikaiwa is an English conversation school, and the students can either be children or adults. The word “Eikaiwa” stems from 英 or “Ei” (English) and 会話 or “Kaiwa” (Conversation). Giant Eikaiwa companies include NOVA, ECC, AEON, Berlitz or Peppy Kids Club.

3. Private school or university teacher

Salaries for ALT and Eikawa teachers are decent, but not the best. In terms of a career within the education industry in Japan, becoming a full-time teacher at a private school or university is your best bet to nail a higher salary and better career progression.

There are over 700 universities in Japan, and some of them have an English learning program. Schools will often require you to have at least a master’s degree in education, alongside TEFL or TESOL, and even prior teaching experience.

Other than the above, you can become an English teacher for adults or for kindergartens.

Here are some popular job sites to search for English:

4. One Coin English

Some English-teaching jobs are also available on a part-time basis. Schools like One Coin English, which provide English conversation lessons, offer part-time positions, meaning you can work while studying Japanese or job hunting for other full-time positions. They have locations across Tokyo, including Iidabashi and Shibuya.

5. IT and Tech Engineer Jobs in Japan

There’s no denying that Japan is facing an IT shortage, so having a background in IT can seriously make you a sought-after candidate. You can find more than 100 programming jobs on job platforms like LinkedIn and Glassdoor alone, and it’s easy to see why. Japan’s IT industry takes about 3% of the world market, and all companies, regardless if they’re traditional Japanese or international, need web designers, developers, and IT professionals.

Because of this lopsided supply-demand IT job market situation, requirements for the Japanese language are relatively low, sometimes none at all. Startup and unicorn companies like Mercari and Zehitomo hire tech engineers from overseas. Japanese technology group NEC partnered with Persol Career and has provided an app that matches companies in Japan with Indian tech engineers.

Tokyo Dev, one of the leading IT job sites in Japan, did a survey of more than 435 software engineers living in Japan. The average salary is 8.5 million yen per year, which is almost half more than what the average worker in Japan makes (6.2 million yen).

Out of all of them, only a third can speak Japanese fluently, and 80% of these employees use English as the primary language to communicate with their coworkers.

Note that even though there is a big pool of vacant engineering and tech positions, the roles are still coveted. You will need to be adept in JavaScript, HTML/CSS, and Python (all common coding languages), but some corporations may use TypeScript, C++, and SQL.

Here are some popular job sites that are specifically for IT and tech-related roles in Japan:

We’ve created a separate article dedicated to listing the best IT job sites in Japan .

6. Hospitality Jobs in Japan

In 2019 (pre-COVID), Japan recorded 8 million overseas travelers. Urban centers like Tokyo and famous holiday destinations are generally more foreign-friendly. Besides English-speaking Japanese staff, some hotels will have native customer support employees: front desk agents, chefs, PR staff, and general managers. If you can bring relevant experience and background to the table, check out the job listings on Career Cross and Daijob.

Another great way to look for job vacancies is by exploring the career section of each company’s website. Global hotel chains will also do internal transfers or approach prospective candidates themselves.

7. Customer Service Positions in Japan

Responsibilities of a customer service staff include resolving customer queries, recommending solutions, and guiding service users through features and functionalities. To be successful in this role, you should be an excellent communicator. Generally, Japan-based companies favor bilingual customer service, but if you’re a mid-career professional, there are open positions that require little Japanese: supervisors, site directors, managers.

If a company deals with a large volume of foreign customers, it may hire. You can find customer service job advertisements in Japan in recruitment agencies like Michael Page, Hays, and Robert Walters.

Check out some of the more popular bilingual recruitment agencies in Japan.

8. Graphic, Product, or Creative Designer Career in Japan

Designers are also in high-demand jobs in Japan at the moment. Whether it’sa UI/UX specialist, a graphic designer, or a product designer, your main selling point will be your hard skills and portfolio. General requirements include knowledge of Photoshop and Illustrator, but some companies may require advanced skills in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript (depending on the position). You can find more job listings on Google.

9. Study Abroad Staff in Japan

Currently, Japan is restricting the number of foreign students who can enter from their home countries (subject to change). The industry might be in a lull right now, but things are starting to pick back up.

Usually, you can go and live in Japan as a student in two ways: independent application, where you find a university and apply directly, or through an agent. Companies like Coto School Finder help foreign students apply for a school in a Japanese language school and a student visa. Besides that, they provide additional support, like helping you find an apartment or share a house.

Because they are dealing with international students, these agencies are not just looking for English-speaking staff, but native Korean, French, Chinese, Vietnamese, and Italian student coordinators, too.

Universities in Japan with an English track program — or at least those that deal with a large volume of foreign students — will also hire foreigners to manage their students.

Where to Find Jobs in Japan that Don’t Require Japanese

The best chance to get a career in Japan that doesn’t require high Japanese skills is through browsing job posting sites and hiring platforms like LinkedIn, GlassDoor, Jobs in Japan, Career Cross, and GaijinPot Jobs. Check out some of the best foreigner-friendly job hunting sites in Japan for more options.

Besides that, we recommend that you do your own research. Find out about the industry and look for companies that you might like. Visit their website. Most companies have a designated Careers page (“Work with Us”, “Careers”).

If you have more years of experience in your pocket working in a niche industry (like healthcare, automotive, or infrastructure), approach a recruiter. They deal with highly specialized positions that are often mid-career or even at C-levels, so you have a better chance of being matched with a potential job in a top company that is willing to negotiate your terms and salary.

Want to Boost Your Career in Japan? Take Japanese Lessons at Coto Academy

While there are jobs in Japan besides English teaching, your options might still be limited. The best way to boost your career prospects in Japan is by improving your Japanese skills!

Why not take Japanese lessons at Coto Academy and open more doors for your career? With locations in Shibuya, Yokohama, and online, our classes are designed to fit the busy schedules of working professionals. Discover how we can help you achieve your Japanese language goals. If you’re unsure where to start, we offer a free Japanese level check to guide you on the right path.

FAQ

Can I get a job in Japan if I don’t speak Japanese?

Yes, it’s possible to find jobs in Japan that don’t require Japanese, especially in industries like IT, design, hospitality, and international sales. However, your options may be more limited compared to fluent speakers, and most of these roles are in global companies or startups.

What kind of jobs in Japan don’t require Japanese?

Jobs in tech (like software engineering, UI/UX design), translation/localization (for your native language), content creation, digital marketing, international customer support, and even certain hospitality roles at international hotels may not require Japanese.

Do I need a visa to work in Japan without speaking Japanese?

Yes, you’ll still need a valid work visa. Most companies that hire non-Japanese speakers will sponsor your visa if you meet the job and education requirements. Common visa types include the Engineer/Specialist in Humanities/International Services visa.

How can I find jobs in Japan that don’t require Japanese?

You can check job boards like Japan Dev, GaijinPot Jobs, Jobs in Japan, and LinkedIn. Filtering for “No Japanese Required” or “English-only” will help narrow down your search.

Where can I study Business Japanese?

You can study Business Japanese with Coto Academy. Coto offers flexible Business Japanese courses designed for working professionals, covering everything from keigo (honorific language) to real-world business situations like meetings, emails, and presentations.

Want to work in Japan? You might like related content like:

If you are a mid-career professional or higher seeking new opportunities in Japan, bilingual recruitment services can be a valuable resource.

Recruitment agencies in Japan are external firms hired by employers to find the right candidates for their job vacancies. Oftentimes, companies use recruitment agencies rather than internal hiring because it saves them time, resources, and even money. This is because recruitment consultants can filter the right job seekers for specific positions, have a broader network of prospective candidates (meaning they already have a decent database of talent), and are more familiar with the job market and industry trends.

Recruitment consultants handle all of the paperwork and other formalities, and liaise with your new employer to make sure everything is in place for your first day and beyond. They can even negotiate your salary for you and make sure you get the best package out there. Consultants are paid by the employers and receive their fee based on whether they’ve successfully started in a role. This means that, as the prospective candidate, you shouldn’t pay for their services.

But which recruiters are the best in Japan right now? Check out these top bilingual recruitment agencies!

Want to fast-track your career in Japan? Coto Academy’s 3-month Business Japanese Course is designed to help you master keigo (business Japanese) and improve workplace communication skills. Gain the confidence to speak professionally with colleagues and clients, navigate meetings, and open up new career opportunities!

Join 3-month Business Japanese Course

What is a Bilingual Recruitment Agency?

Bilingual recruitment in Japan refers to hiring professionals who are fluent in both Japanese and another language, typically English, to work in roles that require cross-cultural communication or global business operations.

As more Japanese companies expand globally, and more foreign companies enter the Japanese market, there’s a growing need for professionals who can bridge language and cultural gaps, especially in industries like IT, finance, consulting, and customer support.

Most bilingual roles require business-level Japanese (N2 or N1 on the JLPT) and fluent English. Some positions may accept conversational Japanese (N3) if English is the primary working language.

Why Use a Recruitment Agency in Japan?

Recruitment consultants, especially those based in Tokyo (or big cities in Japan like Osaka), usually possess extensive knowledge of the local market. They’re highly skilled in filtering and sourcing candidates. They will usually collaborate with job seekers to ensure that you are completely well-advised as you move forward in your career.

They will take the time to understand your background, needs, goals, and preferences to match you with the right opportunity. Most of the time, they will guide you through every step of the screening process, too.

In other words, even though they mostly work on behalf of their clients, they can act as your personal career advisor — something you might need when you are making one of the most important decisions in your life.

A thing to keep in mind is that these vacant jobs are less likely to be entry-level and generic, as recruiters are paid to source hard-to-fill jobs. With that said, if you’d like some help in your job search, you can reach out to recruiters to see if they can match you with a job. Most — if not all — of these recruitment firms in Japan use English as their primary language, which makes it even more convenient for English-speaking job seekers to ask for advice and consultations for the right career moves.

Looking for a job hunting site? Check out: 10 Trusted Job Hunting Websites in Japan

1. Robert Walters

*Image courtesy of Robert Walters Japan.*

Robert Walters is one of the bigger bilingual recruitment agencies in Japan, with offices in Tokyo and Osaka. They specialize in recruitment for permanent, contract, and interim roles across all professional disciplines, including IT, marketing, sales, healthcare, supply chain management, and legal. Robert Walters Japan particularly focuses on permanent and contract recruitment solutions. They work with international clients, ranging from multi-national corporations and Fortune 500s to SMEs and start-ups.

Their teams are divided based on specialized fields to find candidates who are not typically found in the job market. We work with a diverse range of clients around the world.

Website: www.robertwalters.co.jp/en/

2. Michael Page

Image courtesy of Michael Page.

Michael Page specializes in the recruitment of mid to senior positions for top employers. Their Japan office is divided into three specialized disciplines: recruitment for multinational corporations (gaishi), Japanese corporations (nikkei), and temporary or contract employment. They employ industry specialists who can give you sage advice in your job search and help you find the perfect fit. If you’re an executive or looking for a job higher up on the corporate ladder, then their page PageExecutive might be more your speed. They, too, have extensive resources for improving your job search.

Website: www.michaelpage.co.jp/en

3. Robert Half

Image courtesy of Robert Half.

Robert Half pioneered specialized recruitment services and provides recruitment solutions for businesses and finance, accounting, financial services, technology, and administrative professionals. Having adapted to the new teleworking trend, they have dedicated some of their operations to assisting job seekers and candidates in finding remote work.

Website: www.roberthalf.jp/en

4. Hays

Image courtesy of Hays.

With over 20 years in Japan and 50 years worldwide, Hays is a reliable and established recruitment consultancy in Japan. This recruitment agency offers “an unrivaled suite of recruitment and workplace solutions”. They have the knowledge and expertise to help you take the next step in your career. They also provide a great number of resources for improving your job interviews in Japan, CVs, and progressing your career.

Website: www.hays.co.jp/en/home

5. Specialized Group

Unlike the other recruitment firms we mentioned, which have branches outside Japan, Specialized Group is a mid-sized recruitment agency based only in Tokyo. They focus on executive search for international businesses in Japan. Their consultants are well-trained and experienced and have good connections with lots of Japanese companies. As a Japanese company themselves, they can provide unique insight into the working culture in Japan.

They cover comprehensive industries, ranging from infrastructure and robots to consumer goods and real estate. Their biggest discipline, however, is in positions related to tech and IT.

Website: www.specialized-group.com/en

6. RGF Professional Recruitment

RGF Professional Recruitment Japan is part of the bilingual recruitment Recruit Group, Asia’s largest recruiting and information service company. They partner with both multinational companies and domestic businesses to provide market-leading bilingual talent for specialist and managerial positions.

The company covers all business sectors, with management teams specializing in various industries. Bilingual professionals in Japan looking to further grow their careers are free to seek advice (and open positions) from their experienced consultants. They’ll want to take the time to understand your background, needs, and goals to accurately match you with the right opportunity.

Website: www.rgf-professional.jp/en/

7. Build+ (Previously Wahl+Case)

Build++Rebrand+Blog+Social+Image — *Image courtesy of Build+*

Previously operating as Wahl+Case, the recruitment company was acquired by SHIFT in May 2023 and rebranded itself as Build+. Build+ is different from most of the other agencies, as they specialize in the tech industry. Because of their decision to focus on one industry, Build+ is much better at guiding you through the tech world. They work with a lot of recognizable brands like Netflix and Spotify, and a lot of startups.

Their consultants are very knowledgeable and experienced in the tech industry and are sure to provide you with some valuable insights. They also offer resources that are very relevant to tech positions.

Website: buildplus.io/

Want more tech-related jobs? Check out: Best IT Job Sites in Japan

8. Cornerstone Recruitment Japan

Although a new recruitment company in Japan (they were established in 2019), Cornerstone Japan has been growing its network of Tokyo-based clients and candidates. Their consultants are experienced in giving both sides access to guidance and expertise on the Tokyo job market.

Cornerstone Recruitment Japan focuses on placing bilingual, mid-career professionals across all sectors. Their retained service is particularly successful for clients with high-profile or critical hiring needs or niche searches.

Website: www.cornerstone.jp/

9. Morgan McKinley

Morgan McKinley is a very reliable and recognized recruitment agency. They’re a very trusted brand that has provided quality service to both companies and job hunters. They are much more dedicated to providing the human element to their process and will discuss with you both your career plans and goals, as well as provide honest feedback to help you accomplish them. They cover a large number of industries and provide more resources than anywhere else on this list, including top interview questions and salary reviews.

Website: www.morganmckinley.com/jp

10. JAC

Another major recruitment firm in Japan, JAC Recruitment, primarily focuses on domestic recruitment for Japanese candidates but has expanded significantly over the years. Their JAC International division specializes in search and placement services tailored to professional careers in multinational companies. Additionally, they offer placement services outside Japan, such as global talent sourcing and overseas job opportunities for bilingual professionals.

Website: www.jac-international.jp

Open more doors in Japan by learning Japanese at Coto Academy!

The best way to find a job in Japan is to open up more opportunities, and learning Japanese is key. Improve your chances by mastering Business Japanese at Coto Academy, where we help you confidently navigate the workplace and unlock new career doors.

Get a free level check and course consultation by filling out the contact form below!

Want to work in Japan? Check out our work-related series:

FAQ

Do bilingual recruitment agencies charge job seekers?

No. In Japan, recruitment services are free for job seekers. Agencies are paid by the hiring company after a successful placement.

How can I increase my chances of getting hired in Japan?

Improve your Japanese language skills, tailor your resume and cover letter for the Japanese market, and work with a reputable bilingual recruitment agency that understands your background and goals.

What are the best industries for bilingual professionals in Japan?

Top industries include tech, finance, e-commerce, tourism, education, and global consulting, where both Japanese and English communication are essential.

What are the top billingual recruitment agencies in Japan?

Coto Work is a top bilingual recruitment agency in Japan that helps Japanese-English speakers find jobs in engineering, logistics, and business roles, alongside other leading firms like RGF, JAC International, and Morgan McKinley.

Should I use recruitment service in Japan?

If you’re a mid-career professional or bilingual, using a recruitment service in Japan can significantly boost your job search by connecting you with opportunities that match your skills and language abilities.

Is recruitment service in Japan free?

If you’re a candidate, remember that you should never pay a recruiter. Professional recruitment services in Japan charge the employer for successful placements, not the job seeker.

Now that you have landed a job interview in Japan, you must be wondering what manners you need to know. Understandably, you might be nervous since interviews are when you need to put your best foot forward. So, how should you present yourself in front of your potential employers?

As you may know, Japan places a high value on manners, humility, and understanding of social cues. Just like showcasing your abilities, your impressions of your employers are just as essential. In order to ensure you’re prepared, we have broken down everything you need to know about job interview manners and etiquette in Japan.

Want to boost your career in Japan? Coto Academy’s 3-month Business Japanese Course is designed to help you master keigo (business Japanese) and improve workplace communication skills. Gain the confidence to speak with clients, navigate meetings, and open up new career opportunities!

Join 3-month Business Japanese Course

How are Japanese job interviews different from other countries?

a woman being interviewed by 2 japanese people

A Japanese job interview is more formal and structured than in many other countries, emphasizing etiquette, group harmony, long-term commitment, and humility over individual assertiveness or achievements.

Throughout this article, you will probably pick up on many similarities and differences between Japanese interviews and those in your home country. Like everywhere else, in an interview, you want to present the best of who you are and what you can bring. So, that means being respectful, listening well, and giving your interviewers a great impression.

However, in Japan, the etiquette for job interviews might reflect how Japan’s work culture is different from the West overall. Unlike in countries like the U.S., Japanese interviews have strict etiquette rules, such as knocking exactly three times and using specific phrases when entering, sitting, and leaving. So, to give the best impression, understanding proper etiquette will be essential, such as when to bow, what to say at what time, and even how to enter interview rooms.

What to prepare before your Japanese job interview

Japanese job etiquette starts with preparation, from how to dress and what to bring. Even if the job doesn’t require any Japanese, if you’re interviewing with a Japanese company, you may still need to know Japanese interview manners.

Dressing for your interview in Japan

The dress code for interviews in Japan will depend on the role type, company, and seniority. Sometimes interviewers will explicitly say you can dress casually for the interview. Also tech start-ups tend to boast more causal atmospheres, so a suit won’t hurt but you might be overdressed!

When a dress code is not specified or if you are unsure, as a general rule of thumb, you should always dress formally. That generally means a full suit and dress shirt or blouse. Colors should be muted and not too loud as the formal dress code in Japan should be uniform and not stand out. Below, we go into further detail about the dress code between men and women:

dress code etiquette for interviews in japan

For men, the general dress code is a full suit with darker colors and a dress shirt.

Suit jacket and pants with black, blue, or darker colors to be safe. Japanese culture, especially in work, should be about how you fit into the workplace. So wearing colors to stand out is not ideal.
A nice tie that is also preferably dark and matches your suit. Your tie should also not stand out either, so you may want to opt out of ties with bright colors.
White or light-colored button-up shirt, shirt should be rather neutral and contrast with the darker colors of your jacket.
Black or brown shoes, and leather shoes are the most common but non-leather formal shoes are also acceptable.

For women, a full suit with either pants or a nice skirt is considered acceptable

Suit Jacket with black, blue, or darker colors. As mentioned earlier, Japanese culture is more about fitting in, especially in a formal setting. So, avoid wearing colors that stand out.

Light-colored blouse or button-up shirt that won’t contrast with your jacket and pants or skirt.
Darker-colored skirts or pants. The color should be the same as your jacket.
Darker colored heels under 5 cm, you don’t want to wear heels that are too high since they generally stand out.
Simple and natural make-up is considered professional in Japan.

What to bring to your Japanese job interview

Oftentimes, you don’t need to bring anything since you probably already sent over documents through email communication. However, just to be safe, keep the following things:

Japanese resume or rirekisho since they could ask you to provide your own copy that is up-to-date and keep it for internal records. You probably won’t need to bring your cover letter if you wrote one.
Residence Card, Passport, or some kind of ID, since they may want to check your visa status and also have your official identification for internal processes. If the role needs you to drive, you should also bring your driver’s license to show you are qualified to drive in Japan.
Note pad in case you need to take notes or jot down information, which could include important dates, details about the role or company, and anything else you might want to reference.
Pen for filling out any documents, paperwork, tests, or taking notes.
A professional bag or something to keep documents, business cards, and other things you receive from the interviewer.
A hanko/inkan (signature stamp) if you have one, since Japanese companies may need you to stamp documents. Usually, this will only be necessary for the actual offer contract.

Etiquette for arriving at a Japanese job interview

Etiquette in Japanese interviews is not just about what you do during the interview but also about punctuality and being prepared.

When to arrive at the office

Punctuality is a part of Japanese interview etiquette, so you should try to arrive around 10 to 15 minutes before your interview. If your train or bus is delayed (we know it happens), just let your interviewers, or person of contact, know with a quick message. To be safe you can grab a Densha Chien Shoumeisho (電車遅延証明書), which is a little piece of paper providing evidence that your line was delayed.

A little tip about online interviews in Japan: You should try to be in the online meeting room around 5 minutes before it starts. Punctuality is also taken seriously for online interviews, so it is best to be a little early since being a little late

Arriving at the interview location

When you arrive at the office, there might be a phone or a receptionist whom you can inform of your name and time of the scheduled interview. You will probably wait briefly in the lobby before being led to a meeting room.

When entering the interview room, there is a sequence of steps you take to show proper manners:

Knock 3 times and wait for a response
When entering, say 失礼します(shitsureishimasu) and close the door gently
Greet them with a bow and a brief self-introduction はじめまして、__ともうします(hajimemashite __to moushimasu) which means something like, “nice to meet you, my name is __”
You will be offered a seat, but before sitting again, say “shitsurei shimasu”
Take off your jacket, and if you have a bag, place it somewhere next to you (like another chair), but do not place it on a table.

Quick Tip: Make sure your phone is on silent mode or turned off! You don’t want the interview to be interrupted by an alarm, an incoming phone call, or anything else your phone might do. It could also come off as rude.

Common Japanese job interview manners

So, now we will go over common etiquette to follow throughout the interview, including posture, language, and brief self-introductions.

Using keigo

Generally, you should speak in keigo especially if the role you’re applying for requires business-level Japanese. In many cases, teineigo or the desu and masu form is sufficient. However, try to avoid very casual language or overly direct language.

Like in interviews in other countries, keep general interview etiquette in mind, sound excited to join, and ask questions about the company. Avoid going straight to discussions about salary as this will not give off the best impression. Check out some useful phrases used in Japanese job interviews.

If you want to improve and practice business Japanese, please check out Coto Academy’s Business Japanese Courses.

Body language and posture

You may be nervous during your interview, and that’s okay! Try to relax and be yourself and focus on being sincere and answering each interview question honestly. Don’t overthink. Sit straight and look confident. Here are just a few tips to give off the best impression possible:

1. Avoid crossing your arms and legs

This could give off a somewhat disrespectful impression.

2. Avoid slouching

This also doesn’t give the best impression. It can make you look like you are not too serious about the company and may even affect your confidence, or at least how it’s portrayed.

3. Maintain eye contact

You want to give the interviewer your undivided attention and show you are valuing their time.

4. Keep your hands on your lap or above the table if there is one

You want to avoid putting your hands in your pockets or ending up crossing your arms. There are no specific rules but you don’t want to fall into habits that could unintentionally diminish the impression you want to give.

5. Be sincere and answer honestly

This is probably the most important aspect of the impression you will have on your interviewers. They just want to know if your background and personality will be a good fit for the company. So, let your sincerity take the lead here.

6. Don’t be afraid to ask for further clarification

There may be times when they speak rather fast or go through something that you didn’t quite catch. People might hesitate to ask to clarify or have the interviewer repeat themselves but don’t worry it’s not rude and it shows your sincere interest in understanding the company better.

7. Be natural!

This may sound obvious but often we find ourselves overthinking and trying to do everything perfectly. All you’re trying to do is show how you are as a person to work with. So, just be yourself and show that you are sincerely interested in the company.

Introducing yourself during the job interview

a man in the middle of an interview session

You may have introduced yourself earlier in the job interview, but when they ask you to introduce yourself after everyone has settled in, the interview questioning has begun. So, you will need to provide a longer self-introduction that generally includes the following:

Your name and age.
When you came to Japan and how long you have been here.
Your current university or when you graduated from university. You should also include your major and what you studied. If you already have work experience, you should focus more on the roles you have done.
Your most recent work or internship experience.
A brief description discussing why you applied for the company.
Briefly mention hobbies or something about yourself

For more details about making an amazing self-introduction, read our introduction to jikoshoukai blog!

How to wrap up your job interview in Japan

Even if you’re at the end of your interview, you should not throw all etiquette out the window! Japanese interviews do not end until you walk out the door. So, once the interviewer announces that everything has concluded, you can remain seated and bow, saying ありがとうございます (arigatou gozaimasu).

Afterward, you will generally follow these customs:

They will give you a business card which you must take with both hands and then place neatly in your bag. Exchanging business cards is a serious ordeal in Japan. You can read more about how to exchange meishi here.
When you are ready to leave, you can stand up and bow, then you head to the door turn around and bow again saying 失礼します (shitsureishimasu)
Close the door quietly after leaving.
It is not uncommon for interviewers or receptionists to walk you to the door or elevator, and right before you depart, you can say thank you again, followed by 「失礼します」while bowing.

What questions are they going to ask in Japanese interviews? Find out about key questions you are likely going to be asked in Japanese interviews!

Conclusion: Japanese Interview Etiquette is about Good Impressions

It’s normal to be nervous about doing Japanese job interviews, especially in a foreign country like Japan. Focus on being yourself and highlighting the best parts of you!

We hope you can use this guide to be aware of common Japanese etiquette to enhance your impression of your potential employers. We know job hunting is already difficult even without the extra rules of interview manners, but as you keep practicing, it’ll become second nature to you!

If you want to practice business Japanese, sign up for Coto’s Business Japanese classes where you do mock interviews and practice speaking Japanese for work!

FAQ

When should I arrive at a Japanese Job interview?

It is proper etiquette to arrive sometime between 5 and 15 minutes before the interview begins. You do not want to be too early or too late.

What should I wear for Japanese interviews?

The common etiquette is a dark suit and tie for men and for women a blouse, jacket, and dress skirt or pants.

How long are Japanese interviews usually?

Interviews usually range from 30 minutes to 1 hour. They can go on for longer depending on how much time the interviewers have and how quickly you go through the questions.

What is considered rude in a Japanese interview?

Quite a few things could be considered rude, such as arriving late, wearing inappropriate clothes, putting your feet on the furniture, and using casual language. Just keep general manners in mind, dress for the occasion, and show respect for your interviewers, such as using polite language.

How can I best impress my interviewers?

Understanding and displaying proper Japanese etiquette will give a great impression to the interviewers. But just as importantly, you should show your sincerity and passion for the role and company.

What is interview in Japanese?

“Interview” in Japanese is 面接 (mensetsu), commonly used for job or school interview.

Business Japanese can almost feel like an entirely different language. When you first start learning it, it might seem like you’re starting Japanese from scratch all over again. However, once you become familiar you’ll notice that there are a handful of common corporate-specific Japanese words used repeatedly.

For some, business Japanese phrases might seem unimportant or something only advanced learners need to know. But if you plan to work in Japan or communicate with Japanese clients someday, it’s best to start learning these phrases as early as possible. To help you get started, we’ve gathered around 15 essential phrases that will guide you in navigating Japanese business culture and speaking appropriately in an office setting.

Join 3-month Business Japanese Course

Using Keigo in the Japanese Business Environment

The Japanese business language is fundamentally based on keigo (honorific language). This is often why many people struggle to understand service staff when they first arrive in Japan, even if they have studied Japanese. Essentially, keigo consists of special verb conjugations and expressions used to speak humbly about yourself or respectfully honor others.

There are 3 main forms of keigo:

Teineigo (丁寧語): The most basic form, basically the です (desu) and ます (masu) conjugation.
Sonkeigo (尊敬語): Language used to show respect when speaking about the listener. It elevates the status of the other person by using special verbs, expressions, and conjugations.
Kenjougo (謙譲語): Language used to show humility when speaking about yourself. It is used to lower the speaker’s own position or actions in order to show respect towards the other party.

We have a detailed breakdown of Japanese Keigo if you need a further introduction. For now, we will discuss the keigo you might notice in our list of business phrases:

Common Keigo In Business

So, here are common keigo conjugations that you might find in the phrases on this list.

Standard/Textbook Form	Keigo	English
する suru	致す itasu	To do
いる iru	おります orimasu	Exist / is there / present
まらう morau / あげる ageru	頂きます itadakimasu	Receive / give

What Is Business Japanese?

How is business Japanese different from standard Japanese? Generally speaking, business Japanese refers to a very polite and formal form of Japanese (sonkeigo and kenjougo) since that is ideal for business situations. In Japan, social hierarchy is very important and within your company, it is important to show respect to your superiors. But also when dealing with clients, you often use language that holds them in higher regard to show appreciation for their time and consideration in working with you.

Keigo can be used outside of business, perhaps to your coach, martial arts instructor, mayor, president, or anyone who is in a higher social position. While business Japanese mostly uses keigo, not every phrase commonly used in business is necessarily keigo.

So, the Japanese business phrases on this list are just common expressions you can use for business settings (keigo or not). However, many of the phrases on this list could work for other contexts beyond business.

If you would like to practice Business Japanese, please check out our Business Japanese courses!

Useful Japanese Business Phrases

We felt that these were some of the most useful and common Japanese business phrases to pick up for working in Japan. Unfortunately, there is no great English equivalent for many of these phrases, but they do have specific uses. So, we will describe their specific uses so you can understand when and how to use these phrases.

1. よろしくお願い致します (Yoroshiku Onegaiitashimasu)

Furigana: よろしくおねがいいたします

Meaning: Thank you for your support.

You have probably learnt this one for when you introduce yourself; however, it’s a very versatile phrase that can be used in a variety of Japanese business scenarios. This phrase can mean any of the following:

Thank you for your cooperation
Please be patient with me
Please take care of me
Thank you in advanced

Oftentimes after a meeting with a client or colleague, you say this phrase as a formality to either express your gratitude for cooperating or even being patient with you.

2. お世話になっております (Osewa Ni Natte Orimasu)

Furigana: おせわになっております

Meaning: Thank you for your support

お世話になっております (Osewa ni natte orimasu) is a very common and polite Japanese phrase used especially in business settings. It literally means “I am being taken care of” or “I am in your care,” but it’s often translated as “Thank you for your support.” You usually use this phrase at the beginning of a business Japanese email and call.

Example:

お世話(せわ)になっております。会議(かいぎ)に参加(さんか)して頂(いただ)いてありがとうございます。
Osewa ni natte orimasu. Kaigi ni sanka shite itadaite arigatou gozaimasu.
Thank you for your continued cooperation with us and for joining our meeting.

3. 承知致しました (Shouchi Itashimashita)

Furigana: しょうちいたしました

Meaning: I understand.

Unlike the casual わかった (wakatta) or the more neutral わかりました (wakarimashita), 承知いたしました shows a higher level of respect and humility, making it appropriate in formal business settings. Shouchi itashimashita is a very polite way of saying “understood”, “certainly”, or “got it”. It is most commonly used in response to a request from your boss or even your senpai.

Example:

上司：ジョンさん、ホームページの文章を英訳(えいやく)してください。
Doushi: Jon-san, hoomu peeji no bunshou wo eiyaku shite kudasai.
Boss: John, please translate the home page text into English.

ジョン：承知致しました。
Jon: Shoushi shimashita.
John: Understood, will do.

4. お疲れ様です (Otsukaresama Desu)

Furigana: おつかれさまです

Meaning: Thank you for your hard work.

You might recognize 疲れる (tsukareru) in this expression, meaning to be tired; however, お疲れ様です implies a meaning closer to “good work” or “good job”. You often use this expression as a way of saying “goodbye” to colleagues while showing gratitude for their hard work, an important custom in Japan.

Learn more about how to use otsukaresama desu.

Example:

お疲れ様です！
Otsukare sama desu!
Great job today!

5. 失礼します (Shitsurei Shimasu)

Furigana: しつれいします

Meaning: Excuse me.

You use shitsurei shimasu as a very polite way to say “excuse me” or “pardon me”. It is similar to すみません sumimasen, but it’s used in different contexts. You usually would say 失礼します when you enter a room, end a call, or leave the office before your colleagues.

It used to be frowned upon to leave the office before any of your colleagues; however, this unsaid work rule is fading in favor of a greater work/life balance. So you can say this phrase to show consideration to your colleagues who are still working.

Example:

お先に失礼します.
Osaki ni shitsurei shimasu

Pardon my rudeness for leaving before you.

6. 恐れ入りますが (Osore Irimasu Ga)

Furigana: 恐れ入りますが

Meaning: Sorry to bother you.

恐れ入りますが (Osore irimasu ga) is a very polite expression often used to say “sorry to bother you” or “excuse me.” It conveys humility and respect, acknowledging that you are asking for someone’s time or attention. This phrase is commonly used before making a polite request, especially in business or formal situations, to soften the request and show consideration for the listener.

Example:

恐れ入りますが、こちらのEメールを確認して頂いてよろしいでしょうか?
Osore irimasuga, kochira no emeeru wo kakunin shite itadaite yoroshiideshouka?

I’m so sorry to bother you, but can you check this email I wrote?

7. 差し支えなければ (Sashi Tsukae Nareba)

Furigana: さしつかえなれば

Meaning: If it is not inconvenient…

Saying さしつかえなければ is similar to saying “if you don’t mind”. It’s a formal expression for delicately making proposals or asking permission

Example:

差し支えなければ、今週(こんしゅう)の予定(よてい)を伺(うかが)ってもよろしいですか？

Sashitsenareba konshou no yotei o ukagattemo yoroshii desuka?

If you don’t mind, may I ask about your schedule this week?

8. ただいま確認致します(Tadaima Kakunin Itashimasu)

Furigana: ただいまかくにんいたします/ごかくにんおねがいいたします

Meaning: I am confirming now.

“Tadaima kakunin itashimasu” is a way to politely express that you need to check or confirm something. But when you want to ask someone to check or confirm your request, then you can say “go kakunin onegai itashimasu.”

Example:

ただいま8月(がつ)の予定(よてい)を確認(かくにん)致(いた)します。

Tadaima chiimu no hachigatsu no yotei o kakunin itashimasu

I will check my schedule for August.

9. ご存知です (Gozonji Desu)

Furigana: ごぞんじです

Meaning: I know

ご存知です (Gozonji desu) is a polite and respectful way to say “know” in Japanese. It is the 尊敬語 (sonkeigo), or honorific form, of the verb 知る (shiru), which means “to know.” This form is used when referring to the knowledge or awareness of someone you want to show respect to, such as your boss, clients, or other superiors.

Because it is an honorific expression, ご存知です is never used when talking about your own knowledge. You use ご存知です to respectfully indicate that someone of higher status is aware of or knows something.

Example:

社長はこのプロジェクトをご存知ですか？
Shachou wa kono purojekuto o gozonji desu ka?
Does the company president know about this project?

ご存知の通り、明日は休業日です。
Gozonji no toori, ashita wa kyuugyoubi desu.
As you know, tomorrow is a holiday.

10. 少々お待ちください (Shoushou Omachi Kudasai)

Furigana: 少々お待ちください

Meaning: Please wait a moment.

This is a very formal way of saying “please wait a moment”. It is considered even more polite than saying ちょっとまってください (chotto matte kudasai), which you may have learnt. You often use this expression on phone calls or when you need to briefly pause the conversation.

Example:

ただいま確認(かくにん)致(いた)します。少々(しょうしょう)お待(ま)ちください。

Tadaima kakunin itashimasu. Shoushou o machi kudasai

Please wait a moment while I make a confirmation.

11. 〜頂きありがとうございます (Itadaki Arigatou Gozaimasu)

Furigana: 〜いただきありがとうございます

Meaning: Thank you for…

This is a very respectful way of saying “Thank you for..” It’s a humble and polite way to express gratitude for something you have been given, such as help, a gift, or a favor.

This grammar pattern can be attached to the stem of another verb to express “to humbly receive the action of someone doing something for me.” For example, 教えて頂く means “to humbly receive teaching” or “to be taught.”

Structure	Meaning	Example (Japanese)	Meaning Example
Noun + を + 頂く	Humbly receive something	お電話を頂く	Humbly receive a phone call
Verb stem + 頂く	Humbly receive an action	教えて頂く	Humbly receive teaching

Example:

お電話頂きありがとうございます。

Odenwa itadaki arigatou gozaimasu.

Thank you for calling.

Check out more ways to say thank you in Japanese.

12. ご検討ください (Gokentou Kudasai)

Furigana: ごけんとうください

Meaning: Please consider.

We mentioned that some business Japanese phrases don’t necessarily use keigo but instead rely on specific word choices. 検討 (kentou) is one such example!

Both 検討 and 考える (kangaeru) mean “to think” or “to consider,” but they differ in nuance and usage. 検討 refers to carefully examining or reviewing something in detail, often in formal or business contexts. In contrast, 考える is a more general and casual word used for thinking or reflecting on ideas, plans, or problems in everyday situations.

You can use this to politely request your client, colleague, or even boss to kindly consider something for you from deals, proposals, or requests.

Example:

提案をご検討ください

Boku no teian o gokentou kudasai

Please consider my proposal.

13. 申し訳ないです (Moushi Wakenai Desu)

Furigana: もうしわけないです

Meaning: I am sorry.

This Japanese phrase is considered the most polite way to apologize. There will definitely be times you will need to apologize when working in Japan, so you can use this phrase for just about any circumstance. For an even more formal version, you can say 申し訳ございません (moushi wake gozaimasen).

Example:

会議に5分間遅れて申し訳(わけ)ないです。

Kaigi ni go hunkan okurete moushi wake naidesu.

I apologize for being 5 minutes late to the meeting.

14. ご連絡ありがとうございます (Go Renraku Arigatou Gozaimasu)

Furigana: ごれんらくありがとうございます

Meaning: Thank you for letting me know.

Needless to say, you will often need to be contacted when you are working in Japan. So, whenever you pick up the phone or respond to an email, you can respectfully show your gratitude with this phrase.

Example:

直接電話でご連絡ありがとうございます。

Chokusetsu denwade gorenraku arigatou gozaimasu.

Thank you very much for directly contacting me by phone.

15. 少しお時間よろしいでしょうか？(Sukoshi Ojikan Yoroshii Deshouka?)

Furigana: すこしおじかんよろしいでしょうか？

Meaning: Do you have a moment?

In Japan, the culture of ホウレンソウ (horenso)—which stands for reporting, notifying, and consulting—is widely practiced in workplaces. When you need time to horenso with your manager without setting a formal meeting, or want to ask for their time to discuss something briefly, you can use this phrase.

This phrase is roughly equivalent to saying “Do you have a moment?” but it is very polite. You can use it to politely ask someone on the phone if it’s a good time to talk, or in person if you want to speak with them briefly.

Example:

少し伺いたいことがありますので、お時間よろしいでしょうか？

Sukoshi ukagaitai koto ga arimasunode, ojikan yoroshiideshouka?

I have something I would like to ask you real quick. Do you have a moment now?

Closing Thoughts

Business Japanese can be quite overwhelming at first, but with these phrases to start, you will get used to the different expressions used in business. These are 15 of the most common Japanese business phrases that you will hear and need to use. So, try to remember some of them and start practicing speaking Japanese for a career in Japan!

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FAQ

How is business Japanese different from standard Japanese?

Business Japanese differs from everyday conversational Japanese due to its emphasis on Keigo or language used to convey greater respect to others. Keigo uses conjugations of words you wouldn’t typically employ in casual conversation with family and friends.

How do you formally introduce yourself for business in Japan?

To formally introduce yourself you could say, ジョンと申します。But in an interview or business setting, you should provide a full 自己紹介 or self introduction. It should include your name, age, country of origin, school or university, and most recent experience.

What is the term service staff say when you enter a store?

They say いらっしゃいませ which is a very respectful way to say “welcome!”.

Do I need to use keigo with everyone I work with?

It’s standard in Japan to use keigo as much as possible with your superiors, bosses, and especially clients. With your fellow colleagues and subordinates, you don’t need to use it as much. Of course, it does depend on the company and your relationship with each person.

What does “Osewa ni natte orimasu” mean?

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ください (kudasai) and おねがいします (onegaishimasu) are one of the first phrases you’ll hear when you’re studying Japanese, typically used to ask for a favor or request. Their versatility — not to mention their relation to Japan’s culture of politeness and humility — is the reason you’ll find Japanese people using them a lot.

In essence, both words mean “please,” and it’s easy to use them interchangeably. Sure, in English, there’s only one way to say “please”, but in Japanese, it is a bit different. ください and おねがいします, but their contextual meaning and how to use them are different. .

This little semantic difference is backed by years and years of cultural preference. Beyond a simple translation, they are selectively used depending on the tone, context and sentence structure you’re going for. So when and how do you use kudasai and onegaishimasu separately? Continue reading in this blog!

Before we go further into the article, note that this article will use hiragana, so prior knowledge of them is a must. If you’re still learning them, don’t worry. Take a look at our hiragana chart to review them.

Jump to:

The Literal Meaning of Kudasai and Onegaishimasu
Contextual Meaning of Kudasai (ください)
Contextual Meaning of Onegaishimasu (おねがいします)
How to Use Kudasai (ください)
How to Use Onegaishimasu (おねがいします)

The Literal Meaning of Kudasai and Onegaishimasu

ください or 下さい is derived from the verb くださる, which means to ”give me”. It is the humble honorific verb that means the same as くれる. Following this, ください is used when you want to get something from the other speaker or party. In English, we can translate it to “Please give me (this).” Thus the verb is describing the action of the “requester”

On the other hand, おねがいします or お願いします comes from the word 願い・ねがい, which means “wish” or “hope“. When you use おねがいします, you are basically asking someone to humbly do you a favor. Think of it as describing the action of the requestor. When used to tell someone to do something with おねがいします, it becomes less of a wish and more of an instruction (“to request”). When you are saying おねがいします, you are literally saying either “I’d like that” or “I beg of you.”

To get a better picture of how these two phrases differ, check out the example sentences.

ラーメン　を　ひとつください。
Give me one (bowl) of ramen.

サラダ　を　お願いします。
さらだ　を　おねがいします。
Salad, please.

Now that you know the literal meaning, let’s get into both words’ contextual implications.

Contextual Meaning of Kudasai (ください)

1. ください is used when asking something for yourself (or your group)

While these two words can be roughly translated as “please”, ください is used to make a request for something you are entitled to. In other words, you can’t use kudasai on someone’s behalf.

For example, Nをください translates to “Please give me N.” Take a look at a simple example below.

A：これ　を　ください (Please give me this)。
B：はい (Yes)。

2. ください is used to ask someone who is equal or below your social status

In Japan and its society, rank is important, and your position will determine the degree of politeness. This is why keigo (humble Japanese form used in business or work) is a big part of Japanese culture.

A teacher who is requesting something from their student will use ください instead of おねがいします because, having to bear the higher title, they can speak more casually. The same can be said when you are a guest (お客さま) ordering at a store or a restaurant.

You wouldn’t want to use “kudasai” to your manager or supervisor. Instead, you use it for making a request to a friend or someone who has a lower social status, like your こうはい (your junior at work or school).

鉛筆　を　ください
えんぴつ　を　ください
Give me the pencil.

Notice that in these example sentences, ください feels more like a command, closer to order. ください’s blatancy can feel awkward when it’s used to someone with a higher social status.

3. ください is used for only concrete or tangible things

You can only use ～をください for concrete things. For things like an understanding, explanation or other non-tangible requests, opt for おねがいします instead.

You can, however, tie the object with a verb (~te form) and add ください. Take a look at the example below.

説明　を　下さい。
せつめい　を　ください。
Explain, please (wrong).

説明して下さい。
せつめいしてください。
Please explain (correct).

4. ください is more casual when requesting an object

Simply speaking, ください has a more casual (not to be mistaken as rude) tone than おねがいします. It implies a demand and want, rather than a wish or request.

The same way Japanese men and women uses different suffix (kun, chan or san) and first-and-second pronouns (watashi, ore or boku), you’ll tend to hear men use ください more often than women.

水　を　ください
みず　を　ください
Give me (a glass of) water.

5. ください can be used to make formal commands

You can’t use onegaishimasu for commands, but you can use kudasai to do an action using the ~て formula. This is because “kudasai” can be used with a verb.

Keep in mind that ください is a less polite way of requesting an object (something tangible), but when it comes to making an order, it is considered polite. Take a look at the example below.

座ってください。
すわってください。
Please take a seat.

食べてください。
たべてください。
Please eat.

ちょっと待ってください。
ちょっとまってください。
Please wait a moment.

To make the command more casual (be careful when using it), you can omit the ください.

ちょっと待ってね。
ちょっとまってね
Wait.

Note that you can use a verb with onegaishimasu, but you have to change the verb into a noun. In this case, adding の (no) after it nominalizes a verb.

Contextual Meaning of Onegaishimasu (おねがいします)

1. おねがいします is used to make requests for someone who is higher than you or a stranger

Onegaishimasu has a more passive and humble tone to it. In fact, you’ll find おねがいします partnered together in other formal phrases: when you meet someone, when you reply to a mail or when you’re working together. It’s more commonly used to request a favor from a superior or someone you don’t know. This is because おねがいします is closer to “I beg of you” than “would you please.”

水をください。
みずをください。
(Give me) water, please.

水をお願いします。
みずをおねがいします
(A glass of) water, please.

Notice that in the example, kudasai feels more direct. This relates to Japanese culture. Japanese people are generally indirect communicators. They may be ambiguous when answering questions and making requests to prevent a loss of face or out of politeness. You can also use ‘kudasai’ for an item, but if you want to be more formal when requesting an object, use おねがいします instead.

If you want to be more humble use, you’d say おねがいいたします. いたします is the most humble form of “do” or する.

3. おねがいします is used when you are requesting a service you can’t fulfill yourself

東京駅　まで　お願いします。
とうきょうえき　まで　おねがいします。
To Tokyo Station, please.

When you’re requesting service for something you can’t do yourself, you mustn’t use kudasai. In the above situation above, you can’t travel to Tokyo Station alone. Instead, you’re asking a taxi driver to do it for you.

4. おねがいします is used for asking to speak to someone on the phone

This is one of the situations where only おねがいします is used (the other being asking for a service). When asking to speak to someone on the phone, you can only use おねがいします. You can’t ask someone to “give” you a person.

田中さんお願いします。
たなかさんおねがいします。
May I speak to Mr. Tanaka?

Similarly, you can’t ask for someone using kudasai as it is considered rude.

べんごしおねがいします。
May I have a lawyer, please.

5. おねがいします can be used to request abstract objects

～をお願いします can be used when you ask for abstract or non-tangible things. This includes explanations, understanding or cooperation.

One of the examples is an expression you’d often hear on train platforms or informal announcements.

ご協力　を　おねがいします。
ごきょうりょく　を　おねがいします。
We ask for your cooperation.

ご理解　を　おねがいします。
ごりかい　を　おねがいします。
We ask for your understanding.

Note that we use “go” ご to add a feeling of politeness. In Japanese, it is common to use the prefixes お and ご when using keigo. If you want to know more about them, check our introduction to Japanese honorific and humble form here.

How to Use Kudasai (ください)

Noun + を + ください

Kudasai (ください) is put after an object and its o particle (を).

Example sentence	English translation
スタンプ(を)ください。	Stamp, please.
カフェラテ(を)ください。	(One) caffe latte, please.
おかわり(を)ください。	Please refill

It’s common in everyday conversation to skip the o (を) particle when using ください.

Verb ~て + ください

For this, you will need to know how to conjugate Japanese verbs into ~te (~て). There are three different conjugation groups, with some irregular verbs that have exceptions to the て form rules. If you haven’t learned them already, we’ve made a separate blog post on how to transform a verb into a ~te verb, complete with handy illustrated cards.

Example sentence	English translation
自分の袋を持ってください。じぶんのふくろをもってください。	Please bring your own bag.
毎日勉強してください。まいにちべんきょうしてください。	Please study every day
写真を撮ってください。しゃしんをとってください。	Please take a picture.

How to Use Onegaishimasu (おねがいします)

Noun + を + おねがいします

Similar to kudasai, おねがいします follows the o particle (を) and the object of the sentence. Remember that while you can replace ください with おねがいします, it depends on the context and social circumstances.

を in ～をおねがいします can be skipped, particularly in spoken conversations.

Example sentence	English translation
よやくをおねがいします。	I want to make a reservation, please.
でんわをおねがいします。	Please make a phone call.
メニューをおねがいします。	(I want to see) the menu, please.

おねがいします can stand alone

はい、お願いします。
Yes, please.

宜しくお願いします。
よろしくおねがいします。
This phrase roughly translates to “I hope things go well” or “I hope you treat me well”.

There are a number of ways to translate the meaning of よろしくおねがいします, but the important point to note is that it is not said with regards to something that has already happened. Instead, it is used as an expression of gratitude, apology, explanation, or expression of something that will happen in the future.

Nominalized verb + おねがいします

To do this, use a plain-form verb and attach it to a の (no)

	Plain form	Verb to noun
to eat	たべる	たべるの
to drink	のむ	のむの
to seat	すわる	すわるの
to go	いく	いくの
to read	よむ	よむの

For the word たべるの, because it essentially becomes a noun, you can use it with おねがいします and do the following:

たべるの(を)おねがいします。

ちょっとまっておねがいします。
Please wait a moment. Wrong.

Although using it is pretty simple, we strongly advise you to say まってください instead.

Conclusion

Ultimately, both are equivalent to “please”, so you’re not going to be wrong no matter which one you use. Just remember that kudasai can be used for a te-form verb. Once you find your footing and preference, using them will be a breeze.

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FAQ

How do you use ください in Japanese?

　”ください” is used to politely request something, like saying “please give me” or “please do” in English.

How to use まで in a sentence?

“まで” means “until” or “up to” and marks the endpoint of time, place, or quantity (e.g., 5時まで = until 5 o’clock).

Do you use ください when ordering food?

Yes, you can use “ください” when ordering food to politely ask for a menu item (e.g., ラーメンをください = Ramen, please).

Why do girls say やめてください?

“やめてください” means “please stop,” and girls (or anyone) use it to politely ask someone to stop doing something unwanted.

Want to learn more Japanese phrases? Read our guide on:

When meeting a new client in Japan, one of the first things you need to do is exchange business cards, known as 名刺 (meishi). In many other countries, business cards are often seen as a formality or just a way to pass along your name, title, and company info. But in Japan, meishi exchange is almost like a symbolic, ceremonial act.

Because meishi play such an important role in Japanese business culture, the act of exchanging them is surrounded by clear etiquette, expectations, and unspoken rules. So, what exactly makes Japanese business cards so important? Do you really need to carry them when working in Japan? And what’s the proper way to exchange them?

In this article, we’ll walk you through essential meishi etiquette, along with what to avoid, so you can make the right impression from your very first meeting.

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Importance of a Japanese Business Card

a man handing out his japanese business card

By now, you might have noticed the act of exchanging Japanese business cards is far more ritualistic than in most Western cultures. The card doesn’t just represent its owner, but the whole company. Handing over your meishi the wrong way can damage your professional relationships, or, worse, sully your company’s reputation.

Still, did you know that meishi (名刺) is actually a relatively modern concept? According to one story, business cards didn’t truly exist in Japan until the Meiji period (1868–1912). This era marked the end of Japan’s military government and the restoration of imperial rule. The idea of business cards is believed to have been introduced from Western countries during this time and later adopted by Japanese society.

Another narrative suggests that business cards may have entered Japan even earlier. In 1853, during the late Edo period, American black ships arrived in Tokyo Bay. The U.S. representatives on board used printed cards to identify themselves, possibly marking the first time the Japanese encountered Western-style business cards.

One thing is certain: the tradition of using business cards in Japan was originally adopted from Western business culture

It’s also important to understand that meishi fits naturally into Japanese social norms. In cultures where people greet with hugs, kisses, or handshakes, a business card might seem secondary. But in Japan, where physical contact is more restrained, exchanging business cards becomes a vital and respectful way to initiate a professional connection.

What’s in a Japanese Business Card?

At its core, a business card, regardless of culture, serves one essential purpose: to share contact information. While its symbolic meaning may differ from country to country, the meishi (Japanese business card) still fulfills this same practical role.

Here are the key elements typically included on a Japanese business card:

Company Name or Logo (Top Placement): The name or logo of the organization is usually placed at the top of the card and is often the most prominent element.
Your Full Name (Family Name First): Unlike in many Western cultures, the family name is listed before the given name. Furigana (phonetic guides) are often included to indicate pronunciation. If you have a Western name, it’s acceptable to write it in Roman letters, although some choose to use katakana as well.
Job Title and Department: This is usually written below your name. Since Japanese roles can be more generalized, many people also include their department (e.g., 営業部, or Sales Department) instead of just a specific job title.
Company Contact Information: This includes the office address, phone number, and in some cases, a fax number.
Your Direct Contact Details: Typically includes your work email address. In tech and creative fields, it’s becoming more common to add links to personal websites, portfolios, or even social media handles.

As more Japanese companies work with international clients, it’s becoming increasingly common to see dual-sided business cards: one side in Japanese and the other in English. In recent years, some meishi have also started to include QR codes that provide contact details in a machine-readable format. However, this practice is still relatively rare.

Japanese Card Design

If you’re tasked with creating and designing a Japanese business card by your manager, don’t panic! In practical terms, a meishi (Japanese business card) isn’t drastically different from the business cards you may be used to. However, there are a few important things to keep in mind.

To start, Japanese business cards are slightly larger than their American counterparts. While a standard U.S. business card measures 89 mm x 51 mm (3.5” x 2”), a typical Japanese meishi is usually 91 mm x 55 mm (3.58” x 2”).

Country	Standard Business Card Dimensions
United States, Canada	88.9 mm × 50.8 mm
United Kingdom, France, Germany Netherlands, Spain	85 mm × 55 mm
Japan	91 mm × 55 mm
South Korea	90 mm × 55 mm
China, Singapore, Malaysia	90 mm × 54 mm

Visually, unlike Western business cards, which may allow for more creativity in layout and typography, Japanese meishi tend to follow a more formal structure, placing priority on representing the company before the individual. They also often feature a more minimalistic design, similar to a Japanese rirekisho (resume).

What is Meishi Koukan?

two people exchanging japanese business cards

Meishi koukan (名刺交換) literally means “business card exchange” in Japanese. It refers to the formal process of exchanging business cards, which is a fundamental ritual in Japanese professional culture.

When Do You Do Meishi Koukan?

In Japan, the act of exchanging business cards typically takes place at the very beginning of a meeting or event as a formal way to greet one another. It can happen when you’re visiting someone or they’re visiting you.

Meishi koukan isn’t limited to first-time meetings with new clients. It’s also used when meeting new business partners, collaborators, or anyone you’re engaging with professionally for the first time. While you don’t need to exchange cards again with clients or colleagues you’ve met many times before, there’s an important rule to remember: if someone new joins the meeting — such as a new team member or guest — you should perform meishi koukan with them.

How to Properly Exchange Business Cards in Japan

infographic for order of exchanging japanese business cards

Now that you understand what Japanese business cards (meishi) are and why they matter, it’s time to go over the most important part—how to properly exchange them. After all, you’ve gone through the effort of preparing your cards, so you don’t want to make a mistake during the actual ritual of meishi koukan.

Let’s go step-by-step through the etiquette involved in a proper business card exchange in Japan.

1. Prepare your card in your card holder

Meishi koukan isn’t done with just one person—it’s typically performed with everyone involved from the other party (out-group), such as clients or partners. So always bring multiple cards, not just one.

Use a business card holder (名刺入れ or meishi-ire) to store your cards. Avoid keeping them loose in your pocket (which can appear unprofessional) or in your purse or bag (which can lead to damage). Remember: a card holder not only keeps your cards in good condition, but also shows that you’re prepared and respectful!

Tip: You don’t have to buy a fancy business card holder made of leather. Daiso and other 100-yen Japanese stores sell decent-quality card holders for less than $1.

2. Stand and Face the Person Directly

If you are visiting a client’s office, you may be asked to wait in a designated area or reception room. This is a common courtesy. Once your client arrives, be sure to stand up immediately to greet them. The business card exchange should always be performed while standing and facing the other person directly. This demonstrates attentiveness, professionalism, and respect.

3. Cards are held with both hands, with the text facing the recipient.

When it’s time to give your meishi to the other party, hold the card with both hands at the top two corners, making sure the text is facing the recipient so they can read it immediately. The person receiving your card will take it by the bottom two corners, also using both hands.

Avoid placing your fingers over any important information, such as your name or title. This is considered impolite in Japanese business etiquette. Keep the gesture clean, respectful, and deliberate.

As you present your card, offer a brief introduction. Here’s how you might phrase it:

どうぞ宜しくお願い致します。[Your Name] と申します、[Your Company Name] の [Your Position]です。
Douzo yoroshiku onegaishimasu. [Your Name] to moushimasu, [Your Company Name] no [Your Position] desu.
Please let me ask for your kind cooperation. My name is [Your Name], [Your Position] at [Your Company].

4. Cards are received with both hands, followed by a bow.

When receiving a meishi, you need to accept it with both hands, holding the card by the bottom two corners. This is simply because you’re showing respect to the person who you’re receiving the card from.

As you do so, it’s polite to say:頂戴いたします (choudai itashimasu) or 頂戴します (choudai shimasu), both meaning “I humbly accept your card.” Follow this with a slight bow to show respect.

If the exchange is between people of different ranks, such as a company president and a mid-level manager, the person of lower status should present their card first, and hold their card slightly lower than the other person’s to demonstrate humility.

5. Acknowledge the card

This might sound a little weird, but after you receive a meishi, don’t just shove it into your pocket and move on. Take a second to actually look at it. Read the person’s name, their company, and their title. It doesn’t need to be dramatic, but giving the card a proper glance shows respect and attention.

Yes, it’s a bit performative, but it’s the good kind of performative! It says, “Hey, I care who you are!”

That said, don’t go overboard. You’re not discovering a hidden artifact in an Indiana Jones movie, so you do not need to gasp or squint like you’re solving a mystery. A thoughtful look and a nod of acknowledgment will do the trick!

6. Put the card where it is visible

If you’re about to sit down, place the card neatly on the table in front of you, preferably above your own notebook or materials.

When the moment feels right (like after introductions are over or the meeting’s wrapped up), you can gently place it into your business card holder. Just never tuck it straight into your pants pocket or wallet! That’s like saying, “Nice to meet you, now into the void you go.” Not a great look.

Dos and Donts of Exchanging Japanese Business Cards

1. Don’t Treat Meishi Casually

In Japan, business cards are treated with the utmost respect. Therefore, avoid handling meishi casually or disrespectfully. This means you should not:

Bend or Fold the Card: Keep it in pristine condition.
Write on the Card: Unless directed, writing on someone’s business card in their presence is considered disrespectful.
Flick or Toss the Card: Hand it over gently and respectfully.

2. Avoid One-Handed Exchange

The correct way to give or receive a business card is with both hands. This shows that you are giving the exchange your full attention and respect. Using one hand can be seen as dismissive or disrespectful.

To complement the guidance on what not to do during a 名刺 (meishi) exchange, let’s explore examples of positive actions and phrases that can be used to demonstrate respect and understanding of Japanese business etiquette. These examples will include how to properly exchange business cards using both hands and the appropriate phrases to accompany the exchange.

3. Don’t Ignore or Place the Card Away Immediately

After receiving a meishi, take a moment to carefully read it and acknowledge the person’s title and affiliation. It’s a sign of disrespect to immediately put the card away in your pocket or bag without giving it due attention.

4. Never Place Cards in Your Back Pocket

Storing a business card in your back pocket is a major faux pas, as sitting on a card is seen as sitting on the person’s face and reputation. Use a business card holder to store received cards.

5. Avoid Initiating Business Talk Right Away

The meishi exchange is a ritual of introduction and respect, not an immediate segue into business discussions. Allow for some time to appreciate the exchange and establish a rapport before diving into business matters.

6. Don’t Fail to Offer Your Own Card

Not reciprocating the gesture of exchanging business cards is considered rude. Always have your meishi ready to offer in return, showing that you value the relationship and the exchange.

7. Do Not Disregard Hierarchical Order

When in a meeting with multiple people, pay attention to the hierarchical structure. Cards should be exchanged with the highest-ranking person first as a sign of respect for the organization’s structure.

To the CEO:

お会いできて光栄です、[CEO’s Name] さん。私の名前は [Your Name] です、[Your Company] のものです。このような機会をいただき、ありがとうございます。
Oaidekite kouei desu, [CEO’s Name]-san. Watashi no namae wa [Your Name] desu, [Your Company] no mono desu. Kono yōna kikai o itadaki, arigatougozaimasu.
It’s an honor to meet you, [CEO’s Name]-san. My name is [Your Name], from [Your Company]. Thank you for this opportunity to discuss our potential collaboration.

While Receiving CEO’s 名刺 (meishi):

ありがとうございます。頂戴いたします。御社について学びつつ、お互いどのような協力ができるのかを探っていきたいと思っております。
Arigatougozaimasu. Choudai itashimasu. Onsha ni tsuite manabitsutsu, otagaido no yōna kyōryoku ga dekiru no ka o sagutte ikitai to omotte orimasu.
Thank you. We will be happy to receive it. I look forward to learning more about your company and exploring how we can cooperate.

8. Don’t Forget to Prepare Sufficient Cards

Running out of business cards can be seen as unprofessional or unprepared. To avoid this situation, ensure you have an ample supply of cards.

By avoiding these not-to-do actions, you demonstrate your respect for Japanese cultural practices and show that you value your professional relationships in Japan. Understanding and adhering to these etiquette rules can significantly impact the success of your business interactions in Japan, paving the way for more fruitful and respectful engagements.

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FAQ

Are there any design guidelines for creating a 名刺 (Meishi)?

Meishi should be professional and clean in design, and it should include essential information like your name, position, company, and contact details. Some people choose to have one side of their meishi in Japanese and the other in their native language.

Can I refuse to accept a 名刺 (meishi)?

Refusing to accept a meishi can be seen as a sign of disrespect. If you are offered a meishi, it is polite to accept it, even if you do not plan to establish a business relationship.

Is it appropriate to exchange meishi outside of business meetings?

While meishi are most commonly exchanged in business settings, they can also be exchanged in more casual professional settings, such as networking events or conferences, to share contact information and make a formal introduction.

Want to work in Japan? Check out our work-related series:

How are Japanese business manners different from other cultures?

1. Bowing and greeting in the Japanese workplace

Handshakes

2. Business Japanese language

3. Indirectness and non-verbal communication

4. Exchanging 名刺 (meishi) or business cards

5. Punctuality in Japan

6. Hierarchy and formality play a big role

Titles and honorifics

Hierarchy seating and speaking order

7. Meeting and interview business etiquette in Japan

8. Japanese business etiquette for dinners and events

1. Pour drinks for colleagues

2. Let your colleagues serve you a drink

3. Kanpai before drinking

9. Dress code in Japanese corporations

Dress code for men

Dress code for women

Tips on navigating Japanese business manners

1. Prepare and research

2. Gift-giving etiquette

3. Prioritize long-term relationships

Conclusion: Why learning Japanese business etiquette matters

FAQ

Should you bring gifts to business meetings in Japan?

What gifts should you avoid giving in Japanese business?

What is the most important rule in Japanese business etiquette?

What is considered poor business etiquette in Japan?

What are considered good manners when greeting in Japanese business?

What is Thank You in Japanese?

Kanji for Arigatou（ありがとう）

History of Arigatou（ありがとう）

Culture of Saying Thank You in Japan

Casual and Everyday Ways to Say Thank You in Japanese

1. Sankyuu (サンキュー)

2. Azassu (あざっす)

3. Azamasu (あざます)

4. Doumo (どうも)

5. Sumimasen (すみません)

6. Sumanai (すまない)

7. Arigatou (ありがとう)

8. Arigatou gozaimasu (ありがとうございます)

9. Doumo arigatou gozaimasu (どうもありがとうございます)

10. Doumo arigatou ( どうも ありがとう)

11. Kurete arigatou (～くれてありがとう)

How to Say Thank You in Business Japanese

12. Kansha shimasu (感謝します)

13. Osoreirimasu (恐れ入ります)

14. Arigataki shiawase (ありがたき幸せ)

15. Haisha moushiwagemasu ( 拝謝申し上げます)

16. Otsukare sama desu (おつかれさまです)

17. Itadaite arigatou (~いただいてありがとうございます)

Saying Thank You When Eating in Japan

18. Itadakimasu (頂きます)

19. Gouchisousama deshita (ごちそうさまでした)

Bonus: Bowing to say Thank You in Japanese

How to Use Sumimasen and Arigatou in Context

Conclusion

FAQ

What is the most common way to say thank you in Japanese?

What does ありがとう (arigatou) mean?

What's the difference between arigatou and arigatou gozaimasu?

Is it rude to only say arigatou?

The Culture of Apologizing in Japanese Society

When Do I Need to Apologize in Japan?

How to Apologize in Japanese: Everyday Use and Casual

1. ごめんなさい (gomennasai): Sorry

2. ごめんね (gomen ne): Sorry, man.

3. すみません (sumimasen): Excuse me

4. 悪い (warui): My bad

Formal Ways to Say Sorry in Japanese

1. 申し訳ございません (moushi wake gozaimasen): What I did was inexcusable.

2. ご迷惑をかけてすみません (gomeiwaku o kakete sumimasen): I’m sorry to have caused you trouble

3. 恐れ入ります (Osoreirimasu): I’m sorry

4. 謝罪いたします (shazai ita shimasu): I apologize

5. ご面倒をお掛けして、すみません (gomendou o okakeshite, sumimasen): I’m sorry for the trouble

6. お詫び申し上げます (Owabi moushi agemasu): I apologize.

7. 謝罪いたします (shazai itashimasu): I apologize

8. お許しください (o yurushi kudasai): Please forgive me.

9. 反省しております (hansei shite orimasu): I regret (what I have done)

10. Doumo arigatou ( どうもありがとう)

**7. 謝罪いたします (shazai itashimasu): I apologize**

**8. お許しください (o yurushi kudasai): Please forgive me.**

**9. 反省しております (hansei shite orimasu): I regret (what I have done)**

10. 勘弁してください (かんべんしてください): Please show me mercy

11. 合わせる顔がない (あわせるかおがない): I cannot face you