Japanese is considered to be one of the hardest languages to learn in the world. Studies have shown that on average, it takes about 2,200 classroom hours to learn Japanese on a proficient level, which is equivalent to 88 consecutive weeks. That being said, it remains one of the most fascinating and beautiful languages to learn as well. 

So, if you have ever caught yourself thinking, “Why is Japanese so hard to learn?” you are not alone. This article breaks down the main reasons why the Japanese language may feel difficult and shares encouragement as well as practical tips to help you power through. Whether you are just starting or stuck mid-way, here is what makes Japanese so tough — but why it is still absolutely worth learning.

Is Japanese really a hard language to learn?

Yes, Japanese is considered a hard language to learn, but only if your native language is vastly different from Japanese. The Foreign Service Institute (FSI), which focuses on teaching languages and cultures to US diplomats and government officials, has a system that ranks languages based on how difficult they are to learn. FSI classified Japanese as a “Super-hard language.” 

But you should take this with a grain of salt: FSI ranks languages based on how long native English speakers learn them. If you speak languages like Spanish, French, and Italian, among others that are in the same language family as English, the study hours are probably close to that.

This has numerous reasons, one of the biggest ones being that English and Japanese have very few words with a common etymological origin. 

On the other hand, those who speak Chinese or Korean, or languages that come from similar roots to Japanese, can learn Japanese more quickly.

This is not to be mistaken that the Chinese and Korean languages originate from Japan. In fact, it’s Japanese and Korean that borrow words from the Chinese language. 50% of Japanese words come from Chinese. 

Let’s compare “university” in Japanese, Korean, and Chinese.

JapaneseChineseKorean
大学 Daigaku大学 Dàxué대학교 daehaggyo

The Japanese, Chinese, and Korean words for university are not exactly the same, but there is a close phonetic resemblance between the three words. For reference, it takes 3,900 hours to study JLPT N1 without kanji knowledge. For students with kanji knowledge, it takes 2,150 hours of JLPT study to pass — almost half the time!

Reasons why learning Japanese is hard 

1. Complex writing systems

The Japanese language is made up of 3 different writing systems. The hiragana, katakana, and kanji system all have their own characters and complexities, but are very necessary when learning the language. 

Hiragana 

Hiragana is usually the first writing system that you will encounter on your learning journey. In this system, the symbols represent whole syllables rather than individual sounds or words. In Japanese, words are made up of a combination of syllables, thus taking away the need for singular letter symbols. This system is the most traditional and dates back to the 9th century. 

Katakana 

Katakana is very similar to hiragana when it comes to word formation. Once again, the symbols are meant to represent syllables; this system was mainly adopted in order to introduce syllables and sounds that were not originally part of the Japanese language. Most of the Katana symbols are inspired by those of the Hiragana system, making it easier to decipher. 

Kanji

Kanji is usually the last system taught throughout the learning curve of the language, as it is the one with the most complexity. The symbols used were originally Chinese characters and made up the first writing system in Japan. Both hiragana and katakana are evolutions of this writing system. Rather than representing syllables and sounds, these symbols are meant to represent complete words or ideas on their own, meaning that there are approximately 50,000 kanji symbols to learn before fully mastering this system. 

Read More: Hardest Kanji to Learn

2. Grammar Differences from English

Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) Order

One of the first things English speakers notice while learning Japanese is the change in sentence structure. While the English language typically follows a Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) order — for example, “I eat sushi” — the Japanese language uses a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) pattern. 

So, the same sentence we previously saw in English becomes: Watashi wa sushi o tabemasu, meaning “I sushi eat” in Japanese. This reversal often surprises learners and requires a shift in thinking. Adjusting to this word order takes time, but it is a fundamental part of mastering Japanese grammar.

English Word OrderJapanese Word Order
Subject + Verb + ObjectSubject + Object + Verb

Let’s try to translate a Japanese sentence literally, based on its word order.

SubjectSubject ParticleLocationLocation particleObjectObject ParticleVerb
田中さん喫茶店コーヒー飲んでいます。
Tanaka-sanwakissatendekoohiionondeimasu
Tanakacafeatcoffeeis drinking

Confusing, right? With time, you’ll get used to the sentence structure, but you might need time to adjust to it when translating whatever Japanese sentence you hear or see into your native language. 

The Japanese language often omits the subject in a sentence if it is already clear from the context, which can lead to ambiguity and confusion for English speakers who are used to always including a subject.

私は公園へ行きます。
Watashi wa kouen e ikimasu.
I am going to the park.

Imagine that you are leaving the house, and your mom asks you where you are going. In this case, it’s obvious that your answer indicates yourself, and no one else. A correct sentence often does not require a subject in Japanese, since the subject is usually implied in the context of the conversation.

園へ行きます
kouen e ikimasu.
(I am) going to the park!

Japanese particles

In Japanese, small words called particles play a huge role in showing how each part of a sentence functions. These particles indicate the subject, object, direction, or even topic of a sentence. Because they carry so much meaning in such a small form, even tiny mistakes with particles can lead to big misunderstandings. Learning to use them correctly is a crucial step in becoming comfortable with Japanese.

Examples:

  • Wa: indicates the topic of a sentence
  • Ga: marks the subject of the sentence
  • Ni: indicates a point in time or direction
  • De: indicates the location of an action
  • Wo: marks the direct object of a verb

Verb conjugations and politeness

Japanese verbs change not only based on tense but also depending on the level of formality. There are multiple ways to say the same action depending on whether you are speaking casually with friends, politely to a stranger, or respectfully to someone of higher status. This can feel overwhelming at first, but it is all part of Japan’s nuanced communication style. A helpful tip for beginners is to start with the masu-form, which is the standard polite form, and gradually expand to casual or honorific forms later.

3. Politeness Levels and honorific language

why is japanese a hard language to learn?

Japanese is deeply rooted in social hierarchy, and the way you speak changes drastically depending on who you are talking to. This aspect of the language, also known as keigo (honorific speech), is divided into three main categories: teineigo (polite speech), sonkeigo (respectful speech), and kenjougo (humble speech). These are not just vocabulary swaps; they involve changes in verb conjugation, word choice, and even tone. Navigating these levels of formality is essential for effective and respectful communication in Japanese society. 

Quick Tip: Do not feel pressured to master all forms of keigo at once. Focus first on polite speech (teineigo), and then gradually learn the reasoning behind honorific and humble expressions. 

Read more about Japanese honorifics here.

4. Different pronunciation and pitch accents 

At first glance, Japanese pronunciation seems relatively straightforward since there are fewer sounds compared to many other languages, and most syllables stay consistent. But the real challenge lies in pitch accent. Unlike English, which relies mostly on word stress, Japanese uses pitch to differentiate words that otherwise would sound identical. 

For example, hashi can mean “bridge” (橋) with a high-low pitch pattern or “chopsticks” (箸) with a low-high pitch. These subtle differences are not always highlighted in textbooks but can lead to confusion if they are not understood. 

Quick Tip: The best way to internalize pitch accent is simply by listening to native speakers and shadowing real conversations. 

Read more about Japanese long vowels and double consonants.

5. Cultural context embedded in language

why is japanese a hard language to learn?

Language and culture are closely intertwined, and this is especially true in the Japanese language. Directness is often avoided; people rarely say “no” outright. Instead, soft refusals such as chotto… (meaning “a little…”) are used to politely decline in Japanese while avoiding all confrontation. Japanese also relies heavily on context, so what is left unsaid can be just as important as what is spoken. This means learning Japanese is not just about memorizing vocabulary or grammar rules, but also about understanding the social cues and unspoken norms that guide communication skills in Japanese. 

Quick Tip: To get a feel for these small changes, it can be really helpful to immerse yourself in Japanese media. For example, watching TV shows, anime, or dramas with subtitles helps you pick up on tone, timing, as well as the cultural nuances behind everyday language.

6. Learning and practice challenges

struggle of learning japanese

1. You cannot “Cram” Japanese

Unlike some fields that respond well to last-minute studying, Japanese is not one you can cram. Mastery in this skill comes from consistent, steady effort over time. This is especially true for memorizing kanji symbols and vocabulary, as they require daily review to truly stick. 

Speaking practice with native speakers is just as important, not only for fluency, but for building confidence and a natural rhythm. Keep in mind that setbacks are to be expected; they are a normal part of learning this language. The key is patience and persistence. Progress may feel slower at times, but with regular practice, it can build up in really powerful ways.

2. Not Enough Immersion

Unless you live in Japan or attend an immersive school such as Coto Academy, finding chances to practice Japanese in real-world situations can be really tough. Classroom Japanese often focuses on polite, structured language rather than real-life speech, which is full of slang, casual phrasing, and nuances. What may sound natural in a textbook might come off as overly formal in a regular conversation. 

Reading also presents its own unique challenges. For example, Japanese does not use spaces between words, which makes it tricky to separate and understand phrases at a glance. And then there are also loanwords that are borrowed from English but used in ways that can be confusing. 

Quick Tip: To bridge the gap between the textbook and natural Japanese, it is helpful to immerse yourself in level-appropriate content such as NHK News Easy, manga, or graded readers. And in order to keep your speaking skills sharp, you can try online conversation lessons or join a Japanese-speaking community.

Ready to overcome the challenges of learning Japanese?

Join Coto Academy today and turn your Japanese learning challenges into achievements! At Coto Academy, we understand that Japanese can be tough, but with the right guidance, it becomes an exciting and rewarding journey. Our experienced teachers provide personalized lessons tailored to your level and goals, helping you master everything from kanji to conversation, honorifics to pitch accent.

Fill out the form below for a free Japanese level check and consultation!

FAQ

Why is Japanese considered the hardest language to learn?

Japanese is considered to be the hardest language because it involves complex writing systems, grammar vastly different from English, and cultural nuance that you cannot find in many other languages.

How long does it take to learn Japanese fluently?

According to the U.S. Foreign Service Institute, around 2,200 hours of study are needed to reach working fluency.

Is Japanese harder than Chinese or Korean?

While each language has unique challenges, Japanese is often seen as harder than Korean for its kanji and honorifics, but easier than Chinese in pronunciation.

What’s the hardest part of learning Japanese?

Most learners struggle with kanji and understanding when to use polite vs. casual speech.

Can I learn Japanese without living in Japan?

Yes, of course! Online classes, language partners, and immersion tools (such as those from Coto Academy) make it very possible to learn from anywhere.

Once you’ve turned your name into a Japanese version, you might start thinking about what kind of cool Japanese nickname you can use. In Japan, nicknames go beyond simple shortened versions of names. They are sweet, playful names to express the closeness of your relationship. Whether it is a couple calling each other by pet names, siblings teasing each other, or friends bonding over shared quirks, nicknames are a unique part of everyday life in Japan.

While formal Japanese names are used in settings such as school and work, it is common to switch to cute or affectionate nicknames in casual relationships. Want to start Japanese nicknames for yourself or your friends? Check out our guide and learn how to use them! 

Understanding Japanese Names: Nicknames vs Japanese Suffixes

We want to ensure there’s no confusion between Japanese nicknames and Japanese suffixes. While they may sometimes overlap, they serve different purposes.

Japanese honorifics like -chan or -kun are primarily used to indicate social relationships or levels of familiarity. For instance, -chan is often used as a term of endearment for someone younger, close, or considered cute. If someone’s name is Mako, you might affectionately call them Mako-chan. But honorifics are not nicknames in the traditional sense. Their main function is to express social nuance rather than to create a playful or affectionate variation of a name.

In contrast, nicknames in Japanese often involve modifying the actual name. You can do this by shortening it, altering its sounds, or adding creative endings. Japanese nicknames for girls often use cute, soft-sounding suffixes. Japanese nicknames for guys are usually more casual or cool, depending on the relationship.

What makes a nickname considered cute in Japan? It most often comes down to the use of affectionate suffixes, creative wordplay, as well as a sense of closeness.

Common Nickname Suffixes

Adding suffixes to names is a popular way to create nicknames that feel friendly and affectionate. Let’s explore some of the most common Japanese nickname suffixes and how they’re used.

1. 〜ちゃん (-chan)

A very common and cute suffix for girls, younger kids, pets, and close friends. It is meant to soften a name and add affection.
Example: Momo → Momo-chan

2. 〜くん (-kun)

Typically used for boys, especially among classmates and coworkers. It is casual but respectful.
Example: Taro → Taro-kun

3. 〜たん (-tan)

An even cuter, more babyish variation of -chan, it is often used jokingly or to express strong affection. The suffix -tan began in otaku internet culture, used for anime characters.
Example: Risa → Risa-tan

These name endings allow people to express warmth and are a big part of what makes a Japanese nickname feel kawaii (cute)!

4. ~ちん (-chin)

The suffix -chin (~ちん) in Japanese is a very informal, affectionate, and often playful way of addressing someone, similar to -chan (~ちゃん) but even more cutesy or intimate.

Chin is not commonly used in most social or professional settings. Using it with someone you’re not close to could sound overly familiar or even awkward. It’s mostly seen among younger people or in specific subcultures like idol fandoms or otaku culture.

How to create a Japanese Nickname

Of course, similar to English, Japanese nickname creativity goes far beyond the basic patterns! Nicknames in Japanese often come from shortening names, adding suffixes, or even playful mispronunciations. Below are a few ways to create one:

1. Shorten the name

This is the simplest first step of creating a nickname. Much like “Jennifer” becomes “Jen” in English, many Japanese names can be shortened in a casual context.

This sound contraction makes nicknames smoother and often cuter in casual speech. Take a look at some examples below!

Actual NameShortened Form
HarukaHaru
SakuraSaku
YukiYu
DaikiDai

2. Add a cute Japanese suffix

Once a name is shortened, it’s time to add a playful or affectionate touch. This is where the cute Japanese suffixes we just discussed come in handy!

If the last syllable of the name or the nickname base ends in “chi” (ち) or “tsu” (つ), something special happens. Instead of just adding “-chan,” Japanese speakers often contract or collapse the sounds, using what’s called a sokuon (促音) — a small “tsu” (っ) that doubles the following consonant.

Take the name Katsuki as an example. First, we shorten it to Katsu. When we add the cute suffix “-chan,” it would normally be “Katsu-chan.” But because the name ends with the sound “tsu,” the words blend together and change to “Katchan” or “Kacchan.” This makes the “t” sound stronger and the nickname sounds shorter and cuter.

Similarly, with a surname like Uchimura, the nickname base “Uchi” plus “-chan” normally becomes “Uchi-chan.” However, the “chi + chan” merges into a contracted form like “Utchan” or “Ucchan,” where the consonant sound doubles. 

For names that don’t end with “chi” or “tsu,” adding “-chan” is straightforward and doesn’t change the name much. For example, Shouto becomes Shou-chan, and Takumi becomes Taku-chan (sometimes people also say Takkun, using a different cute suffix “-kun”). For Takashi, people usually just use the full name, but sometimes say Taka-chan.

Examples:

NameShortened BaseAdd “-chan”Sound Contraction / Final Nickname
KatsukiKatsuKatsu-chanKatchan / Kacchan
UchimuraUchiUchi-chanUtchan / Ucchan
ShoutoShouShou-chan(No contraction) Shouchan
TakumiTakuTaku-chan(Sometimes) Takkun
TakashiTakaTaka-chan(Usually no contraction) Takachan

3. Get even more creative with nickname endings

Of course, the more naturally you speak Japanese, the more you’ll notice that nicknames don’t have to follow a fixed pattern or use the same suffix every time! In fact, many Japanese nicknames use a variety of cute, playful-sounding endings to give them a more personal and affectionate feel.

Some people may take it a step further by making their nicknames unique or personalized.

Examples:

NameNickname
MihoMii-tan
KoutaKo-chan
RinaRi-rin

Some nicknames do not necessarily follow any rules; they might come from a person’s favorite food, personality trait, or even how they laugh. That is part of the fun!

4. Combine the Japanese surname and given name

An optional step, one of the most unique nickname styles in Japan, is combining parts of both the family name and the given name to create a catchy nickname. This is quite rare in Western cultures, but quite common in Japan. 

For example, the famous actor Kimura Takuya is affectionately called “Kimu-Taku” by fans. (Remember, in Japanese, the family name comes first.) Similarly, many men named Kato Kenji or Kato Kenichi often go by “Kato-Ken” because it sounds smooth and natural in Japanese.

This combining method only works if the resulting nickname sounds good and flows well in Japanese, which is why not every name can be shortened this way.

Cute Japanese Nicknames

Now that the rules have been explained, here are some examples of commonly used but cool nicknames in Japan:

  1. A-chan: A common nickname for anyone whose name starts with “A,” such as Ayaka or Airi.
  2. Yuki-pi: A trendy, girly nickname variation often used by teens.
  3. Kazu-kun: A classic male nickname for boys named Kazuki, Kazuo, etc.
  4. Mii-chan: A name essentially used for girls named Miho, Mika, or Miharu.
  5. Tomo-tan: A super-cute nickname twist for Tomoko or Tomoya.

These nicknames are heard in classrooms, on social media, and even in various anime!

Not all Japanese nicknames are cute, some are short, stylish, and just plain cool. These types of nicknames are especially popular among teens, young adults, or in pop culture and celebrity circles. They often rely on abbreviations, stylish blends, or nicknames that give off a confident or laid-back vibe.

Some cool nicknames, often used for guys, incude:

  • Taku (from Takuya)
  • Hiro (from Hiroshi, Hiroki)
  • Yuki (from Yukihiro, Yukiko)
  • Aki (from Akira, Akiyama)
  • Ryo (from Ryosuke)

Cute Japanese Nicknames for Couples

japanese nicknames for couples

Among couples in Japan, the nicknames they use for each other often combine Western-style terms of endearment with a uniquely Japanese sense of cuteness. Check out some of the cool Japanese nicknames for boyfriends or girlriends, or general terms of endearment to show affection for couples.

1. あなた (Anata)

Technically, anata means “you” in Japanese, but if you watch anime or read Japanese dramas, you’ll often notice that spouses, especially wives, call their significant others anata.

Why is that? In Japanese culture, it’s less common to use someone’s first name directly, even in close or intimate relationships. Instead, married women often use anata to address their husbands.

This way of speaking feels gentle, respectful, and affectionate, especially when said softly or lovingly.

あなた、ごはんできたわよ。
Anata, gohan dekita wa yo.
Darling, dinner’s ready.

2. ダーリン (Daarin)

This nickname is taken directly from the English nickname “Darling.” This is a romantic nickname for boyfriends or husbands. It is a little playful and retro.

3. ハニー (Hanii)

This nickname means “Honey” in katakana. This nickname is often used by couples aiming to sound sweet and flirty.

4. くん / ちゃん (kun or chan)

Many couples just use a cute version of their partner’s first name. Kenta becomes Ken-kun. Ayumi becomes Ayu-chan

5. りん:

The “りん” pattern involves repeating the ending syllable of a name and adding “りん”, turning ordinary names into sweet nicknames. By adding “りん”, the name sounds more playful and affectionate, giving it a cute, bubbly vibe.

Examples:

  • MariMaririn (まりりん)
  • YuriYuririn (ゆりりん)
  • RinRinrin (りんりん)

Cute Japanese Nicknames for Family

japanese nicknames for family

Japanese families also have their own nickname traditions. Children often use affectionate and hierarchical titles for their siblings and parents.

1. おにいちゃん (Onii-chan): This nickname means “Big brother,” and is usually used by younger siblings. This nickname may also be shortened to にいに (Nii-nii).

2. あねちゃん (Ane-chan): This nickname means “Big sister,” although it is less common than onee-chan, it is still used in casual, childlike speech.

3. じいじ (Jiiji) / ばあば (Baaba): These are cute names for grandpa and grandma; they are the most similar to “Gramps” and “Nana” in English.

4. かーくん (otou-san) / まーちゃん (okaa-san): These names are the shortened versions of “Dad” and “Mom” using parts of their names or nicknames within the family.

Some regional differences exist, too. For example, in Okinawa, siblings may call each other by different terms like アニキ (aniki) for big brother, which carries more respect or toughness.

Tips for Creating Japanese-Style Nicknames from Western Names

If you have a Western name and want to create a cute or natural-sounding Japanese nickname, you might have to convert your name into katakana. The rest of the nickname creation follows the same rule, but here are some tips to keep in mind:

  1. Use Katakana Sounds: Write your name in Japanese katakana first to understand how it sounds in Japanese. For example, “Michael” becomes “Maikeru (マイケル).” This helps when shortening or adding suffixes.
  2. Shorten Your Name Naturally: Japanese nicknames often shorten names by cutting off syllables. From “Maikeru,” you could get “Mai-chan” or “Maiku.” Try to keep the nickname easy to pronounce in Japanese.
  3. Add Familiar Suffixes: Adding “-chan” (cute/friendly), “-kun” (for boys or casual), or “-san” (polite) can make your nickname feel more natural. For example, “Mai-chan” or “Mike-kun.”
  4. Blend Name Parts if Possible: If your name has two parts (like a first and middle name), you can combine parts to make a catchy nickname, similar to the Japanese style. For example, “John Paul” might become “Jo-Pa.”
  5. Keep It Simple and Sweet: Japanese nicknames usually avoid complicated sounds and try to keep things easy to say, short, and cute.

Conclusion: Learn to Make Japanese Nicknames with Coto Academy!

In Japanese culture, nicknames are more than just fun; they are a great way to connect with others on a deeper level. Whether you are making new friends, getting closer with a partner, or even bonding with family, experimenting with cute nicknames adds playfulness and affection to your conversations.

Next time you are talking to a Japanese friend, try a nickname! You might just earn one in return.

Want to learn more about casual Japanese for daily life? Learn how to make your own nickname in Japanese by taking practical Japanese lessons at Coto Academy

FAQ

What are cute Japanese nicknames?

A cute Japanese nickname usually involves shortening a name and adding an affectionate suffix like -chan, -kun, or -tan. These nicknames are usually used among friends, couples, and family.

How do you say darling in Japanese?

You can say “ダーリン” (daarin). It is borrowed from English and is a popular nickname among couples.

Can you use -chan for a boy?

Although it is more common for girls, it can, in fact, be used for a boy as well. Young boys or very close male friends may be called -chan affectionately.

What does -tan mean in Japanese nicknames?

The suffix -Tan is a cuter, more childish version of -chan. It is used to express extreme affection, often in baby talk or with pets and anime characters.

Are nicknames common in Japan?

 Yes, they are extremely common, especially among close friends and family. While formal language is highly important in Japan, nicknames are popular in casual and intimate relationships.

What is nickname in Japanese?

A nickname in Japanese is called あだ名 (adana). The katakana for nickname is ニックネーム (nikkuneemu).

How to make Japanese nicknames?

Japanese nicknames can be created by blending parts of the name, using repetition, or adding playful endings like -rin or -pi.

Want to get more fun Japanese learning content? You might be interested in:

Downloading and using Anki decks can be one of the most effective and easiest ways to learn Japanese. Anki is a free, open-source flashcard program that uses a spaced repetition system (SRS), allowing you to revisit new vocabulary repeatedly but in a programmed time frame. Through this, you can spend more time on words you have a harder time remembering and less on easier ones.

Though Anki is extremely versatile, we strongly recommend Anki to learn new Japanese words and building vocabulary over time. Still, when you are just starting out, you should use pre-made Anki decks. Once you know your learning preference, you can then customize it. Anki decks can easily be downloaded from the Anki website.

So, what are the best options? Check out our recommendations for the 15 best Japanese Anki decks below!

How to choose the right Anki deck?

An Anki deck is essentially a set of flashcards grouped together. You can have multiple decks for different topics (e.g., “JLPT N5 Vocabulary”, “Medical Terminology”, “GRE Prep”). Each card typically has a front (question, prompt) and a back (answer). You can also include audio, images, and formatting.

When learning Japanese with Anki, the front of the card is often the Japanese word, and the back shows the English meaning. As you become more familiar with Anki, you can start customizing your cards to suit your learning style. You can add audio, pictures, tags, custom fields, or other types of media to make your flashcards more engaging and effective!

With there being hundreds of Japanese Anki decks for learning, choosing the right one can be difficult and confusing. This is especially so for first-time users of Anki who are still figuring out how to use the software. It’s not hard when you get used to it, but we don’t want to add more to your full bowl.

On the Anki website, there is a section under ” Popular categories: Languages ” where you can see links to landing pages for different languages.

Click on the “Japanese” link, and it will bring you to a page full of different Japanese Anki decks. If you already have a topic in mind that you want to study, there is a manual search option in the top right corner.

If you have a problem choosing, click on each Anki deck and look at the reviews. A rating column also shows the ratings of the different tabs.

Once you have chosen the Anki Deck you want to use, just simply click the “download” button to open Anki on your device.

Before that, head to our Japanese learner’s guide to starting Anki flashcards.

Best Japanese Anki Decks

1. Japanese Core 2000 Step 01 Listening Sentence Vocab + Images

japanese anki decks

Japanese Core 2000 Step 01 is one of the most popular and used Anki decks to memorize Japanese vocabulary. Specifically customized for beginners to Japanese, this Anki Deck has over 2,000 Japanese words for you to learn.

The contents in this Anki deck are well-structured, with images provided for easier memorization. The deck contains 405 audio files and 235 images, and example sentences for the Kanji.

It would probably take 2-3 months to complete this Anki deck if you practice consistently. As we know, consistency is the number one thing for improvement.

Visit the Anki website to download the Anki Deck onto your computer. The flashcards will appear on your screen once the deck is imported to your device. You can edit the cards by clicking on the “edit” button.

Download Anki deck here.

2. Japanese Core 2000 Step 02 Listening Sentence Vocab + Images

2. Japanese Core 2000 Step 02 Listening Sentence Vocab + Images

Japanese Core 2000 Step 02 is the second part of the Japanese Core 2000 Anki series. Make sure you start with Step 01 before you visit Step 02. Still, for beginners, this Anki Deck is a more advanced version with audio files, English translations, and images provided in the flashcards.

There are Japanese Kanji, verbs, and example sentences that are used in everyday life. This Anki Deck has over 404 Audio files and 236 Images.

Similar to Step 01, it would probably take you 2-3 months to complete this Anki Deck if you practice consistently.

Visit the Anki website to download the Anki deck onto your computer. The flashcards will appear on your screen once the deck is imported to your device. You can edit the cards by clicking on the “edit” button.

Get Anki decks here.

3. Japanese Basic Hiragana

If you have already learned the basic Japanese writing system, you can skip this. But if you are just a beginner, we recommend Japanese Basic Hiragana. Unlike the Japanese Core Series Anki Deck, this Anki deck does not have any pictures, but it is particularly helpful if you want to remember hiragana characters.

The deck was modified from the TextFugu Hiragana deck and only includes 46 basic audio hiragana character files.

However, you can type in romaji under particular hiragana characters. You can easily complete it as the contents are basic and simple for beginners. Since there are only 46 notes, the deck is a good refresher for new learners.

Since it only covers fundamentals, it does not have all the hiragana characters. So, you might want to move on to more advanced Japanese Anki Decks once you have completed the Deck.

Download Anki deck here

4. JLPT Grammar from Jtest4you

This is the all-in-one Anki deck if you want to focus on grammar. The Jtest4you Anki Deck is a JLPT grammar-focused flashcard. It includes example sentences, romaji, and translations that can be added to the front and back of the flashcards.

What’s good about this Anki deck is that the vocabulary is divided into different JLPT levels, so you can study words relevant to your current situation.

In most flashcards, the front would be the kanji and example sentence in Japanese, while the back of the flashcard would be the furigana, romaji, and English translation.

Visit the Anki website to download the Anki deck onto your computer. The flashcards will appear on your screen once the deck is imported to your device. You can edit the cards by clicking on the “edit” button.

Download Anki deck.

5. Japanese Visual Novel, Anime, Manga, LN Vocab – V2K 

If you are interested in Japanese visual media, Japanese Visual Novel, Anime, Manga, LN Vocab – V2K Anki Deck could be perfect for you.

This Anki Deck has over 2,000 common words in popular Japanese media, such as novels, anime, and manga. In Japanese media, words and phrases often serve various contexts and examples.

Hence, this Anki deck helps users link the particular kanji and familiar English translations.

It is a beginner-focused Anki deck where users will learn kanji and furigana, along with a pre-recorded audio that can be found at the front of the flashcard.

You will be able to pick up heaps of useful words, such as 全然駄目だ、結構, that are frequently mentioned in anime and manga. It will also significantly improve your reading and listening comprehension.

Visit the Anki website to download the Anki deck onto your computer. Once the deck is imported to your device, the flashcards will appear on your screen. You can edit the cards by clicking on the “edit” button.

Download Anki deck here.

6. Katakana Reading Practice

Katakana Reading Practice is an Anki deck that acts as a guide for beginners in learning katakana. With over 1,000 words and phrases in Katakana, the contents of the flashcard focus a lot on foreign loanwords, proper names, onomatopoeia, animal names, as well as brand names.

Many users of this Anki deck have found it very helpful in improving their speed and confidence in speaking and writing katakana.

English speakers might think it’s unnecessary to learn katakana. After all, they are loan words from English — but you’d be surprised by some Japanese katakana words that don’t sound similar to the original English words.

Visit the Anki website to download the Anki deck onto your computer. Once the deck is imported to your device, the flashcards will appear on your screen. You can edit the cards by clicking on the “edit” button.

Download Anki deck here.

7. Official KanjiDamage deck

KanjiDamage is the ultimate deck to learn Kanji with the KanjiDamage method, which is basically learning Kanji using mnemonics. There are over 1,700 Kanji to learn from in this Anki Deck.

You will learn a mix of commonly used Kanji as well as uncommonly used Kanji that have been put in random order. The stroke order of how to write the Kanji is also included.

If you want to learn kanji frequency instead, check out another Anki Deck made by the same user, which is a reordered version of this Anki deck. It has been reordered based on the frequency of each Kanji character so that you can more common characters first, followed by the uncommon ones.

Visit the Anki website to download the Anki Deck onto your computer. Once the deck is imported to your device, the flashcards will appear on your screen. You can edit the cards by clicking on the “edit” button.

Download Anki deck here.

8. All in One Kanji Deck

Looking to learn pretty much everything there is to learn about Kanji? All in One Kanji deck is one of the most comprehensive and informative collections out there. It is perfect for those looking to practice writing the Kanji and gaining more knowledge on kanji meaning and readings.

The Anki deck is nicely formatted. With over 10,000 flashcards, you will learn how to read each kanji in onyomi, kunyomi, and nanori as well as learn the number of strokes and stroke orders.

It also teaches you how each Kanji has been changed from its original Chinese elements to become a Japanese character.

Download Anki deck here.

9. Tofugu: Learn Hiragana Deck

This Anki deck created by Tofugu helps you learn Hiragana through Mnemonics. In this Anki Deck, you will be able to learn the basics of Japanese pronunciation.

Download Anki deck here.

10. Tofugu: Learn Katakana Deck

This Anki deck, created by Tofugu, helps you learn Katakana through Mnemonics. In this Anki Deck, you will be able to learn the basics of Japanese pronunciation.

Through descriptive and animative mnemonics, they make learning fun and interactive, and are a perfect method for memorization! Visit the Anki website to download the Anki Deck onto your computer. Once the deck is imported to your device, the flashcards will appear on your screen. You can edit the cards by clicking on the “edit” button.

Download Anki deck here.

11. Japanese Course Based on Tae Kim’s Grammar Guide & Anime

This is a self-contained Japanese course for beginners, built around Tae Kim’s Grammar Guide, a popular free resource known for its clear explanations of essential grammar points. The creators also developed a companion Anki deck, making it easy to study and review.

The course places a strong focus on listening comprehension, using real anime scenes to reinforce learning. Each flashcard shows a Japanese phrase on the front, along with a video clip of the sentence used in an anime. The back of the card includes the English translation and a detailed grammar breakdown, helping learners understand both meaning and structure.

Download Anki deck here.

12. Genki 1 & 2 Kanji

If you’ve taken a Japanese class, chances are you’ve used the well-known Genki textbook series. This Anki deck is a simple but effective tool I created to help me learn how to write the kanji introduced in Genki I and Genki II.

The deck covers individual kanji characters from Lesson 3 to Lesson 23, following the exact order presented in the textbooks. Each flashcard shows the English meaning, along with the on-yomi and kun-yomi readings on the front, and the kanji character on the back.

It’s perfect for reinforcing writing practice and memorizing readings in context with the Genki curriculum.

Download Anki deck here.

13. Katakana Reading Practice

Reading katakana can be surprisingly challenging, even if you’ve already memorized the characters. Unlike hiragana, katakana is often used for foreign loanwords and names, which don’t always follow typical Japanese word structure. 

This Anki deck features 1,000 cards designed to help you read katakana with speed and confidence. It focuses on loanwords from English, German, French, Portuguese, Chinese, and more, along with wasei-eigo (English-inspired words made in Japan like salaryman). You’ll also find cards with onomatopoeia, company names, animal names, and other real-world katakana usage to give you the exposure you need.

Download Anki deck here.

14. Remembering the Kanji 1, 6th Edition (2200 Kanji)

This Anki deck includes all 2,200 kanji from the 6th edition of Remembering the Kanji 1 by James W. Heisig. It was created to offer a complete and accurate companion to the book, as many existing shared decks were either incomplete, based on older editions, or lacked consistency in format and content.

The deck focuses solely on kanji characters, excluding primitive elements that are not kanji themselves. Each card includes a link to an external website for stroke order diagrams, allowing for easy reference and writing practice. It’s an ideal tool for learners following the Heisig method who want a streamlined, comprehensive study aid.

Download Anki deck here.

15. All in One Kanji Deck

This comprehensive Anki deck includes the full set of 2,136 Jouyou Kanji — the official list of kanji designated by the Japanese Ministry of Education for daily use. These are the characters taught in Japanese schools and used in newspapers, books, and official documents. In addition to the Jouyou Kanji, the deck covers JLPT N5 to N1 kanji, 861 Jinmeiyou Kanji (used primarily in names), the 2,500 most frequent kanji, 3,007 kanji from Heisig’s Remembering the Kanji, and more.

Download Anki deck here. 

Each card contains rich, detailed information: the English meaning, readings (on-yomi, kun-yomi, and nanori—name readings, listed separately), stroke count, stroke order, and an example compound word. It also includes kanji classification levels such as JLPT level, Jouyou grade, and usage frequency. Note that a lower frequency number indicates more common usage, while “Grade S” refers to kanji taught in Japanese secondary school

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FAQ

What is Anki?

Anki is a powerful flashcard app that uses spaced repetition to help you memorize information more efficiently. For Japanese learners, it’s especially useful for retaining kanji, vocabulary, grammar points, and listening comprehension.

Can I customize the Japanese Anki deck?

Yes! Anki is very flexible—you can edit cards, add audio, images, mnemonics, or even create your own card types to match your study style.

What’s included in this Japanese Anki deck?

That depends on the deck, but typically you’ll find:

  • Listening and reading practice (optional with media decks)
    Some decks are based on popular resources like Genki, Tae Kim, or Heisig, and include JLPT-level tagging (N5 to N1).
  • Kanji cards (with meanings, readings, stroke order, and examples)
  • Vocabulary cards (with context sentences and audio)
  • Grammar explanations

As you get ready to explore Japan, it’s not just about packing your suitcase or making sure you have enough yen. One of the smartest ways to prepare is by downloading the best travel apps for Japan. 

For a place like Japan, with numerous mobile app options, it can be challenging to determine which ones are worth using, especially if they require payment for certain features. So here’s a list of must-have travel apps in Japan — tested and updated for 2025 — to make your trip as stress-free as possible. 

Best Japanese Travel App for Navigation & Transit

Understanding the transit system in Japan can seem super hard to understand from afar, but these apps will help you to understand step-by-step where you need to go and how to get there! 

1. Google Maps

If there is one app to download from this list, it will be Google Maps. They give the most accurate updates when it comes to travel time, crowd size, and delays occurring. 

It’s particularly useful because you will most likely use public transportation when traveling around Japan. Google Maps can also tell you how much it will cost to go on your routes, how far something is within walking distance, and store hours, making it one of the most used apps by foreigners by far! 

2. Japan Travel by Navitime 

If you really wanna feel like a local, this is the app for you. Japan Travel by NAVITIME helps users travel around Japan by train, transit, and the Shinkansen. You can also use their online website version and read about the best ways to explore Japan for yourself and your needs.  

With these travel apps in Japan, some things might still get lost in translation, so you need to know how to understand the essential Japanese train announcements, too. 

3. Go Taxi 

As the most used taxi app in Japan, Go Taxi is used very similarly to Uber! It serves 45 of Japan’s 47 prefectures. You can reserve rides ahead, or use them in a hurry! It has an easy-to-use format and is overall well-used among foreigners and locals alike. 

Read More: How to Take a Taxi in Japan

4. Yahoo Transit

 Yahoo Transit is the most localized for Japanese people, making it the most accurate platform of all your options! It is traditionally in Japanese, but can be translated on Yahoo/Google easily. They include time for walking through the train station and transferring platform, which Google Maps often doesn’t have! So if you’re looking for a step-by-step guide, this is the app for you! 

Read More: How to Navigate Japan’s Train System Without Pasmo or Suica

5. SmartEx

Thinking about taking the Shinkansen? This app will help you with every step of the process. You’ll need to register your account on their website prior, but once your account is made, you can use both the app and the website with ease. It is worth noting that you will be logged out of the app if you don’t use it often, but if you have already purchased your ticket, just add it to your digital wallet and you won’t need to get back in. Once you purchase your Shinkansen tickets, the website says you should also print out your tickets just in case it cannot read your QR code.  

6. Suica or PASMO app 

If you plan on using the transit system in Japan, plan to have a Suica orPASMO either physically or on your phone’s digital wallet. I find it easier to have it on your phone, so that way you can see all your charges and your remaining balance whenever you’d like. It’s very easy to add money back onto it as well, rather than having to stop at the station to refill your card. 

Best Japanese Apps for Translation & Language

Traveling to cities like Tokyo may be more English-friendly, but things can still get lost in translation. While we also cover the best Japanese dictionary apps in another blog, here are some of our favorite travel apps for Japan.

7. Google Translate 

Google Translate has a lot of key features that make it exemplary for translating apps. Their camera text scanning is great for signs and menu translations, you can also hold your phone up to listen to native speakers talk to better know how to reply back (I’ve had to use this a few times when in sticky situations!), and the app allows for users to use it even in offline mode. 

8. DeepL

This app is better for more natural translations, especially for Korean/Chinese speakers

These translation apps allow for more natural translations rather than the literal meaning. This works especially for Korean and Chinese speakers. With Papago, you’re able to translate text, images, documents, and websites, plus listen to how to speak it. DeepL has a glossary feature that is super helpful, as well as AI-powered tools to help you write in another language! 

9. Yomiwa 

Yomiwa is a modern (and offline!) Japanese dictionary that has kanji recognition and real-time translation. It uses a diverse number of sources to provide the most complete dictionary app. You are able to input words and sentences using kanji, hiragana, katakana, and romaji. There are many options for translating that users have loved since its creation. 

Best Travel Apps for Accommodation & Booking in Japan

10. Airbnb 

If you are tired of hotels and want something like a Japanese homestay, Airbnb is a good compromise. Airbnb is known for its short-term stays with a local flavor for foreigners to fall in love with. With its easy-to-navigate app and ability to contact the owner directly to make your stay more at home, it’s easy to see why most people pick this over a hotel. Depending on the area, too, you may be able to see lower prices for your stay. 

Read More: Affordable Accommodation in Tokyo

11. Booking.com

Booking.com has a lot of different filters for last-minute or discounted rates with things like hotels, flights, and car rentals. Though known for its cost-effective measures, if you use this site, it is said to make sure you do your research ahead of time to ensure everything is in order before you arrive. While most users state they have no problems with the website, it is warned that new users read through what they are selecting before purchasing. 

12. Klook 

Klook has been on the rise in recent years due to the wide variety of bookings you can make through it. You can book tours, hotels, museum tickets, and more through them. They have discounted rates or promotional codes you can use to lower your costs. Their website and app are easy to use and have been proven to work, especially for the Shinkansen! 

Getting to try new foods in a new country is super exciting and a great new experience. But in a place like Japan where the population is over 126,000,000 people, getting a reservation or two might be the move. Here are our top apps for finding restaurants.

13. Tabelog 

As the ‘Yelp’ of Japan, this app is the most used by locals for user reviews and ratings.  Users can book restaurants directly from Tabelog! It is worth noting, though, that most reviews and places will be primarily in Japanese, so just make sure you are looking at the star review rating! 

14. Google Maps (Restaurants)

Less used than Tabelog for locals, Google Maps is still able to provide thorough details for restaurant searches that include English reviews, photos, and hours. If you’re looking for popular tourist attractions/foods, this is definitely the app to use more often! 

15. Omakase

Ready for some high-end restaurant experiences? Omakase will be exactly what you’re looking for! This app helps users set up reservations at some of the best high-end restaurants in Japan for meals like omakase sushi, wagyu, or traditional Japanese foods.  Log in, and enjoy some of the best culinary experiences you can get!

A foodie exploring Japan? You might be interested in:

Best Japanese Apps for Payments & Finance

Recently, Japan has been shifting from a cash-based society to digital payment systems. There are a lot of mobile payment apps in Japan we recommend, but we have also selected a few apps for money exchanges. 

16. Wise 

Wise is a multi-currency travel account that is the perfect solution for travelers. Making an account is completely free; you only pay for transactions! It is transparent and cheap, with fast transfers. For Japan, this is a good way to watch conversion rates with how you use your money! 

17. XE Currency 

Another great currency tool that has real-time exchange rates. You can send money to over 190 countries across 130 currencies. It also tracks your historical currency rates to analyze rate trends and to stay on track of spending. 

18. PayPay

Another popular cashless app in Japan, this app can be used at stores nationwide and helps people to save money while shopping by earning PayPay points! This is a commonly used app amongst the locals, especially while grocery shopping, and is used for paying bills. 

Other Travel Apps for Japan You Can Download

19. Weather app 

There are many good weather apps to be used while in Japan, but just remember that the weather is usually more humid than you expect, and to always bring a UV umbrella with you– whether that’s for rain or sun! Personally, we use Tenki or Yahoo Weather!, which can give you daily weather maps as well as information about earthquakes and more.

20. MyMizu 

While most restaurants will give you free water when you’re seated, sometimes finding free water can be hard! Bringing your own water bottle around is a good idea to help reduce plastic usage. This app helps users to find places where they can get free water, as well as keep track of the money they’ve saved by refilling their bottle! 

21. LINE or WhatsApp

These two apps are the most commonly used messaging apps in Japan (for keeping in touch with locals or services). Some restaurants or services offer discounts if you add them on LINE! Both are completely free, and you can register using your normal phone number, rather than needing a phone number from the country you’re in (in this case, you don’t need a Japanese phone number)!

22. Japan Official Travel App 

This app has it all. It can give you emergency information, guides, etiquette tips, and can also tell you other apps to download based on your needs. If there is an app to start with, start with Japan’s Official Travel App! 

Conclusion

It may seem like there are a lot of apps needed to just get around Japan, but at the end of the day, you can try out what you’d like and look things up as needed. Google will always be a reliable first source to help with whatever you may need.

If you’re interested in using what the locals use but don’t know Japanese, try out Coto Academy’s part-time classes to fit right in with the Japanese culture! Fill out the inquiry form below for a free consultation and level check.

FAQ

Is the Japan official travel app free?

Yes, it is completely free! It is made specifically for tourists visiting Japan, both for iOS and Android users. 

Can I travel to Japan without Google Maps?

There are many options out there for travel, making it so Google Maps does not have to be what you solely rely on. However, Google Maps does a good job of updating users on delays and other situations while also giving step-by-step routes for their destination. 

What is the Best Travel App for First-Time Travelers in Japan?

Google Translate is usually said to be the best and most convenient app for first-time travelers. If you’re looking to bridge the language barrier through text, voice, or image translation, this is the app to use! 

What is the most popular messaging app in Japan?

LINE is the most popular messaging app in Japan, with over 80 million users. It allows for global messaging and voice, and video calling! 

Why is Apple Maps not recommended to tourists?

Apple Maps is not usually recommended to tourists because it does not provide users with the most up-to-date information, especially for companies that do not use any English. Travelers looking for a similar app should use Google Maps or Japan Travel by Navitime. 

What are the best free travel planning apps?

TripIt, Klook, and TripAdvisor have been known to be very easy planning apps. All three serve similar means, but make sure to check out each one as they have different abilities to make things happen. 

Ever heard someone say, “Miso love you!” and get a laugh? Welcome to the world of dajare, or Japanese puns, that play on similar sounds and clever word twists. While these jokes are often groan-worthy, they are embedded in Japanese pop culture, daily conversations, and even advertising. 

If you are learning Japanese, understanding dajare can give you insight into how language and humor go hand in hand in Japan. Whether you are just starting out or looking to level up your language game with some laughter, this guide introduces 20 of the most iconic Japanese puns to know!

What is Dajare?

The word 駄洒落 (dajare) refers to a kind of pun or joke that is based on wordplay. Think of it as a Japanese dad joke. Dajare can be found everywhere in Japan, from advertisements to variety shows and even children’s books. They are often delivered with a smirk or a dramatic pause. 

Types of Japanese Puns

Of course, not all Japanese puns are created equal, much like the English equivalent. Check out a few common types of dajare before we dive right into some funny examples!

1. Homophones

Most probably, the most common types of puns, homophones, and multiple-meaning puns are jokes that use words that sound the same but have different meanings.

For example, the word かみ (kami) can mean “hair”, “paper”,or even “god” at the same time!

2. Similar sound and phrase substitution puns

Ever heard of Near-homophones or intentional substitutions that make a sentence funny or expected?

For example, the word すき (like) and スキー (ski) sound similar when you say them fast enough!

3. Kanji and visual wordplay

Sometimes dajare depend on kanji that look or sound alike, or even combine characters to form a joke.

Using our example before, the kanji for かみ (kami)  can be written as 神 (god) vs 紙 (paper)

4. Onomatopoeic and sound symbolism puns

Japan is rich with sound-based words like ぴかぴか (sparkling). These are twisted for a funny effect. 

Check out some funny Japanese onomatopoeia to know!

20 Funny Japanese Puns to Know

1. 布団が吹っ飛んだ

japanese wordplay on futon

Romaji: Futon ga futtonda

Meaning: The futon flew away

Wordplay: Futon (futon) + futtonda (blew away).

Explanation: This is probably one of the most iconic Japanese puns. It plays on the sound similarity between futon and futtonda, creating a rhythmic, rhyming phrase. It is funny, not because of the deep meaning, but because of the satisfying alliteration. Kids learn this early on, and it is often used in comedy routines.

2. Arumikan no ue ni aru mikan (アルミ缶の上にあるミカン)

arumi kan no ue ni aru mikan dajare

Romaji: Arumi-kan no ue ni aru mikan

Meaning: A mikan on top of an aluminum can.

Wordplay: Arumi-kan (aluminum can) + aru mikan (there’s a mikan)

Explanation: This pun is more visual when written out. It sounds like a Japanese tongue twister, and it uses a classic structure by breaking up compound words into separate words. While the sentence is perfectly grammatical, the absurdity of putting a mikan on a can is what makes it fun.

3. Ika ga ii ka? (イカがいいか?)

ika ga ii ka pun

Romaji: Ika ga ii ka?

Meaning: Is squid okay?

Wordplay: Ika (squid) + ii ka (is it okay?)

Explanation: The joke relies on how ii ka flows naturally after ika. It is the kind of question you would hear at a sushi restaurant, but it sounds so funny when you realize you are asking “Is squid good?” and saying “squid is good?” in the same exact breath. This is a Japanese pun that doubles as a useful phrase. 

4. Sukii wa suki (スキーは好き)

suki wa sukii wordplay

Romaji: Sukii wa suki

Meaning: I like skiing.

Wordplay: Suki (like) + sukii (ski)

Explanation: This dajare is straightforward and super useful for learners. You are saying you like skiing, but because suki and sukii sound so close, it creates a mini echo. This is also a common line used in various Japanese shows or textbook jokes.

5. Kaeru ga kaeru (カエルが帰る)

kaeru ga kaeru

Romaji: Kaeru ga kaeru

Meaning: The frog is going home.

Wordplay: Kaeru (frog) + kaeru (to return)

Explanation: Here, the humor comes from kaeru, which can mean both “frog” and the Japanese verb “return” depending on the kanji used. It is a favorite among children and language learners because it demonstrates how Japanese homophones work and makes vocabulary learning fun. 

6. Toire ni itto ire (トイレに行っといれ)

japanese pun on toilet

Romaji: Toire ni itto ire

Meaning: Go to the toilet.

Wordplay: Toire (toilet) + itto ire (go and come back – Kansai dialect)

Explanation: This pun is especially fun because it uses a Kansai dialect twist. It blends toire (toilet) with itto ire, a way of saying “go and come back.” It is almost like saying, “Go to the toilet and return.” The phrase mimics everyday language but swaps the expected ending for a sound-alike.

7. Sanda ga chitta (サンタが散った)

japanese pun abou santa clause

Romaji: Santa ga chitta

Meaning: Santa scattered.

Wordplay: Santa + chitta (cattered/fell apart)

Explanation: This pun has a dark humor twist. Santa is just Santa Claus, and chitta means “scattered” or “broken apart.” It sounds like the poor Santa Claus exploded into pieces, giving an oddly funny image. The unexpected violence in such a cheerful context is what makes it hilarious in Japanese comedy shows or manga with dramatically exaggerated reactions.

8. Kami ga kaminarimashita (雷がカミナリました)

japanese pun on lightning

Romaji: Kaminari ga kaminarimashita

Meaning: Lightning struck.

Wordplay: Kaminari (lightning) + nari mashita (happened)

Explanation: This joke uses kaminari (lightning) and turns it into a pseudo-verb kaminarimashita, which is a made-up version of “it lightning-ed”. Even though kaminari is not actually a verb, the sentence still feels grammatically correct, which makes it funny. It is a classic example of how dajare can bend grammar rules to create humor.

9. Kani ga kansha (カニに感謝)

kani ni kansha dajare

Romaji: Kani ni kansha

Meaning: Thanks to the crab.

Wordplay: Kani (crab) + kansha (gratitude)

Explanation: This pun rhymes kani (crab) with kansha (gratitude). The sentence literally means “I am thankful to the crab,” which sounds a bit absurd but polite. You might imagine someone bowing to a crab on a dinner plate, saying “Kani ni kansha.” It’s a polite pun that could be used in food-related contexts.

10. Ikura wa ikura? (いくらはいくら?)

ikura wa ikura

Romaji: Ikura wa ikura?

Meaning: How much is the salmon roe?

Wordplay: Ikura (salmon roe) + ikura (how much)

Explanation: Ikura can mean both “salmon roe” (a sushi topping) and “how much.” The full sentence is an actual question you might ask at a sushi restaurant: “How much is the ikura?” The double meaning makes it comedic because you repeat the same sound with different meanings.

11. Neko wa nekoronda (ねこはネコロンダ)

neko wa nekoronda pun

Romaji: Neko wa nekoronda

Meaning: The cat is lying down

Wordplay: Neko (cat) + nekoronda (to lie down)

Explanation: This pun uses the word neko, meaning “cat,” and nekoronda, meaning “laid down.” It sounds like you are repeating “neko” in a fun way — neko wa nekoronda, making it catchy and rhythmic. This one is light and silly, used mostly in kids’ books or nursery rhymes, and it plays with both vocabulary and sound to create a funny mental image: a lazy cat flopped over, doing what cats do best. It is also a great one for learners to practice pronunciation and see how word roots repeat in Japanese verbs.

12. Hae ga haee (ハエがはえー)

hae ga haee

Romaji: Hae ga haee

Meaning: The fly is fast!

Wordplay: Hae (fly) + hayai (fast) pronounced haē

Explanation: Hae means “fly” and haee is a casual pronunciation of the Japanese adjective hayai (fast). The phrase sounds like a complaint someone might make after being scared off by a buzzing fly. The humor lies in how natural yet goofy the line sounds, especially when said quickly.

13. Tou-san ga tousan shita (父さんが倒産した)

dajare about dad

Romaji: Tousan ga tousan shita

Meaning: Dad went bankrupt.

Wordplay: Tousan (father) + tousan (bankruptcy)

Explanation: In this pun, tousan can mean both “bankruptcy” and “dad”, depending on context. The phrase goes from serious to sympathetic, which adds emotional depth. It shows how dajare can combine both humor and real-world situations. 

14. Tousa, katsura katta ka na? (父さん、カツラ買ったかな?)

dajare about dad

Romaji: Tousan, katsura katta ka na?

Meaning: Did Dad buy a wig?

Wordplay: Katsura (wig)

Explanation: This joke involves tou-san (dad) and katsura (wig). It is funny because it is phrased like a serious question, but ends on a silly note with imagining your dad secretly buying a wig. It is great for playing with everyday vocabulary as well as poking fun at family.

15. Ana o hooru (穴をホール)

ana o hooru pun

Romaji: Ana o hooru

Meaning: Dig a hole.

Wordplay: Ana (hole) + hooru (hole)

Explanation: The sentence literally means “Dig a hole,” but it sounds like you are saying, “Hole a hole.” In Japanese, ana is the native word for “hole,” and hooru is a katakana loanword from English with the same meaning. The joke is subtle and plays on bilingual wordplay with a double “hole” that does not sound like much in English, but in Japanese, it is a cute and silly joke that is guaranteed to get some laughs. 

16. Kono okashi, okashii (このお菓子、おかしい)

okashi wa okashii japanese pun

Romaji: Kono okashi, okashii

Meaning: This sweet is weird. 

Wordplay: Okashi (sweets) + okashii  (weird)

Explanation: This dajare can be used as both a critique of a dessert and a punny observation. It is often used when trying unusual Japanese snacks and giving a review. The pun is perfect for describing things such as wasabi Kit Kats or squid ice cream. 

16. Megane ga nai to, me ga ne (ガネがないと、目がね…)

megane japanese wordplay

Romaji: Megane ga nai to, me ga ne

Meaning: Without glasses, my eyes… well…

Wordplay: Megane (glasses) + me ga ne… (my eyes are…)

Explanation: Megane means “glasses,” and me ga ne could be interpreted as “my eyes are…” trailing off. The pun is both visual and verbal, and the ellipsis adds a dramatic pause that makes it funnier when it is spoken. It is relatable for anyone who wears glasses!

17. Kono kanji, ii kanji (この漢字、いい感じ )

Romaji: Kono kanji, ii kanji

Meaning: This kanji, looks good. 

Wordplay: Kanji (Japanese kanji) + kanji (feeling/looks)

Explanation: This pun relies on kanji (Chinese characters) and kanji (feeling). It is a meta-joke about the kanji looking aesthetically pleasing. The repetition makes it catchy and great for textbook humor or classroom jokes.

18. Dajare o itta no wa dajare? (ダジャレを言ったのは誰じゃ?)

dajare pun

Romaji: Dajare o itta no wa dare ja?

Meaning: Who says the pun?

Wordplay: Dajare (pun) + dare ja (who?)

Explanation: Dajare means “pun” in Japanese, and dare ja means “who is it?” Said in an old-man or samurai-style accent, it becomes a silly accusation: “Who made the pun!?” It is often used after someone tells a bad joke, making it the perfect follow-up pun and a more lighthearted follow-up than silence. 

20. Tako ni tako ga dekita (タコにたこができた)

japanese pun about octopus getting a blister

Romaji: Tako ni tako ga dekita

Meaning: The octopus got a blister.

Wordplay: Tako (octopus) + tako (blister)

Explanation: Tako means both “octopus” and “blister.” So this sentence sounds like “A blister formed on the octopus.” It is a cute and clever use of a double meaning that creates an unexpected and funny visual. It is especially beloved by elementary school students and pun enthusiasts alike.

Conclusion

Dajare, or Japanese puns, may be groan-worthy, but they are an iconic and creative part of Japanese humor. Whether it is a quick pun in daily conversations or a full-on gag in a TV skit, mastering these jokes adds a fun layer to your language learning.

Learn to Make Your Own Puns by Learning Japanese!

Want to impress your friends with clever Japanese wordplay? Learn more Japanese with Coto Academy! Our expert teachers don’t just teach you grammar and vocabulary — we help you dive into the fun side of Japanese culture! Whether you’re a beginner or advanced learner, our flexible courses give you the tools to understand, appreciate, and even create your own dajare. 

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FAQ

What does dajare mean in Japanese?

Dajare is a pun or joke based solely on wordplay. There can be different types of dajare, but all are based on the concept of playing around with words and their different meanings. 

Why are puns so common in Japan?

Japanese is full of homophones and similar-sounding words because of its limited set of syllables. This makes it easy to come up with puns. They are also a simple way to break the ice or make people smile.

What is the difference between a dajare and a joke?

A dajare is a specific type of joke that hinges entirely on wordplay, usually a pun based on sound similarities. Regular jokes might involve storytelling, sarcasm, or situational humor.

Are Japanese puns used in anime or manga?

Absolutely, puns are a staple in anime and manga. Characters might crack puns during dialogue to lighten the mood, make others groan, or even help teach kids new vocabulary. 

Start learning Japanese with Coto Academy

Whether you’re just beginning your Japanese study or already at an advanced level, chances are you will still encounter unfamiliar words that leave you reaching for a Japanese dictionary. Whether it’s through an app or a traditional paper dictionary, having the right tool can make all the difference.

As interest in the Japanese language continues to grow, despite its reputation as one of the most challenging languages to learn does the number of available Japanese dictionaries. But with so many options out there, how do you choose the right one? In this article, we will be reviewing the most popular Japanese dictionaries across categories, from paper dictionaries to smartphone apps.

What Makes a Good Japanese Dictionary? 

A good Japanese-to-English dictionary is a must-have tool for all Japanese learners. It helps us to learn Japanese faster and more efficiently. It must have 100% accuracy and be up-to-date, meaning that it must be updated every few years. Looking at the learner level the dictionary is at is also very important, as a beginner isn’t going to be using or learning the same words as someone getting ready to take the JLPT N1.

And lastly, having key features in the dictionary to help users retain more of what they are reading will be useful. This could include having some basic grammar worksheet usage. So, depending on what you are looking for, these key distinctions will help you in deciding which dictionary it is that you may need and can get the most use out of.

Looking for apps to learn Japanese? Check out these 30 apps for Japanese learning!

best japanese dictionary

Best Japanese Paper Dictionaries

Traditional paper dictionaries have been used by people for many years. Because they are printed, they are a reliable source of the most accurate and detailed explanations for words and sentences.  Here are our recommended paper dictionaries for Japanese learners.

1. Kodansha’s Communicative English-Japanese Dictionary

Widely referenced as the most comprehensive English-Japanese dictionary available. It has an all-inclusive word bank of 22,000 words with the support of 190,000 sample questions. It includes Japanese translations for common words, technical terms, and even slang. Additionally, phrasal verbs, specific expressions, idioms, and related grammar points are also included. Most importantly, there is furigana to ensure users the ease of reading.
In conclusion, this is a well-rounded paper dictionary suitable for all levels of Japanese learners.

Buy Kodansha’s Communicative English-Japanese Dictionary on Amazon.

2.Oxford Beginner’s Japanese Dictionary (Multilingual Edition)

This highly rated dictionary was designed to help English-speaking learners have a comprehensive and straightforward introduction to Japanese. It covers vocabulary needed within the first year of study, has notes on grammar, and overall helps guide readers on the culture of Japan. They provide clear examples to show how the language will be used in varying contexts, and is overall well-organized. One of its key features, too, is that the dictionary is split into two sections: The first, where words are organized alphabetically in Japanese, then the second part is organized alphabetically in English.

Buy Oxford’s Beginner Japanese Dictionary on Amazon.

3. Kodansha’s Furigana Dictionary

If you are an absolute beginner in Japanese and would like a dictionary that matches your beginner level. We recommend you use this. It is a basic English-Japanese and Japanese-English dictionary with 30,000 applicable basic Japanese words.
As its name suggests, there is always furigana on top of every kanji in the dictionary to assist the user as they read.
Despite having a smaller word bank, the explanations for each term are precise and comprehensive. For example, words are explained with thousands of examples of sentences. Differences in the usage of similar words are clarified in the dictionary. In conclusion, this is the first Japanese dictionary for beginners.

Buy Kodansha’s Furigana Dictionary on Amazon.

Electronic Japanese Dictionaries

If you feel that it is too troublesome flipping through thousands of pages on a paper dictionary, you may consider getting an electronic one.
Electronic Japanese dictionaries are portable, fast and with useful features such as kanji writing recognition and integrated audio. Some may also have multiple dictionaries stored. This allows you to avoid the trouble of carrying a heavy book around.

Electronic dictionaries have one big weakness – most Japanese electronic dictionaries are built for Japanese English learners. Therefore, the user interface is in Japanese most of the time. If you are a beginner in Japanese, we do not recommend you to get one.

The price of an electronic dictionary depends on its features and the number of dictionaries stored. While older models with basic functions cost less than 40 US dollars, some newer models have more features and bigger word banks are priced up to $500.

Because of the convenient translation websites and apps today, it is almost pointless to spend money on simple electronic dictionaries. As such, we advise you to purchase a newer model with better features. Specific models we recommend is Casio’s ED 9800 Series. It is the comprehensive English-Japanese dictionary series with the latest features. The latest model has the largest word bank supported by 20 English-Japanese dictionaries and 11 Japanese-Japanese dictionaries. Some online dictionaries have audiobooks attached to them, so users are able to double-check what they are saying sounds the same (or similar) to native speakers.

best japanese dictionary

Best Online Japanese Dictionaries and Apps

If you are looking for an easy solution that is also free, we recommend you use an online dictionary and ap dictionary. Online dictionaries and apps only require your phone or laptop and an internet connection (some are even available totally offline). They are extremely convenient, easily accessible, and suitable for most people.
Here are our recommended online dictionaries and apps.

1. Weblio

Weblio, image, photo, picture, illustration
Weblio

Weblio is the largest Japanese dictionary website with about 11,370,000 words recorded. You can simply search for the English explanation of a Japanese word or vice versa. Detailed explanations from different dictionaries will be listed with example sentences, phrases, and related words. However, because of the Japanese UI, this website is only recommended to upper beginners and above.

Check out Weblio.

2. Jisho.org

Jisho, image, photo, picture, illustration
Jisho

This is a powerful English Japanese online dictionary with a simple user interface and easy-to-use functions. Advanced search options allow you to search for Japanese translations, Kanji, example sentences, and names.
You can also look for words by their radicals, drawings, and even voice input in both Japanese and English. And what is really great for Japanese learners is that you can identify words based on their JLPT level. Kanji from the words will also be listed on the right with their pronunciations and meanings. This online dictionary is extremely suitable for self-learners.

Check out Jisho.org.

3. Japanese Dictionary Takoboto (Android)

Japanese Dictionary Takoboto, image, photo, pictures, illustration
Japanese Dictionary Takoboto

Rated the highest on Google Play, this is one of the best free offline Japanese dictionaries for Android. You can search for words using romaji, kana, kanji or alphabets. You can also search for the translation of complete sentences – just like jisho.org, you can search for kanji by their radicals. Other useful features, such as flashcards and custom word lists, make it even more convenient for use by learners.  If you are using an Android device, we highly recommend this app.

Check out Takaboto on Android.

4. Imiwa? (iOS)

Imiwa?, image, photo, picture, illustration
Imiwa?

A wordplay on the Japanese phrase, “What’s the meaning?” Imiwa is a popular free offline multilingual Japanese dictionary for iPhone. Like the one introduced above, this app also has a strong search engine that allows you to search by meaning, romaji, kanji or alphabet. Of course, you can also search for a kanji by radicals or by drawing it out. Animated stroke order diagrams, pronunciations, and definitions of the kanji will be shown in many languages.
For revision, you can review the words in your search history and create your vocabulary lists.  It is very highly rated and often suggested online.

Check out Imiwa on iOS.

5. Japanese(iOS/Android)

Japanese, image, photo, picture, illustration
Japanese

“Japanese” is a comprehensive offline Japanese dictionary for both Android and iPhone. It compiles every useful feature you can find in other Japanese dictionary apps. There are over 175,000 entries and 58,000 example sentences in this app, covering every Japanese word you would see. Moreover, it is more than just a dictionary. For users sitting for the JLPT or the Kanji Kentei, it has ready-built study lists for each level, getting you prepared for the tests.

Check out Japanese in iOS.

6. ALC

ALC is a well-established name in Japan’s language-learning world, known for its dependable and comprehensive resources. Its flagship online dictionary, Eijirou (英辞郎), is especially popular among professionals, including translators, thanks to its extensive database of example sentences, collocations, idiomatic phrases, and technical terms that are often missing from other dictionaries.

It’s particularly strong when you’re dealing with specialized vocabulary or need to understand how a term is used in different contexts. 

Check out ALC.

7. Nihongo

If you’re learning Japanese and use a phone or iPad, Nihongo is one of the best dictionary apps you can get your hands on. Created by developer and Japanese learner Chris Vasselli, the app is designed with learners in mind.

What makes Nihongo stand out is its seamless mix of dictionary and study tools. It automatically creates flashcards from words you look up, lets you add photos to help with memory, and shows whether a word is common, uncommon, or rare. 

There are also some clever features that make learning smoother. The app includes a Safari extension that adds furigana to kanji on websites, a handwriting tool for when you don’t know a kanji’s reading, and a “Clippings” feature that lets you save real Japanese text and study it later. You can even trace words you’ve saved back to the original content they came from. 

Check out Nihongo.

8. Kotobank

Kotobank is a Japanese-language online encyclopedia that lets you search across a wide range of dictionaries, encyclopedias, and databases.

It’s a go-to tool when you want quick, reliable definitions or need to better understand the deeper meaning of a Japanese term. The definitions often provide more nuance and cultural context than you’d get from a simple translation. 

Check out Kotobank.

9. Linguee

Linguee is a free online dictionary that supports multiple language pairs, including Japanese, German, Spanish, and more, translated from English. It’s easy to use and doesn’t require an account or login, which makes it a convenient tool for quick lookups.

What really sets Linguee apart is its vast number of example sentences. In addition to basic, tool-generated examples, it pulls real-world sentences from external sources like multilingual websites. These examples provide richer context and help you see how a word or phrase is actually used in natural writing. While not every translation is perfect—since most aren’t manually reviewed—it’s still an excellent resource for learners. 

Check out Linguee.

10. Tagaini Jisho

Tagaini Jisho is a free Japanese-English dictionary app available for both Mac and Windows. While its interface may look a bit old, it’s packed with features that are especially useful for serious learners. You can filter vocabulary by JLPT level, parts of speech, or kanji elements, making it great for targeted study. It even includes kanji stroke order animations to help with writing practice.

Other standout features include the ability to add custom tags and notes to entries, create flashcards, and even print out study booklets using foldable templates. These print-friendly sheets are perfect if you prefer offline learning or want something to carry around in your pocket.

Check out Tagaini Jisho.

11. Shirabe Jisho (iOS)  

“Shirabe Jisho” is owned by the same users who made Jisho.org, so now having a mobile interface that can be used in both Japanese-English or English-Japanese makes it all the better in our books. Its reliability stands out for users as well, with it having 4.9 stars out of 5 with over 7,500 ratings. 

Check out Shirabe Jisho.

Ready to Learn Japanese? Join Coto Academy!

There are many ways to go about learning Japanese, let alone many options for dictionaries. Take time for yourself and think about what will work best for you and your learning needs before you purchase your next dictionary. What are some features that you think will help you better comprehend Japanese? You could maybe trial a few to see what works best for you before totally submitting to one! 

If you’re looking for in-person practice or one-on-one help from a native speaker, Coto Academy may be what you need! With in-person classes or private online courses, Coto has a variety of options based on your needs to help you learn Japanese culture and language with ease!

If you are interested in studying Japanese in Tokyo, find out more about our school by filling out the form below. Courses can be found here.

FAQ

How do I translate Japanese words into English?

While it may vary dictionary-to-dictionary, most Japanese to English dictionaries have it so you can type or paste in the search box to be provided an instant search result. When it comes to physical dictionaries though, you can look it up alphabetically with the Japanese word. 

How do I search for Japanese words and kanji?

There are many ways of doing this, especially depending on if it’s a physical or e-book. Sometimes you can look it up using a search box, by category, stroke count, or by radicals. 

Should you take the JLPT N5 exam?

Through studying Japanese, taking the JLPT N5 exam may be a great way to stay motivated and see your hard work get good use. It is a good learning experience regardless of the score received, and helps to build structure in your learning goals and skills. 

What is the Japanese word for dictionary?

The Japanese word for dictionary is 辞書(じしょ / jisho).

Love the content you are reading? You might like:

The word keigo (敬語) is written with the kanji that means “to respect” (敬) or “to admire” and the kanji for “language” (語). Japanese society has always cared for hierarchy to the point that honorific speech seems to be a whole other language. If you’re planning to build a fulfilling career in Japan, knowing business Japanese will help you stand out during your job search.

Whatever the reason you are studying Japanese, we believe you are having fun. You enjoyed writing your first hiragana and katakana. Gradually, you were able to express yourself and hold a steady casual conversation in Japanese. Or, at least, that was at the beginning.

As you reach the intermediate step, the fun fades away, and you are shaking your head in despair as you try to understand Japanese honorific speech.

So in this article, we’re guiding you through all the nooks and crannies of Japanese keigo, from the viewpoint of a non-native. We’ll discuss the honorific forms, humble forms, conjugations, and phrases.

Want to boost your career in Japan? Coto Academy’s 3-month Business Japanese Course is designed to help you master keigo (business Japanese) and improve workplace communication skills. Gain the confidence to speak professionally with colleagues and clients, navigate meetings, and open up new career opportunities!

Introduction to Japanese Keigo

Do you know that Japan had a caste system in the past? Until the Meiji restoration, people in different castes would not speak the same Japanese as a form of respect for social ranks. Despite the disappearance of the caste system, honorific speech is still used to mark the degree of intimacy or social standing between people.

To use keigo is to show your consideration and respect for a person older than you or someone with a higher social standing. Age isn’t the only factor. It can be based on a different position or experience in a company, like your senpai (someone who’s more senior). Your speech will differ accordingly to the person in front of you: a friend, a colleague, a chief or a client; and to whom you a referring to yourself, your friend, colleague or client.

But don’t believe keigo speech is easier for native speakers, too. Japanese kids learn keigo the hard way, as they enter junior high school and are confronted with the Japanese hierarchy. Suddenly, they have to mark the difference between 先輩 (elder students) and 後輩 (junior students).

If the thought of learning a whole new style of speaking Japanese sounds scary then you are not alone. Memorizing keigo is a challenge for even Japanese people so it’s good to know that we’re all in the same position. Very often, Japanese people will not learn keigo in school, but during intensive training sessions before they start their first job.

The Concept of Uchi and Soto

To better understand respectful speech, take a peek into the Japanese concept of uchi and soto, or “in-out” (内-外). The idea might seem simple: uchi (内) literally means “inside”, while soto (外) means “outside”. But both words aren’t just about the physical position. They’re used to describe social distance too.

The concept of uchi and soto shapes Japan’s culture. In sociology and social psychology, there is the concept of “in-group” and “out-group”, and the Japanese society takes this matter more seriously — so seriously, in fact, that it plays a significant role in its language.

Basically, an in-group is the social group that you identify as a member of. Out-group, on the other hand, is a group that doesn’t fall into the in-group.

In Japanese, 内 means home. As a concept, uchi (内) reflects in-group and refers to all the people you know inside a specific social circle: your family, your company and your club. For example, inside the 内, family members may drop the title.

In Japanese, soto (外) is the culture’s equivalent to out-group. As a concept, 外 refers to all the people who are not inside your specific social circle. For example, another company’s employee or team rival.

So why are these concepts important in Japanese keigo? Japan, like many Eastern countries that tend to be collectivists, follows the rough idea that conformity in society is more important — the opposite of more individualistic views of Western culture.

In other words, being part of a group is an important element in Japan. Japanese speech differs depending on the social context of what you define as your in-group at the moment.

In-group can go as small as your family and span to a country. Think of the concept of “us” and “them”. This dynamic concept affects social interactions and is reflected in the Japanese language. So keep in mind that you will not use honorific words when speaking about insiders (people from your social circles) to outsiders.

Japanese Keigo for Beginners

Before you actually dive into keigo, you will probably learn the polite verb forms, otherwise known as teinei (丁寧/ていねい). This consists of the stem of a verb and what is called the ~ます form. For example, the verb “to see”, る, becomes ます.

Keigo covers both humble form, kenjougo (謙譲語), and polite form, sonkeigo (尊敬語), with various levels of vocabulary and expressions. This written Japanese offers even more complexity.

When you start to have a good command of Japanese, you will realize that politeness in Japanese is of great importance when dealing with elders or working in a professional environment. You will learn to adjust your speech depending on whether you have a certain intimacy with someone or to emphasize the social rank disparity if you are in a higher position.

ご飯を食べます。
Gohan o tabemasu.

映画をみます。
Eiga o mimasu.

But what if you want to show even more respect to someone? After all, humility is a big part of Japanese culture, in work or social life. Take a look at the table below to see three different levels of “politeness”.

CasualFormalKeigo
お土産をもらった。
Omiyage o moratta
お土産をもらいました。
Omiyage o moraimashita
お土産をいただきました。
Omiyage o itadakimashita.

One of our students joked that a good rule of thumb is this: the longer the sentence become, the more polite and formal it is. We don’t know if it’s entirely true, but that’s the pattern we see.

Now, you’re most likely to use the casual Japanese form with your in-group — who you have an equal or casual relationship with. This can be your classmates who you know very well, your close friends, siblings or even parents.

Going up a notch, the formal form is typically used for someone who has more social distance from you: your teachers, coworkers or strangers.

You use the utmost polite Japanese keigo to someone you deem sits on a much higher social hierarch. This demographic falls to people like your managers, boss and, yes, customers or clients.

But remember the “in-group” and “out-group” concepts again? Japanese people, especially women, have a tendency to use keigo even to a stranger, so don’t be surprised if they talk to you in a very humble and honorific language.

Basic Rules of Keigo

Now that we’ve gotten over who we can use keigo and the concept of uchi and soto, we can deal with the real keigo rules. The Japanese language is actually divided into three groups: the polite style, the humble style and the honorific style.

When using keigo, some words can be substituted for a more respectful version. For example, the word あした (tomorrow) and ひと (person) will become あす and かた respectively. This form of speech is called Aratamatta iikata (改まった言い方): formal speech.

The second thing to know is that Japanese honorific prefixes o or go can be added to certain nouns and verbs. The easiest examples is certainly tea, cha which becomes “o-cha” and family, 家族, which becomes ご家族. 

The adjunction of honorifics after names is also a part of the respectful speech. The polite さん, like Tanaka-san (田中さん) becomes Tanaka-sama (田中様).

1. Polite Japanese: Teineigo (丁寧語)

The polite style is the easiest form of keigo ruled by regular grammar with a structure similar to casual speech. Thus, it is the first form of keigo taught to Japanese language learners. So when you are using です and ます instead of the dictionary form, a considerate and formal tone of Japanese, you are already using keigo.

As a reminder, the copula です comes after nouns, adjectives, and adverbs, generally, at the end of a sentence while the suffix ます is added at the end of a verb.

EnglishRegular丁寧語
I am going to buy a book.本を買いに行く。
Hono kaini iku.
本を買いに行きます。
Hono kaini ikimasu.
The phone is broken.携帯(けいたい)が壊(こわ)れた。
Keitaiga kowareta.
携帯が壊れました。 
Keitaiga kowaremashita.
What is this?これは何だ 。
Korewa nan da.
こちらは何ですか。
Kochirawa nandesuka.

2. Honorific Japanese: Sonkeigo (尊敬語)

This style is to show respect to someone of higher position, like a superior or a customer, when speaking to them. You should never use 尊敬語 form to refer to yourself. The usage of 尊敬語 is difficult to understand, and characterized by lengthy polite sentences. Whereby, common verbs will change for more polite ones and some will even change into a respectful form.

EnglishRegularHonorofic Form
Is Mr. Tanaka here?すみません、田中先生はいますか。
Sumimasen, tanaka-sensei wa imasuka
すみません、田中先生はいらっしゃいますか
Sumimasen, tanaka-sensei wa irasshaimasuka
How was the interview?面接はどうでしたか。
Mensetsu wa dou deshitaka
面接はいかがでしたか。
Mensetsu wa ikaga deshitaka

Humble Keigo: 謙譲語

In the table above, you will find the honorific and humble styles’ special set expressions, along with the polite and casual speech forms.

The following humble set-expressions おります, 参ります, いたします, いただきます, もうします, 存じでおります are part of a third category called 丁重語. This courteous form of keigo is not often referred to and is used when your action does not directly involve the listener, but most likely the person you are talking to is someone to whom you want to be very polite.

EnglishRegular謙譲語
I am Sakura. 私はさくらです。
Watashi wa sakura desu.
私はさくらと申します。
Watashi wa sakura to moushimasu.
The phone is broken.携帯(けいたい)が壊(こわ)れた。
Keitaiga kowareta.
携帯が壊れました。 
Keitaiga kowaremashita.
I read the bookこの本を読みました。
Kono hon o yomimashita.
こちらの本を拝読しました。
Kochira no hon haitokushimashita.

When referring to yourself, you should be humble. When referring to someone in your inner circle, you should humble them too — because the concept of “in-group” stipulates that they’re part of you too.

The kenjougo (謙譲語) is used to lower your social status when speaking about yourself. It should be used when you are speaking to someone of higher social rank when describing the actions of you or someone of your circle. Like for 尊敬語, the 謙譲語 substitutes verbs with other forms. Nouns may also change: the word 人, previously mentioned, will become 者.

This is particularly important in the Japanese work environment. When you’re speaking directly to your manager, you will probably address them in honorific form — because they’re socially higher than you. Easy, right?

Now, what about when you’re talking to your company’s clients, and suddenly need to mention your managers? To refer to them directly, do you use the humble or honorific form?

The answer is humble form. This is because in that moment, your manager is part of your in-group (uchi) and the client is your soto. An important thing to know is that you “raise” people from your out-group while you lower the peope in your in-group, regardless of the individual’s status from the beginning.

Japanese Keigo Conjugation

For both honorific and humble styles, as seen previously, certain verbs have set expressions. For the verbs without such set expressions, they obey keigo conjugations. The first rule is the adjunction of the polite prefix “o” to the stem of the verb.

We often focus on verbs construction and the social relations between a speaker and a listener, but keigo covers more than set expressions and situational examples. In particular, Japanese language uses honorific prefixes. Most of you might know that the Japanese honorific prefixes お (o) or ご (go) can be added to some nouns and verbs.

When used with a noun, it is preceded by either お (o) or ご (go), but is limited to only nouns which indicate actions (suru verbs). For verb, erase the ます and add になる.

EnglishHonorific Form
Verbお + Verb ます (stem form) + になる
Nounお/ご + Noun + になる

部長はいつ海外からお戻りになりますか。

課長はお変えになりました。

You can essentially add お (o) or ご (go) to any nouns to transform it into honorific form, but be careful. Adding too many prefixes will make your sentences sound awkward — we don’t want you trying tohard, and there are other ways to talk in keigo without putting お before every object.

However, you’ll most likely encounter these words without realizing that they are nouns with honorific prefixes.

EnglishHonorific JapaneseRomaji
Teaお茶Ocha
Waterお水Omizu
Alcoholお酒Osake
Mealご飯Gohan
Orderご注文Gochuumon
Sweetsお菓子Okashi
Timeお時間Ojikan

For the humble style, the construction of the verb will be as follows: お/ご + stem of the verb + する. You have certainly heard it before in お+願い+します(“please”).

The honorific style can also be expressed with what is called the “easy keigo” with verbs used in the passive form れる or られる. Although said to be easier, this form of keigo can be confused with the passive voice and should be used with care.

29 Useful Japanese Keigo Phrases for Work

The first step is understanding that some kanji readings and some words are different depending on if you are casual or polite. The easiest example is the word “tomorrow”. You’ll learn 明日 is read あした but, as you progress in your Japanese studies, you’ll quickly encounter the reading あす.

EnglishCasual JapaneseKeigo words for work
Tomorrow明日(あした)明日(あす)
After tomorrow明後日(あさって)明後日(みょうごにち)
Last night昨日の夜昨夜 (さくや)
Tomorrow morning 明日の朝明朝 (みょうちょう)
From tomorrow明日以降後日 (ごじつ)
This year今年本年 (ほんねん)
The other dayこの間先日 (せんじつ)
On that day その日当日 (とうじつ)
Last year: 去年(きょねん)去年(さくねん)
Year before last 一昨年(おととし)一昨年(いっさくねん)
Soon, shortlyもうすぐまもなく
Nowいまただいま
Earlier前に以前 (いぜん)
Later あとで後ほど (あとほど)
Immediatelyすぐにさっそく
This time, now今度このたび
Just nowさっき先ほど (さきほど)
Whereどこどちら
This wayこっちこちら
That wayあっちあちら
Over thereそっちそちら
Which one どっちどちら
Just a minute ちょっと少々 (しょうしょう)
Very, terriblyとても大変 (たいへん)
Very, greatlyすごく非常に (ひじょうに)
How many, how muchどのくらいいかほど
A few, a little: 少し些少(さしょう)
Considerable 多い多大 (ただい)
About, approximately~ぐらい~ほど

When Should I Use Japanese Keigo?

Well, respectful language should be used toward older people, toward distinguished people, and in the workplace. Of course, exceptions exist and that is why keigo is as difficult for native speakers as for learners.

The respectful language can be strictly applied in one company or more loose in another. Foreigners often get slack from the Japanese as they do not expect a non-native to master this speech.

The difficulty also resides in the unknown: a gathering of people you do not know and here you are at loss, not knowing who is eminent, who has your age and who is younger. In some contexts, casual speech is preferred as an ice breaker while Keigo would be considered too distant.

Speaking Keigo As a Foreigner in Japan

While native speakers are expected to use proper keigo (and if they do not, they are seen as unprofessional and will be frowned upon), the same is not always true for non-native speakers. Foreigners are often forgiven for their misuse of keigo and are excused for not having a good command of that high level of Japanese.

That being said, you should do your best to try and learn Japanese keigo. And the best way to master the Japanese honorific is to learn slowly but surely all the ins and outs of respectful speech.

Keigo is also widely used in the workplace. Check out our business Japanese courses and send us an inquiry if you want to know more about Japanese keigo.

Want to study Japanese with us?

FAQ

What is Keigo?

Keigo is the Japanese system of honorific language used to show respect, politeness, and humility depending on the social context.

Why is Keigo important in Japanese?

It reflects respect for hierarchy and social relationships. Using keigo correctly is essential in formal situations like work, customer service, and meeting new people.

What are the main types of Keigo?

  • Teineigo (丁寧語): Polite language using -masu/-desu endings.
  • Sonkeigo (尊敬語): Respectful language for elevating others.
  • Kenjōgo (謙譲語): Humble language to lower yourself or your in-group.

When should I use Sonkeigo?

When referring to the actions of someone above you in status, like a boss, customer, or teacher.

When should I use Kenjougo?

When talking about your own actions in a formal setting, especially in service roles or business.

Is Teineigo enough for daily conversations?

Yes! Teineigo is perfectly fine for general polite conversations, especially if you’re a learner or in casual-professional settings.

Do native speakers always use Keigo perfectly?

Not always. Even native speakers adjust based on context and may sometimes mix forms casually.

How can I practice Keigo?

Listen to real conversations (like in dramas or customer service), mimic phrases, and study common verb transformations for each keigo type.

Is Keigo only for business?

No—while it’s crucial in business, it’s also used in schools, public services, formal events, and when meeting someone for the first time.

Want to work in Japan? You might like related content like:

Have you ever wondered how to describe a position in Japanese? Picture this: you’re wandering through the busy streets of Tokyo and want to ask a local which way leads to the nearest train station. Or maybe you’re sitting in a Japanese classroom, and the teacher is giving directions like “Look up,” “Turn right,” or “Go down the stairs.” What exactly do these phrases mean?

Knowing how to say basic directions like “up,” “down,” “left,” and “right” in Japanese can make these moments much easier and more fun! In this guide, we’ll introduce you to the essential direction words in Japanese and show you how to use them naturally in everyday conversations. Let’s get moving!

up down left right in japanese

Grammar Pattern to Describe Positions in Japanese

In Japanese, there are two main sentence patterns used to describe location, both simple and useful for beginners. In Japanese, to say where something is, you put the position word after the thing you are talking about. You connect them with the particle の (no). Then, you add the particle に (ni) or で (de) after the position word to show the location.

Let’s take a look at how to use them, along with examples to help you speak naturally and confidently!

1. ~ wa ~ no ~ ni arimasu/imasu

This structure emphasizes what you’re talking about first. For example:

テレビはテーブルの上にあります。
Terebi wa teeburu no ue ni arimasu.
The TV is on the table.
Here, “テレビ” is the topic, and the sentence explains its position.

2. ~ no ~ ni ~ ga arimasu/imasu

This structure is useful when pointing out or describing something in a place. For example:

テーブルの上にテレビがあります。
Teeburu no ue ni terebi ga arimasu.
On the table, there is a TV.

In both patterns, use います for people and animals, and あります for objects and inanimate things.

Note: Make sure to know how to read and write hiragana, as a lot of Japanese particles use them.

Positions in Japanese (With Examples)

Now that you know how to describe where something or someone is using basic sentence patterns, it’s time to learn the actual position words in Japanese! Thankfully, many of them correspond closely to English, like “up,” “down,” “left,” “right,” “inside,” and “outside.” These words are used together with particles like の (no) and verbs like あります / います to express location naturally.

One thing to note is the word まえ (前), which can be a bit tricky. It usually means “in front,” but in other grammar patterns, it can also mean “before” (as in time). Context is important, but with practice, you’ll quickly get the hang of it!

Here’s a helpful list of common position words in Japanese:

apaneseRomajiEnglish Meaning
ueup / above
shitadown / under
maein front / before
後ろushirobehind
nakainside
sotooutside
hidarileft
migiright
yokobeside / next to
aidabetween

Examples of Describing Up, Down, Left & Right in Japanese

1. 上: Above/on

かばんはいすの上にあります

kabanwa isuno ueni arimasu

The bag is on the chair

2. 下: Below/under

below or under in japanese

(き)のにいます

ikuwa kino shitani arimasu

The dog is under the tree.

3. 左: Left 

how to describe left position in japanese

ペン携帯(けいたい)があります

Penno hidarini keitaiga arimasu

There is a phone on the left side of the pen.

4. 右: Right

describing right position in japanese

私(わたし)先生(せんせい)がいます

Watashino migini senseiga imasu

There is a teacher on my right.

Examples of Describing Inside, Outside, Front, and Back in Japanese

You can also use the two sentence patterns mentioned earlier to make sentences with these position words.

1. 中: Inside

how to use inside in japanese

りんごはバスケットの中にあります。

Ringowa basukettono nakani arimasu

The apples are in the basket.

2. 外: Outside

家(いえ)の外に自転車(じでんしゃ)があります。

Ieno sotoni jidenshaga arimasu

There is a bike outside my house.

3. 前: In front

how to describe position in japanese

テレビの前にボールがあります。

Terebino maeni bouruga arimasu

There is a ball in front of the TV.

4. 後ろ: Behind

behind in japanese

子供(こども)の後ろ(うしろ)にねこがいます。

Kodomono ushironi nekoga imasu

There is a cat behind the kid.

5. 隣: Tonari

病院の隣にコンビニがあります。

Byouinno tonarini connbiniga arimasu

There is a convenience store beside the hospital.

6. 近く: Nearby something

using nearby or tonari in japanese

この近くに銀行があります。

Konochikakuni ginkouga arimasu

There is a bank nearby.

What’s Next? Learn More Phrases with Coto Academy!

Now you know the 10 common Japanese positioning words, do you know how to ask for directions in Japanese? What about other common Japanese phrases?

Master more basic Japanese language skills with Coto Academy, a leading Japanese language school with campuses in Iidabashi, Shibuya and Yokohama! Join part-time Japanese classes or a full-time intensive program based on your level and goal!

Want to learn more Japanese phrases? Read our guide on:

FAQ

What are the post positions in Japanese?

Post positions in Japanese are particles like に (ni), で (de), and の (no) that come after words to show location, direction, or possession.

Do Japanese go up and down or left to right?

Japanese can be written both vertically (top to bottom, right to left) and horizontally (left to right).

How do you say up in Japanese?

Up in Japanese is 上 (うえ, ue).

How do you say left and right in Japanese?

Left is 左 (ひだり, hidari) and right is 右 (みぎ, migi).

ください (kudasai) and おねがいします (onegaishimasu) are one of the first phrases you’ll hear when you’re studying Japanese, typically used to ask for a favor or request. Their versatility — not to mention their relation to Japan’s culture of politeness and humility — is the reason you’ll find Japanese people using them a lot.

In essence, both words mean “please,” and it’s easy to use them interchangeably. Sure, in English, there’s only one way to say “please”, but in Japanese, it is a bit different. ください and おねがいします, but their contextual meaning and how to use them are different. .

This little semantic difference is backed by years and years of cultural preference. Beyond a simple translation, they are selectively used depending on the tone, context and sentence structure you’re going for. So when and how do you use kudasai and onegaishimasu separately? Continue reading in this blog!

Before we go further into the article, note that this article will use hiragana, so prior knowledge of them is a must. If you’re still learning them, don’t worry. Take a look at our hiragana chart to review them.

Jump to:

The Literal Meaning of Kudasai and Onegaishimasu

ください or 下さい is derived from the verb くださる, which means to ”give me”. It is the humble honorific verb that means the same as くれる. Following this, ください is used when you want to get something from the other speaker or party. In English, we can translate it to “Please give me (this).” Thus the verb is describing the action of the “requester”

On the other hand, おねがいします or お願いします comes from the word 願い・ねがい, which means “wish” or “hope“. When you use おねがいします, you are basically asking someone to humbly do you a favor. Think of it as describing the action of the requestor. When used to tell someone to do something with おねがいします, it becomes less of a wish and more of an instruction (“to request”). When you are saying おねがいします, you are literally saying either “I’d like that” or “I beg of you.”

To get a better picture of how these two phrases differ, check out the example sentences.

ラーメン を ひとつください。
Give me one (bowl) of ramen.

サラダ を お願いします。
さらだ を おねがいします。
Salad, please.

Now that you know the literal meaning, let’s get into both words’ contextual implications.

Contextual Meaning of Kudasai (ください)

1. ください is used when asking something for yourself (or your group)

While these two words can be roughly translated as “please”, ください is used to make a request for something you are entitled to. In other words, you can’t use kudasai on someone’s behalf.

For example, Nをください translates to “Please give me N.” Take a look at a simple example below.

A:これ を ください (Please give me this)。
B:はい (Yes)。

2. ください is used to ask someone who is equal or below your social status

In Japan and its society, rank is important, and your position will determine the degree of politeness. This is why keigo (humble Japanese form used in business or work) is a big part of Japanese culture.

A teacher who is requesting something from their student will use ください instead of おねがいします because, having to bear the higher title, they can speak more casually. The same can be said when you are a guest (お客さま) ordering at a store or a restaurant.

You wouldn’t want to use “kudasai” to your manager or supervisor. Instead, you use it for making a request to a friend or someone who has a lower social status, like your こうはい (your junior at work or school).

鉛筆 を ください
えんぴつ を ください
Give me the pencil.

Notice that in these example sentences, ください feels more like a command, closer to order. ください’s blatancy can feel awkward when it’s used to someone with a higher social status.

3. ください is used for only concrete or tangible things

You can only use ~をください for concrete things. For things like an understanding, explanation or other non-tangible requests, opt for おねがいします instead.

You can, however, tie the object with a verb (~te form) and add ください. Take a look at the example below.

説明 を 下さい。
せつめい を ください
Explain, please (wrong).

説明して下さい。
せつめいしてください
Please explain (correct).

4. ください is more casual when requesting an object

Simply speaking, ください has a more casual (not to be mistaken as rude) tone than おねがいします. It implies a demand and want, rather than a wish or request.

The same way Japanese men and women uses different suffix (kun, chan or san) and first-and-second pronouns (watashi, ore or boku), you’ll tend to hear men use ください more often than women.

水 を ください
みず を ください
Give me (a glass of) water.

5. ください can be used to make formal commands

You can’t use onegaishimasu for commands, but you can use kudasai to do an action using the ~て formula. This is because “kudasai” can be used with a verb.

Keep in mind that ください is a less polite way of requesting an object (something tangible), but when it comes to making an order, it is considered polite. Take a look at the example below.

座ってください。
すわってください。
Please take a seat.

食べてください。
たべてください。
Please eat.

ちょっと待ってください
ちょっとまってください。
Please wait a moment.

To make the command more casual (be careful when using it), you can omit the ください.

ちょっと待ってね。
ちょっとまってね
Wait.

Note that you can use a verb with onegaishimasu, but you have to change the verb into a noun. In this case, adding の (no) after it nominalizes a verb.

Contextual Meaning of Onegaishimasu (おねがいします)

1. おねがいします is used to make requests for someone who is higher than you or a stranger

Onegaishimasu has a more passive and humble tone to it. In fact, you’ll find おねがいします partnered together in other formal phrases: when you meet someone, when you reply to a mail or when you’re working together. It’s more commonly used to request a favor from a superior or someone you don’t know. This is because おねがいします is closer to “I beg of you” than “would you please.”

水をください。
みずをください。
(Give me) water, please.

水をお願いします。
みずをおねがいします
(A glass of) water, please.

Notice that in the example, kudasai feels more direct. This relates to Japanese culture. Japanese people are generally indirect communicators. They may be ambiguous when answering questions and making requests to prevent a loss of face or out of politeness. You can also use ‘kudasai’ for an item, but if you want to be more formal when requesting an object, use おねがいします instead.

If you want to be more humble use, you’d say おねがいいたします. いたします is the most humble form of “do” or する.

3. おねがいします is used when you are requesting a service you can’t fulfill yourself

東京駅 まで お願いします。
とうきょうえき まで おねがいします。
To Tokyo Station, please.

When you’re requesting service for something you can’t do yourself, you mustn’t use kudasai. In the above situation above, you can’t travel to Tokyo Station alone. Instead, you’re asking a taxi driver to do it for you.

4. おねがいします is used for asking to speak to someone on the phone

This is one of the situations where only おねがいします is used (the other being asking for a service). When asking to speak to someone on the phone, you can only use おねがいします. You can’t ask someone to “give” you a person.

田中さんお願いします。
たなかさんおねがいします。
May I speak to Mr. Tanaka?

Similarly, you can’t ask for someone using kudasai as it is considered rude.

べんごしおねがいします。
May I have a lawyer, please.

5. おねがいします can be used to request abstract objects

~をお願いします can be used when you ask for abstract or non-tangible things. This includes explanations, understanding or cooperation.

One of the examples is an expression you’d often hear on train platforms or informal announcements.

ご協力 を おねがいします。
ごきょうりょく を おねがいします。
We ask for your cooperation.

ご理解 を おねがいします
ごりかい を おねがいします。
We ask for your understanding.

Note that we use “go” ご to add a feeling of politeness. In Japanese, it is common to use the prefixes お and ご when using keigo. If you want to know more about them, check our introduction to Japanese honorific and humble form here.

How to Use Kudasai (ください)

Noun + を + ください

Kudasai (ください) is put after an object and its o particle (を).

Example sentenceEnglish translation
スタンプ(を)ください。Stamp, please.
カフェラテ(を)ください。(One) caffe latte, please.
おかわり(を)ください。Please refill

It’s common in everyday conversation to skip the o (を) particle when using ください.

Verb ~て + ください

For this, you will need to know how to conjugate Japanese verbs into ~te (~て). There are three different conjugation groups, with some irregular verbs that have exceptions to the て form rules. If you haven’t learned them already, we’ve made a separate blog post on how to transform a verb into a ~te verb, complete with handy illustrated cards.

Example sentenceEnglish translation
自分の袋を持ってください
じぶんのふくろをもってください。
Please bring your own bag.
毎日勉強してください
まいにちべんきょうしてください。
Please study every day
写真を撮ってください
しゃしんをとってください。
Please take a picture.

How to Use Onegaishimasu (おねがいします)

Noun + を + おねがいします

Similar to kudasai, おねがいします follows the o particle (を) and the object of the sentence. Remember that while you can replace ください with おねがいします, it depends on the context and social circumstances.

を in ~をおねがいします can be skipped, particularly in spoken conversations.

Example sentenceEnglish translation
よやくをおねがいします。I want to make a reservation, please.
でんわをおねがいします。Please make a phone call.
メニューをおねがいします。(I want to see) the menu, please.

おねがいします can stand alone

はい、お願いします。
Yes, please.

宜しくお願いします。
よろしくおねがいします。
This phrase roughly translates to “I hope things go well” or “I hope you treat me well”.

There are a number of ways to translate the meaning of よろしくおねがいします, but the important point to note is that it is not said with regards to something that has already happened. Instead, it is used as an expression of gratitude, apology, explanation, or expression of something that will happen in the future.

Nominalized verb + おねがいします

To do this, use a plain-form verb and attach it to a の (no)

Plain formVerb to noun
to eatたべるたべるの
to drinkのむのむの
to seatすわるすわるの
to goいくいくの
to readよむよむの

For the word たべるの, because it essentially becomes a noun, you can use it with おねがいします and do the following:

たべるの(を)おねがいします。

ちょっとまっておねがいします
Please wait a moment. Wrong.

Although using it is pretty simple, we strongly advise you to say まってください instead.

Conclusion

Ultimately, both are equivalent to “please”, so you’re not going to be wrong no matter which one you use. Just remember that kudasai can be used for a te-form verb. Once you find your footing and preference, using them will be a breeze.

Start Taking Japanese Lessons at Coto Language Academy. Learn the “Real” Japan!

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FAQ

How do you use ください in Japanese?

 ”ください” is used to politely request something, like saying “please give me” or “please do” in English.

How to use まで in a sentence?

“まで” means “until” or “up to” and marks the endpoint of time, place, or quantity (e.g., 5時まで = until 5 o’clock).

Do you use ください when ordering food?

Yes, you can use “ください” when ordering food to politely ask for a menu item (e.g., ラーメンをください = Ramen, please).

Why do girls say やめてください?

“やめてください” means “please stop,” and girls (or anyone) use it to politely ask someone to stop doing something unwanted.

Want to learn more Japanese phrases? Read our guide on:

For many of us, our love for Japan began with manga, whether it was action-packed cult classics like One Piece or something more niche in the shoujo (genre for young women) comics. So why not turn that passion into a way to learn Japanese? We get it—you might be thinking: Is that even possible? Don’t I need to know a ton of kanji to be able to read manga?

Similar to using anime to learn Japanese, reading untranslated Japanese manga can be a great tool to aid your study. Like anime, it is packed with conversational Japanese while also providing visual aid. The visual artwork helps you understand the context without needing to know every word being said. But the best part about manga is you don’t have to worry about pausing when you miss something. 

Whether you’re a fan of manga or looking for a place to start, we will provide recommendations of stories that you can sink into while learning Japanese. We will separate the categories from beginner, intermediate, to advanced. Two birds with one stone, right?

Getting Started with Japanese Manga 

Different from Western comic books, manga (漫画) refers to Japanese comic books or graphic novels. It’s a hugely popular form of entertainment in Japan and around the world, covering a wide range of genres, from action, romance, and fantasy to slice-of-life, horror, and even business or cooking.

Can I Learn Japanese with Manga?

Absolutely! Manga can be a fun and surprisingly effective way to learn Japanese, especially if you’re already a fan.

One of the biggest advantages is that many manga include furigana: small hiragana characters written alongside kanji. This helps readers understand the pronunciation without constantly reaching for a dictionary, making it ideal for learners still building their kanji skills.

Since most manga are driven by dialogue, the sentences are usually short and conversational. That means you’ll get exposed to natural Japanese in bite-sized, manageable chunks, unlike dense textbook passages. And unlike anime, there’s no need to pause and rewind. You can take your time, reread tricky lines, and even jot down new vocabulary as you go.

Of course, manga is best used as a complement to your studies. It won’t replace structured learning, but it’s a great way to reinforce grammar, grow your vocabulary, and make studying feel more enjoyable.

Here are a few ways you can learn and read manga:

1. Start off with easier manga, such as slice of life manga

This part is very important and is skipped more often than not. If you are starting from scratch, perhaps Naruto might not be the best starting point. It’s very easy to get excited and try to read your favorite titles, but not understanding any of the language will defeat the purpose of reading in Japanese and having fun doing it. But don’t worry! There are plenty of captivating manga you can read that contain more entry-level Japanese. 

2. Find manga with furigana

Most manga written for younger audiences will feature furigana or hiragana written above kanji and sometimes katakana. Since children still can’t read many kanji, manga written for them will have hiragana to help them read through the whole manga. 

3. Use the artwork to understand context

Rather than looking up every word you don’t understand, try seeing if you can understand the text based on the visual artwork. 

4. Keep your phone handy to translate

If the visuals aren’t enough to understand specific terms, keep your phone or translator handy while reading. There might be one word or so that you need to know to understand the whole context, so don’t be afraid to translate when needed. 

The best manga are ones that are interesting and keep you coming back and reading consistently. So at the end of the day, choose based on your preferences. This is also why we tried to vary the genres on this list. 

Where to Buy Japanese Manga

Of course, we’re talking about manga in its untranslated form. If you’re living overseas, the most popular manga are likely already translated into your native language—or at least English!

Don’t worry—the great news is that whether you’re in Japan or abroad, there are plenty of convenient ways to get your hands on manga. In general, if you live overseas, you can probably get manga through online stores like Amazon. 

Where to buy manga online 

  • Amazon Japan: Ships internationally for many titles. Some manga also provide a digital version, which you can download on Kindle!
  • CDJapan: Specializes in Japanese media, including manga.
  • BookWalker: Official digital manga store, great for ebooks.
  • Kinokuniya: International bookstore chain with an online shop.

Where to buy manga in Japan

If you’re in Japan, it’s the opposite: most manga are naturally in Japanese, giving you the perfect chance to practice the language. Local bookshops and major department stores usually have manga sections.

  • Book Off:  Popular secondhand bookstore chain.
  • Tsutaya: Large bookstore with a good manga selection.
  • Kinokuniya:  Found in major cities and airports.

Best Manga To Learn Japanese For Beginners

1.  Blue Box (アオのハコ)

blue box manga
  • Genre: Sports, Romance
  • JLPT Level: N5 – N4
  • Length: 20 volumes

Blue Box is a beloved romantic-comedy sports manga by Koji Miura, serialized in Weekly Shonen Jump since April 2021. Blue Box follows Taiki, a high school badminton player, who develops feelings for Chinatsu, a basketball star.

This manga is a blend of innocent romance and gripping sports genres, making a captivating read you can’t put down. The sports aspect of the manga is extremely inspiring and emotionally satisfying as you see the characters progress their skills and, of course, their relationships with each other. 

The Japanese texts are easy to understand and do not dive too deep into sports-related terms. So, it makes for a fun, action-packed story that you can fly through while picking up practical Japanese.

Buy Blue Box on Amazon.

2. Shirokuma Cafe (しろくまカフェ)

2. Shirokuma Cafe (しろくまカフェ)
  • Genre: Slice of Life, Comedy
  • JLPT Level: N4 & above
  • Length: 5

This light-hearted manga follows a lazy panda who befriends a polar bear running a cafe. Filled with puns and a delightful atmosphere of anthropomorphic animals, this quirky manga is an amazing introduction to how to use Japanese with more humor and figurative speech.

However, the puns do make references that some of us might not understand. So, keep your phone handy to look up certain words or puns that might fly over your head!

Buy Shirokuma Cafe Volume 1 on Amazon

3. Flying Witch (ふらいんぐうぃっち)

3. Flying Witch (ふらいんぐうぃっち)
  • Genre: Comedy, Supernatural, Slice of Life
  • JLPT Level: N4 – N3
  • Length: 14 volumes

This is a light-hearted, comedic, fantasy manga that follows the daily life of a witch who has just moved to rural Aomori Prefecture. This manga is essentially if Studio Ghibli’s Kiki’s Delivery Service meets more comedy. The Japanese language is pretty easy to read while still being quite fun, and will definitely make you giggle. 

There’s just one character who might be tricky to understand because of his strong dialect, but don’t worry, even the main character struggles with him! Luckily, another character usually “translates” his lines into standard Japanese, so we can follow along easily.

Buy Flying Witch Volume 1 on Amazon

4. Yotsuba&! (よつばと!)

4. Yotsuba&! (よつばと!)
  • Genre: Slice of life
  • JLPT Level: N5 – N4

We couldn’t possibly exclude Yotsuba&! on this list. It’s one of the most popular manga for Japanese learners. The manga follows a 5-year-old girl whose curiosity takes her on different adventures and has her asking about everything. Through the lens of this child, we are able to pick up new vocabulary along with her. 

There are a few things to keep in mind: the manga does sometimes have colloquial or even purposely incorrect grammar and words meant to be played for humor. A complete beginner might miss this or mistakenly believe everything written is correct. 

Another thing to consider is that since the story follows a young child in her daily life, it won’t have any crazy action, drama or deep plots. It’s a very simple, light-hearted story. This may or may not be your cup of tea.

Buy Yotsuba&! Volume 1 on Amazon

5. Coro Coro Comics (コロコロコミく)

5. Coro Coro Comics (コロコロコミく)
  • JLPT Level: N4 – N3
  • Length: Around 750 pages each, the magazine is ongoing

This is not really a manga series but rather a manga magazine releasing new issues monthly. It features stories from popular franchises such as Doraemon, Pokemon, and Detective Conan. This magazine is intended for children mostly below junior high, so the Japanese is at a much easier level. You can find a variety of fun stories from titles you recognize, and they can be great Japanese reading practice.

Buy Coro Coro Comics July 2025 Edition on Amazon

Best Manga To Learn Japanese For Intermediate

If you have a couple of years of Japanese learning experience and can read at around an N3 level, then you are probably ready for something a bit more challenging. The manga in this list still mostly have furigana but have more complex language and vocabulary.

6. Hajime no Ippo (はじめの一歩)

6. Hajime no Ippo (はじめの一歩)
  • Genre: Sports
  • JLPT Level: N3 & above
  • Length: 143 volumes

Hajime no Ippo is about a small high school boy who was often bullied — until he discovered boxing. Even if you’re not a sports fan, this manga (and anime) is incredibly inspiring, with a passion that’s truly contagious. Like Slam Dunk or Haikyu!!, Hajime no Ippo will make you see a sport you knew little about in a whole new light.

The manga is packed with sports and boxing terms, which can be helpful if you want to do combat sports in Japan. Overall, Japanese is not too complicated, and most of the kanji have furigana. It is still ongoing, and there is tons of material for Japanese practice.

Get Hajime no Ippo Volume 1

7.  One Piece (ワンピース)

7.  One Piece (ワンピース)
  • Genre: Adventure, Comedy, Action
  • JLPT Level: N3 & above
  • Length: 112 volumes

One Piece is a manga about the free-spirited Monkey D. Luffy with powers making him as elastic as rubber or ガムガム (gamu gamu). The series almost needs no introduction since anyone can recognize its unique and quirky art that immediately hooks you in. The series’ simple but character-driven plot allows for a story that connects you to everyone you meet and will keep you reading.

The One Piece anime is one of the longest-running anime ever, but the manga is shorter and reads much faster. You will keep getting new material to immerse yourself in, with the added benefit of practicing your Japanese. 

Get One Piece Volume 1

8. Detective Conan (名探偵コナン)

8. Detective Conan (名探偵コナン)
  • Genre: Crime, Detective, Mystery, Drama
  • JLPT Level: N3 & above
  • Length: 107 volumes

Detective Conan is one of the most popular anime and manga series in Japan, and for good reason. The crime cases are riveting. It follows a brilliant high school detective who’s mysteriously turned into a child. As he solves cases in his younger form, he must keep his true identity a secret while chasing the biggest mystery of all.

While manga has a lot of crime and detective-related vocabulary, there is plenty of useful Japanese to pick up for daily life. Even when cases get somewhat complicated, the visuals in the artwork provide enough context to understand what is being described. With the TV show being just as long, learning Japanese with the anime is also great for comprehension practice!

Get Detective Conan Volume 1 on Amazon

Best Manga To Learn Japanese For Advanced Learners

Get ready to jump into stories that don’t hold back in terms of language and kanji. The manga in this list are primarily written for an adult audience, so don’t expect much furigana and expect language that dives into more complex themes.

9. Akira (アキラ)

  • Genre: Sci-fi, Cyber-punk
  • Length: 6 volumes
  • JLPT Level: N2

If you have seen and loved the movie, you should check out the manga since it expands on the world and plot substantially more. Set in a post-apocalyptic, futuristic Tokyo called “Neo-Tokyo”, the story set in the Akira universe plays with motifs of identity, economic inequality, and corruption within the backdrop of cyberpunk aesthetics. Some would argue that Akira is one of the most influential pioneers of the cyberpunk genre!  

The story deals with heavy socio-economic, psychological, and philosophical themes, so expect rather high-level Japanese and mature topics. If you haven’t seen the movie, it’s all the more reason to read one of the most influential stories to have ever come from Japan.

Get Akira Volume 1 on Amazon

10.  Vagabond (バガボンド)

10.  Vagabond (バガボンド)

Genre: Period, Samurai, Martial arts

Length: 37 volumes

JLPT Level: N2 – N1

In a fictionalized story about the real-life sword master, Musashi Miyamoto, we are taken along a gifted swordman’s journey of growth and self-realization. The artwork is not only beautiful, drawing you in on every panel, but there is a poetic nature to each page and profound lessons we learn through the lens of our protagonist. 

The philosophy is just as intriguing as its action scenes since it doesn’t shy away from themes of life & death, morality, and humanity. With that being said, the Japanese will be more complex, using more figurative language and sometimes more archaic terms due to the period setting. This manga is a must-read if you’re an advanced Japanese learner who loves the samurai genre.

Get Vagabond Volume 1 on Amazon

Bonus Manga:  A History of Japan (コミック昭和史 Showa)

Bonus Manga:  A History of Japan (コミック昭和史 Showa)
  • Genre: Historical
  • Length: 8 volumes
  • JLPT Level: N2

This is one for the history buffs. This manga is an autobiography of the author’s experience living through the Showa period, which spans from 1936 to 1989. The author details the daily life of living through World War II, which he tries to show as normal and yet surreal. He highlights this surreal feeling by drawing the main characters in a very cartoonish style, which contrasts sharply with the hyper-realistic depictions of the environments, battleships, and everything related to the war.

This manga is considered by many as a masterpiece in historical literature. It doesn’t hold back in showing the raw emotions and moods of the Japanese during the war. It does dive into rather heavy themes of military power and its implications. The reading level is not extremely complex, but there will be a lot of military, strategy, and political terminology that might be difficult to read. If you want to learn a ton of history and Japanese, this manga should be on your reading list.

Showa: A History of Japan Volume 1

Closing Thoughts On Manga For Learning Japanese

At the end of the day, the best manga for you to learn Japanese is the one you’re the most interested in. Our list is just some of our top picks based on the language and how much we love these stories (in our humble opinion). However, we do recommend starting off at a reading level that matches your current abilities in Japanese. 

To get more practice and perhaps reach the level needed to read your favorite manga, take a look at our Coto Academy’s courses. We offer part-time or intensive Japanese lessons!

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FAQ

Can you learn Japanese with manga?

Yes, it is possible to learn Japanese with manga. It is normal to feel overwhelmed with the Japanese and to not know all of the language even if you’ve been studying for a while. With manga you can use the artwork to better understand the context of the text, which can actually help you ingrain new terminologies.

Which manga is best for learning Japanese as a complete beginner?

Manga that are written or geared towards children are best for total beginners to learn Japanese. For example, Yotsuba&!, Ao no Hako, Shirokuma Cafe, Flying Witch, and Coro Coro Manga magazine are great for beginners to pick up due to the simpler dialogue.

What level of Japanese would be needed to read most manga?

The level of Japanese would depend on the manga since some have more layered plots and complex themes. However, to read some of the most popular manga, such as One Piece, Naruto, or Bleach, being able to read and comprehend at an N3 level is most recommended to actually understand the story without looking up every other word.

Does Manga have a lot of kanji? Do they have furigana?

Many popular manga like One Piece are shonen, aimed at younger readers, so they include furigana: small hiragana that show how to read the kanji. In contrast, seinen manga for adults usually have little or no furigana, making them harder to read.