Have you ever wondered how to describe a position in Japanese? Picture this: you’re wandering through the busy streets of Tokyo and want to ask a local which way leads to the nearest train station. Or maybe you’re sitting in a Japanese classroom, and the teacher is giving directions like “Look up,” “Turn right,” or “Go down the stairs.” What exactly do these phrases mean?
Knowing how to say basic directions like “up,” “down,” “left,” and “right” in Japanese can make these moments much easier and more fun! In this guide, we’ll introduce you to the essential direction words in Japanese and show you how to use them naturally in everyday conversations. Let’s get moving!
Grammar Pattern to Describe Positions in Japanese
In Japanese, there are two main sentence patterns used to describe location, both simple and useful for beginners. In Japanese, to say where something is, you put the position word after the thing you are talking about. You connect them with the particle の (no). Then, you add the particle に (ni) or で (de) after the position word to show the location.
Let’s take a look at how to use them, along with examples to help you speak naturally and confidently!
1. ~ wa ~ no ~ ni arimasu/imasu
This structure emphasizes what you’re talking about first. For example:
テレビはテーブルの上にあります。 Terebi wa teeburu no ue ni arimasu. The TV is on the table. Here, “テレビ” is the topic, and the sentence explains its position.
2. ~ no ~ ni ~ ga arimasu/imasu
This structure is useful when pointing out or describing something in a place. For example:
テーブルの上にテレビがあります。 Teeburu no ue ni terebi ga arimasu. On the table, there is a TV.
In both patterns, use います for people and animals, and あります for objects and inanimate things.
Note: Make sure to know how to read and write hiragana, as a lot of Japanese particles use them.
Positions in Japanese (With Examples)
Now that you know how to describe where something or someone is using basic sentence patterns, it’s time to learn the actual position words in Japanese! Thankfully, many of them correspond closely to English, like “up,” “down,” “left,” “right,” “inside,” and “outside.” These words are used together with particles like の (no) and verbs like あります / います to express location naturally.
One thing to note is the word まえ (前), which can be a bit tricky. It usually means “in front,” but in other grammar patterns, it can also mean “before” (as in time). Context is important, but with practice, you’ll quickly get the hang of it!
Here’s a helpful list of common position words in Japanese:
apanese
Romaji
English Meaning
上
ue
up / above
下
shita
down / under
前
mae
in front / before
後ろ
ushiro
behind
中
naka
inside
外
soto
outside
左
hidari
left
右
migi
right
横
yoko
beside / next to
間
aida
between
Examples of Describing Up, Down, Left & Right in Japanese
1. 上: Above/on
かばんはいすの上にあります
kabanwa isuno ueni arimasu
The bag is on the chair
2. 下: Below/under
犬は木(き)の下にいます
ikuwa kino shitani arimasu
The dog is under the tree.
3. 左: Left
ペンの左に携帯(けいたい)があります
Penno hidarini keitaiga arimasu
There is a phone on the left side of the pen.
4. 右: Right
私(わたし)の右に先生(せんせい)がいます
Watashino migini senseiga imasu
There is a teacher on my right.
Examples of Describing Inside, Outside, Front, and Back in Japanese
You can also use the two sentence patterns mentioned earlier to make sentences with these position words.
1. 中: Inside
りんごはバスケットの中にあります。
Ringowa basukettono nakani arimasu
The apples are in the basket.
2. 外: Outside
家(いえ)の外に自転車(じでんしゃ)があります。
Ieno sotoni jidenshaga arimasu
There is a bike outside my house.
3. 前: In front
テレビの前にボールがあります。
Terebino maeni bouruga arimasu
There is a ball in front of the TV．
4. 後ろ: Behind
子供(こども)の後ろ(うしろ)にねこがいます。
Kodomono ushironi nekoga imasu
There is a cat behind the kid．
5. 隣: Tonari
病院の隣にコンビニがあります。
Byouinno tonarini connbiniga arimasu
There is a convenience store beside the hospital.
6. 近く: Nearby something
この近くに銀行があります。
Konochikakuni ginkouga arimasu
There is a bank nearby.
What’s Next? Learn More Phrases with Coto Academy!
Post positions in Japanese are particles like に (ni), で (de), and の (no) that come after words to show location, direction, or possession.
Do Japanese go up and down or left to right?
Japanese can be written both vertically (top to bottom, right to left) and horizontally (left to right).
How do you say up in Japanese?
Up in Japanese is 上 (うえ, ue).
How do you say left and right in Japanese?
Left is 左 (ひだり, hidari) and right is 右 (みぎ, migi).
ください (kudasai) and おねがいします (onegaishimasu) are one of the first phrases you’ll hear when you’re studying Japanese, typically used to ask for a favor or request. Their versatility — not to mention their relation to Japan’s culture of politeness and humility — is the reason you’ll find Japanese people using them a lot.
In essence, both words mean “please,” and it’s easy to use them interchangeably. Sure, in English, there’s only one way to say “please”, but in Japanese, it is a bit different. ください and おねがいします, but their contextual meaning and how to use them are different. .
This little semantic difference is backed by years and years of cultural preference. Beyond a simple translation, they are selectively used depending on the tone, context and sentence structure you’re going for. So when and how do you use kudasai and onegaishimasu separately? Continue reading in this blog!
Before we go further into the article, note that this article will use hiragana, so prior knowledge of them is a must. If you’re still learning them, don’t worry. Take a look at our hiragana chart to review them.
ください or 下さい is derived from the verb くださる, which means to ”give me”. It is the humble honorific verb that means the same as くれる. Following this, ください is used when you want to get something from the other speaker or party. In English, we can translate it to “Please give me (this).” Thus the verb is describing the action of the “requester”
On the other hand, おねがいします or お願いします comes from the word 願い・ねがい, which means “wish” or “hope“. When you use おねがいします, you are basically asking someone to humbly do you a favor. Think of it as describing the action of the requestor. When used to tell someone to do something with おねがいします, it becomes less of a wish and more of an instruction (“to request”). When you are saying おねがいします, you are literally saying either “I’d like that” or “I beg of you.”
To get a better picture of how these two phrases differ, check out the example sentences.
ラーメン を ひとつください。 Give me one (bowl) of ramen.
サラダ を お願いします。 さらだ を おねがいします。 Salad, please.
Now that you know the literal meaning, let’s get into both words’ contextual implications.
Contextual Meaning of Kudasai (ください)
1. ください is used when asking something for yourself (or your group)
While these two words can be roughly translated as “please”, ください is used to make a request for something you are entitled to. In other words, you can’t use kudasai on someone’s behalf.
For example, Nをください translates to “Please give me N.” Take a look at a simple example below.
A：これ を ください (Please give me this)。 B：はい (Yes)。
2. ください is used to ask someone who is equal or below your social status
In Japan and its society, rank is important, and your position will determine the degree of politeness. This is why keigo (humble Japanese form used in business or work) is a big part of Japanese culture.
A teacher who is requesting something from their student will use ください instead of おねがいします because, having to bear the higher title, they can speak more casually. The same can be said when you are a guest (お客さま) ordering at a store or a restaurant.
You wouldn’t want to use “kudasai” to your manager or supervisor. Instead, you use it for making a request to a friend or someone who has a lower social status, like your こうはい (your junior at work or school).
鉛筆 を ください えんぴつ を ください Give me the pencil.
Notice that in these example sentences, ください feels more like a command, closer to order. ください’s blatancy can feel awkward when it’s used to someone with a higher social status.
3. ください is used for only concrete or tangible things
You can only use ～をください for concrete things. For things like an understanding, explanation or other non-tangible requests, opt for おねがいします instead.
You can, however, tie the object with a verb (~te form) and add ください. Take a look at the example below.
説明 を 下さい。 せつめい を ください。 Explain, please (wrong).
説明して下さい。 せつめいしてください。 Please explain (correct).
4. ください is more casual when requesting an object
Simply speaking, ください has a more casual (not to be mistaken as rude) tone than おねがいします. It implies a demand and want, rather than a wish or request.
The same way Japanese men and women uses different suffix (kun, chan or san) and first-and-second pronouns (watashi, ore or boku), you’ll tend to hear men use ください more often than women.
水 を ください みず を ください Give me (a glass of) water.
5. ください can be used to make formal commands
You can’t use onegaishimasu for commands, but you can use kudasai to do an action using the ~て formula. This is because “kudasai” can be used with a verb.
Keep in mind that ください is a less polite way of requesting an object (something tangible), but when it comes to making an order, it is considered polite. Take a look at the example below.
座ってください。 すわってください。 Please take a seat.
食べてください。 たべてください。 Please eat.
ちょっと待ってください。 ちょっとまってください。 Please wait a moment.
To make the command more casual (be careful when using it), you can omit the ください.
ちょっと待ってね。 ちょっとまってね Wait.
Note that you can use a verb with onegaishimasu, but you have to change the verb into a noun. In this case, adding の (no) after it nominalizes a verb.
Contextual Meaning of Onegaishimasu (おねがいします)
1. おねがいします is used to make requests for someone who is higher than you or a stranger
Onegaishimasu has a more passive and humble tone to it. In fact, you’ll find おねがいします partnered together in other formal phrases: when you meet someone, when you reply to a mail or when you’re working together. It’s more commonly used to request a favor from a superior or someone you don’t know. This is because おねがいします is closer to “I beg of you” than “would you please.”
水をください。 みずをください。 (Give me) water, please.
水をお願いします。 みずをおねがいします (A glass of) water, please.
Notice that in the example, kudasai feels more direct. This relates to Japanese culture. Japanese people are generally indirect communicators. They may be ambiguous when answering questions and making requests to prevent a loss of face or out of politeness. You can also use ‘kudasai’ for an item, but if you want to be more formal when requesting an object, use おねがいします instead.
If you want to be more humble use, you’d say おねがいいたします. いたします is the most humble form of “do” or する.
3. おねがいします is used when you are requesting a service you can’t fulfill yourself
東京駅 まで お願いします。 とうきょうえき まで おねがいします。 To Tokyo Station, please.
When you’re requesting service for something you can’t do yourself, you mustn’t use kudasai. In the above situation above, you can’t travel to Tokyo Station alone. Instead, you’re asking a taxi driver to do it for you.
4. おねがいします is used for asking to speak to someone on the phone
This is one of the situations where only おねがいします is used (the other being asking for a service). When asking to speak to someone on the phone, you can only use おねがいします. You can’t ask someone to “give” you a person.
田中さんお願いします。 たなかさんおねがいします。 May I speak to Mr. Tanaka?
Similarly, you can’t ask for someone using kudasai as it is considered rude.
べんごしおねがいします。 May I have a lawyer, please.
5. おねがいします can be used to request abstract objects
～をお願いします can be used when you ask for abstract or non-tangible things. This includes explanations, understanding or cooperation.
One of the examples is an expression you’d often hear on train platforms or informal announcements.
ご協力 を おねがいします。 ごきょうりょく を おねがいします。 We ask for your cooperation.
ご理解 を おねがいします。 ごりかい を おねがいします。 We ask for your understanding.
Kudasai (ください) is put after an object and its o particle (を).
Example sentence
English translation
スタンプ(を)ください。
Stamp, please.
カフェラテ(を)ください。
(One) caffe latte, please.
おかわり(を)ください。
Please refill
It’s common in everyday conversation to skip the o (を) particle when using ください.
Verb ~て + ください
For this, you will need to know how to conjugate Japanese verbs into ~te (~て). There are three different conjugation groups, with some irregular verbs that have exceptions to the て form rules. If you haven’t learned them already, we’ve made a separate blog post on how to transform a verb into a ~te verb, complete with handy illustrated cards.
Example sentence
English translation
自分の袋を持ってください。 じぶんのふくろをもってください。
Please bring your own bag.
毎日勉強してください。 まいにちべんきょうしてください。
Please study every day
写真を撮ってください。 しゃしんをとってください。
Please take a picture.
How to Use Onegaishimasu (おねがいします)
Noun + を + おねがいします
Similar to kudasai, おねがいします follows the o particle (を) and the object of the sentence. Remember that while you can replace くださいwith おねがいします, it depends on the context and social circumstances.
を in ～をおねがいします can be skipped, particularly in spoken conversations.
Example sentence
English translation
よやくをおねがいします。
I want to make a reservation, please.
でんわをおねがいします。
Please make a phone call.
メニューをおねがいします。
(I want to see) the menu, please.
おねがいします can stand alone
はい、お願いします。 Yes, please.
宜しくお願いします。 よろしくおねがいします。 This phrase roughly translates to “I hope things go well” or “I hope you treat me well”.
There are a number of ways to translate the meaning of よろしくおねがいします, but the important point to note is that it is not said with regards to something that has already happened. Instead, it is used as an expression of gratitude, apology, explanation, or expression of something that will happen in the future.
Nominalized verb + おねがいします
To do this, use a plain-form verb and attach it to a の (no)
Plain form
Verb to noun
to eat
たべる
たべるの
to drink
のむ
のむの
to seat
すわる
すわるの
to go
いく
いくの
to read
よむ
よむの
For the word たべるの, because it essentially becomes a noun, you can use it with おねがいします and do the following:
たべるの(を)おねがいします。
ちょっとまっておねがいします。 Please wait a moment. Wrong.
Although using it is pretty simple, we strongly advise you to say まってください instead.
Conclusion
Ultimately, both are equivalent to “please”, so you’re not going to be wrong no matter which one you use. Just remember that kudasai can be used for a te-form verb. Once you find your footing and preference, using them will be a breeze.
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FAQ
How do you use ください in Japanese?
”ください” is used to politely request something, like saying “please give me” or “please do” in English.
How to use まで in a sentence?
“まで” means “until” or “up to” and marks the endpoint of time, place, or quantity (e.g., 5時まで = until 5 o’clock).
Do you use ください when ordering food?
Yes, you can use “ください” when ordering food to politely ask for a menu item (e.g., ラーメンをください = Ramen, please).
Why do girls say やめてください?
“やめてください” means “please stop,” and girls (or anyone) use it to politely ask someone to stop doing something unwanted.
Want to learn more Japanese phrases? Read our guide on:
For many of us, our love for Japan began with manga, whether it was action-packed cult classics like One Piece or something more niche in the shoujo (genre for young women) comics. So why not turn that passion into a way to learn Japanese? We get it—you might be thinking: Is that even possible? Don’t I need to know a ton of kanji to be able to read manga?
Similar to using anime to learn Japanese, reading untranslated Japanese manga can be a great tool to aid your study. Like anime, it is packed with conversational Japanese while also providing visual aid. The visual artwork helps you understand the context without needing to know every word being said. But the best part about manga is you don’t have to worry about pausing when you miss something.
Whether you’re a fan of manga or looking for a place to start, we will provide recommendations of stories that you can sink into while learning Japanese. We will separate the categories from beginner, intermediate, to advanced. Two birds with one stone, right?
Getting Started with Japanese Manga
Different from Western comic books, manga (漫画) refers to Japanese comic books or graphic novels. It’s a hugely popular form of entertainment in Japan and around the world, covering a wide range of genres, from action, romance, and fantasy to slice-of-life, horror, and even business or cooking.
Can I Learn Japanese with Manga?
Absolutely! Manga can be a fun and surprisingly effective way to learn Japanese, especially if you’re already a fan.
One of the biggest advantages is that many manga include furigana: small hiragana characters written alongside kanji. This helps readers understand the pronunciation without constantly reaching for a dictionary, making it ideal for learners still building their kanji skills.
Since most manga are driven by dialogue, the sentences are usually short and conversational. That means you’ll get exposed to natural Japanese in bite-sized, manageable chunks, unlike dense textbook passages. And unlike anime, there’s no need to pause and rewind. You can take your time, reread tricky lines, and even jot down new vocabulary as you go.
Of course, manga is best used as a complement to your studies. It won’t replace structured learning, but it’s a great way to reinforce grammar, grow your vocabulary, and make studying feel more enjoyable.
Here are a few ways you can learn and read manga:
1. Start off with easier manga, such as slice of life manga
This part is very important and is skipped more often than not. If you are starting from scratch, perhaps Naruto might not be the best starting point. It’s very easy to get excited and try to read your favorite titles, but not understanding any of the language will defeat the purpose of reading in Japanese and having fun doing it. But don’t worry! There are plenty of captivating manga you can read that contain more entry-level Japanese.
2. Find manga with furigana
Most manga written for younger audiences will feature furigana or hiragana written above kanji and sometimes katakana. Since children still can’t read many kanji, manga written for them will have hiragana to help them read through the whole manga.
3. Use the artwork to understand context
Rather than looking up every word you don’t understand, try seeing if you can understand the text based on the visual artwork.
4. Keep your phone handy to translate
If the visuals aren’t enough to understand specific terms, keep your phone or translator handy while reading. There might be one word or so that you need to know to understand the whole context, so don’t be afraid to translate when needed.
The best manga are ones that are interesting and keep you coming back and reading consistently. So at the end of the day, choose based on your preferences. This is also why we tried to vary the genres on this list.
Where to Buy Japanese Manga
Of course, we’re talking about manga in its untranslated form. If you’re living overseas, the most popular manga are likely already translated into your native language—or at least English!
Don’t worry—the great news is that whether you’re in Japan or abroad, there are plenty of convenient ways to get your hands on manga. In general, if you live overseas, you can probably get manga through online stores like Amazon.
Where to buy manga online
Amazon Japan: Ships internationally for many titles. Some manga also provide a digital version, which you can download on Kindle!
CDJapan: Specializes in Japanese media, including manga.
BookWalker: Official digital manga store, great for ebooks.
Kinokuniya: International bookstore chain with an online shop.
Where to buy manga in Japan
If you’re in Japan, it’s the opposite: most manga are naturally in Japanese, giving you the perfect chance to practice the language. Local bookshops and major department stores usually have manga sections.
Book Off: Popular secondhand bookstore chain.
Tsutaya: Large bookstore with a good manga selection.
Kinokuniya: Found in major cities and airports.
Best Manga To Learn Japanese For Beginners
1. Blue Box (アオのハコ)
Genre: Sports, Romance
JLPT Level: N5 – N4
Length: 20 volumes
Blue Box is a beloved romantic-comedy sports manga by Koji Miura, serialized in Weekly Shonen Jump since April 2021. Blue Box follows Taiki, a high school badminton player, who develops feelings for Chinatsu, a basketball star.
This manga is a blend of innocent romance and gripping sports genres, making a captivating read you can’t put down. The sports aspect of the manga is extremely inspiring and emotionally satisfying as you see the characters progress their skills and, of course, their relationships with each other.
The Japanese texts are easy to understand and do not dive too deep into sports-related terms. So, it makes for a fun, action-packed story that you can fly through while picking up practical Japanese.
This light-hearted manga follows a lazy panda who befriends a polar bear running a cafe. Filled with puns and a delightful atmosphere of anthropomorphic animals, this quirky manga is an amazing introduction to how to use Japanese with more humor and figurative speech.
However, the puns do make references that some of us might not understand. So, keep your phone handy to look up certain words or puns that might fly over your head!
This is a light-hearted, comedic, fantasy manga that follows the daily life of a witch who has just moved to rural Aomori Prefecture. This manga is essentially if Studio Ghibli’s Kiki’s Delivery Service meets more comedy.The Japanese language is pretty easy to read while still being quite fun, and will definitely make you giggle.
There’s just one character who might be tricky to understand because of his strong dialect, but don’t worry, even the main character struggles with him! Luckily, another character usually “translates” his lines into standard Japanese, so we can follow along easily.
We couldn’t possibly exclude Yotsuba&! on this list. It’s one of the most popular manga for Japanese learners. The manga follows a 5-year-old girl whose curiosity takes her on different adventures and has her asking about everything. Through the lens of this child, we are able to pick up new vocabulary along with her.
There are a few things to keep in mind: the manga does sometimes have colloquial or even purposely incorrect grammar and words meant to be played for humor. A complete beginner might miss this or mistakenly believe everything written is correct.
Another thing to consider is that since the story follows a young child in her daily life, it won’t have any crazy action, drama or deep plots. It’s a very simple, light-hearted story. This may or may not be your cup of tea.
Length: Around 750 pages each, the magazine is ongoing
This is not really a manga series but rather a manga magazine releasing new issues monthly. It features stories from popular franchises such as Doraemon, Pokemon, and Detective Conan. This magazine is intended for children mostly below junior high, so the Japanese is at a much easier level. You can find a variety of fun stories from titles you recognize, and they can be great Japanese reading practice.
If you have a couple of years of Japanese learning experience and can read at around an N3 level, then you are probably ready for something a bit more challenging. The manga in this list still mostly have furigana but have more complex language and vocabulary.
6. Hajime no Ippo (はじめの一歩)
Genre: Sports
JLPT Level: N3 & above
Length: 143 volumes
Hajime no Ippo is about a small high school boy who was often bullied — until he discovered boxing. Even if you’re not a sports fan, this manga (and anime) is incredibly inspiring, with a passion that’s truly contagious. Like Slam Dunk or Haikyu!!, Hajime no Ippo will make you see a sport you knew little about in a whole new light.
The manga is packed with sports and boxing terms, which can be helpful if you want to do combat sports in Japan. Overall, Japanese is not too complicated, and most of the kanji have furigana. It is still ongoing, and there is tons of material for Japanese practice.
One Piece is a manga about the free-spirited Monkey D. Luffy with powers making him as elastic as rubber or ガムガム (gamu gamu). The series almost needs no introduction since anyone can recognize its unique and quirky art that immediately hooks you in. The series’ simple but character-driven plot allows for a story that connects you to everyone you meet and will keep you reading.
The One Piece anime is one of the longest-running anime ever, but the manga is shorter and reads much faster. You will keep getting new material to immerse yourself in, with the added benefit of practicing your Japanese.
Detective Conan is one of the most popular anime and manga series in Japan, and for good reason. The crime cases are riveting. It follows a brilliant high school detective who’s mysteriously turned into a child. As he solves cases in his younger form, he must keep his true identity a secret while chasing the biggest mystery of all.
While manga has a lot of crime and detective-related vocabulary, there is plenty of useful Japanese to pick up for daily life. Even when cases get somewhat complicated, the visuals in the artwork provide enough context to understand what is being described. With the TV show being just as long, learning Japanese with the anime is also great for comprehension practice!
Best Manga To Learn Japanese For Advanced Learners
Get ready to jump into stories that don’t hold back in terms of language and kanji. The manga in this list are primarily written for an adult audience, so don’t expect much furigana and expect language that dives into more complex themes.
9. Akira (アキラ)
Genre: Sci-fi, Cyber-punk
Length: 6 volumes
JLPT Level: N2
If you have seen and loved the movie, you should check out the manga since it expands on the world and plot substantially more. Set in a post-apocalyptic, futuristic Tokyo called “Neo-Tokyo”, the story set in the Akira universe plays with motifs of identity, economic inequality, and corruption within the backdrop of cyberpunk aesthetics. Some would argue that Akira is one of the most influential pioneers of the cyberpunk genre!
The story deals with heavy socio-economic, psychological, and philosophical themes, so expect rather high-level Japanese and mature topics. If you haven’t seen the movie, it’s all the more reason to read one of the most influential stories to have ever come from Japan.
In a fictionalized story about the real-life sword master, Musashi Miyamoto, we are taken along a gifted swordman’s journey of growth and self-realization. The artwork is not only beautiful, drawing you in on every panel, but there is a poetic nature to each page and profound lessons we learn through the lens of our protagonist.
The philosophy is just as intriguing as its action scenes since it doesn’t shy away from themes of life & death, morality, and humanity. With that being said, the Japanese will be more complex, using more figurative language and sometimes more archaic terms due to the period setting. This manga is a must-read if you’re an advanced Japanese learner who loves the samurai genre.
This is one for the history buffs. This manga is an autobiography of the author’s experience living through the Showa period, which spans from 1936 to 1989. The author details the daily life of living through World War II, which he tries to show as normal and yet surreal. He highlights this surreal feeling by drawing the main characters in a very cartoonish style, which contrasts sharply with the hyper-realistic depictions of the environments, battleships, and everything related to the war.
This manga is considered by many as a masterpiece in historical literature. It doesn’t hold back in showing the raw emotions and moods of the Japanese during the war. It does dive into rather heavy themes of military power and its implications. The reading level is not extremely complex, but there will be a lot of military, strategy, and political terminology that might be difficult to read. If you want to learn a ton of history and Japanese, this manga should be on your reading list.
At the end of the day, the best manga for you to learn Japanese is the one you’re the most interested in. Our list is just some of our top picks based on the language and how much we love these stories (in our humble opinion). However, we do recommend starting off at a reading level that matches your current abilities in Japanese.
Yes, it is possible to learn Japanese with manga. It is normal to feel overwhelmed with the Japanese and to not know all of the language even if you’ve been studying for a while. With manga you can use the artwork to better understand the context of the text, which can actually help you ingrain new terminologies.
Which manga is best for learning Japanese as a complete beginner?
Manga that are written or geared towards children are best for total beginners to learn Japanese. For example, Yotsuba&!, Ao no Hako, Shirokuma Cafe, Flying Witch, and Coro Coro Manga magazine are great for beginners to pick up due to the simpler dialogue.
What level of Japanese would be needed to read most manga?
The level of Japanese would depend on the manga since some have more layered plots and complex themes. However, to read some of the most popular manga, such as One Piece, Naruto, or Bleach, being able to read and comprehend at an N3 level is most recommended to actually understand the story without looking up every other word.
Does Manga have a lot of kanji? Do they have furigana?
Many popular manga like One Piece are shonen, aimed at younger readers, so they include furigana: small hiragana that show how to read the kanji. In contrast, seinen manga for adults usually have little or no furigana, making them harder to read.
If you’re one of the lucky few in Japan whose job doesn’t require Japanese, you might manage just fine day-to-day. But eventually, you’ll realize how important the language really is. At first glance, learning Japanese looks hard. It takes time, energy, and consistent effort. And when you’re already juggling the demands of a full-time job, finding that kind of time can feel nearly impossible.
But don’t get discouraged! While you may feel a little lost on where to start, let this be the guide to get you started and achieve your goals of learning Japanese while managing a 9-to-5 job.
Want to fast-track your career in Japan? Coto Academy’s 3-month Business Japanese Course is designed to help you master keigo (business Japanese) and improve professional communication skills. Gain the confidence to speak with colleagues and clients, navigate meetings like a native, and open up new career opportunities!
Main Challenges of Studying Japanese for Working Professionals
Being a full-time employee can be hard enough without having to learn a language on top of that. For Japanese, known to be one of the hardest languages to learn, more time may be needed to give towards it, as well as energy. It may be hard to find time if there are other hobbies or family matters to attend to nightly.
Another potential issue that could arise is the cost of learning Japanese. Most classes are priced per week and are overall not the cheapest to come by. This can make it harder for potential Japanese language learners, especially when the options are bountiful and times for classes may vary. Don’t let this discourage you before you even start, as there are many options out there for whatever your needs may be!
Can I study Japanese while working?
Yes, you can for sure study Japanese while working a full-time job in Japan, but you will need to be more flexible with your options. Studying as a working professional is different from being a full-time learner on a student visa, as your day isn’t entirely dedicated to learning the language. While it may not be able to be the priority of your day, as long as you stay organized and have a plan, you can most definitely find time to work on your language learning!
A majority of companies in Japan will want you to know some basic Japanese, even if you are working in a primarily English-speaking role, such as English teaching or recruitment. Sometimes, you need business-level Japanese prior to joining or as you work there.
You don’t need to be enrolled full-time to still get a good education. There are schools all over Japan made to help foreigners get adjusted to their life in Japan, focusing on more flexible, part-time courses on weekends or evenings. They are designed specifically for working professionals and expats, prioritizing practical Japanese language skills rather than theoretical elements such as kanji or the JLPT.
For example, Coto Academy’s part-time courses are available for part-time on weekdays in the evening and Saturdays, which vary between 50 to 100 minutes. They offer classes on weeknights to minimize disruptions to your work schedule and are ideal for learning business Japanese or any level you may need. You’ll be able to learn from teachers in classrooms of up to 8 other students who are at the same level as you!
If you’re looking for more one-on-one help or have an inconsistent schedule, a private tutor may be the path for you! The best part about being in Japan and trying to learn Japanese is that there are native speakers who are tutors all around you! You can find a tutor through online listings, schools like Coto Academy, or social media platforms like Facebook. Be sure to check more than 1 source, though, as prices can vary from teacher to teacher.
Interested in getting a private tutor? Check out Coto’s page about Private Japanese Lessons to see if this may be the right fit for you!
3. Practice with Native Speakers
Extroverts unite! Let’s put your knowledge to the test because practice truly makes progress! While stepping into this stage might feel intimidating, especially if it’s your first time, think of it as a valuable opportunity to learn and improve. Perfection isn’t the goal. Consistent effort is what truly matters.
There are many effective ways to practice speaking with native Japanese speakers. For example, enrolling in in-person classes, such as those offered by Coto Academy, allows you to work one-on-one with experienced instructors who can guide you step-by-step through real conversations.
Additionally, many online volunteer groups offer language exchange sessions where you can practice Japanese with native speakers while helping them with your own language in return. These sessions are often held regularly and are easy to join, creating a friendly, low-pressure environment for mutual learning.
And finally, don’t be afraid to engage in real-life experiences. Everyday interactions, especially in customer service settings, can provide meaningful opportunities to practice. If a staff member isn’t too busy, approach them with a warm smile and ask if they’d be open to a quick conversation. It’s a great way to apply what you’ve learned in a natural setting!
This may seem like the hard part, but it doesn’t have to be! With apps like Facebook having groups with similar interests (like foreigners learning Japanese in Japan), you can join, or websites like Meetup available, there are more opportunities to meet and study than you may realize! Just knowing where to look and what you are looking for is a must.
Now with this one, there are many angles you can start from. Regardless of where you start, watch or listen to some type of Japanese media with Japanese subtitles. This can include beginner-friendly anime, manga, or even your favorite Japanese Netflix shows.
Alongside your normal learning, you’ll slowly start to be able to pick up on keywords, then phrases, and beyond! It will improve your listening, contextual awareness of language usage, and Kanji recognition.
One of the most effective—and surprisingly fun—ways to start learning Japanese is by immersing yourself in children’s television shows. These programs are designed for young native speakers who are just beginning to understand the language themselves, making them perfect for beginners. Because they’re geared toward early learners, most shows use simple vocabulary and primarily feature hiragana, the first writing system you’ll want to master.
As you follow along, you’ll not only hear proper pronunciation but also start to see how hiragana is used in context. To reinforce your learning, consider visiting a public library and flipping through Japanese children’s books. They can be a great way to quiz yourself and build confidence in reading.
Don’t worry if it feels a bit silly—it’s actually a smart and proven way to build a strong foundation!
Once you’re more comfortable, try leveling up by reading manga. The combination of text and illustrations makes it easier to infer meaning, even when you come across unfamiliar words. From there, expand into Japanese dramas, variety shows, and news broadcasts to challenge yourself and continue improving.
If you’re curious to learn more about how children’s television can help you learn, or you’re just a fan of Peppa Pig, read How Peppa Pig Can Help You Learn Japanese.
6. Take Business Japanese Courses
If you’re looking for something more specific that might help with your career, like wanting to learn more for business-related Japanese, then these classes may be the right fit for you! Coto Academy has a 3-month business Japanese course happening at our Iidabashi school that has classes every Saturday, which is perfect for people who have to work full time.
Out of all the options, downloading a Japanese learning app might be the most convenient way to squeeze in study time during a busy schedule. You can open the app during your morning commute on the train, lunch break, or any spare moment throughout the day.
Apps like Anki (for flashcards), Duolingo (for gamified learning), Bunpo (for grammar), and WaniKani (for kanji) are great for quick, focused practice sessions. While they can’t fully replace structured classes, they’re a powerful supplement to help you review, memorize, and stay engaged with the language on a daily basis.
You might be working in Tokyo, but time is still the one thing you don’t have enough of. Commuting to in-person classes can eat up precious hours, yet you want to study Japanese consistently, not just through self-study. What’s the best option?
For a more structured approach without the commute, online lessons are an excellent choice. Many language schools — including Coto Academy — offer live, interactive online classes, allowing you to learn from the comfort of your home or office. This way, you get the benefits of a guided class with a real instructor. Online classes can also be a more affordable option!
Setting clear and specific goals before you begin learning will help you feel less stressed. Through goal setting, both for your job and for learning, you’ll be better able to plan ahead of time for work. Students are often told to set S.M.A.R.T. goals: specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound goals. Making this clear from the beginning can help you to see what is most important in your journey to learning and perhaps what steps might be redundant or useless.
2. Create Structured Study Plans
No two people study the same. Knowing how you best learn may take some time to understand, but will help you for miles down the road. There are many resources on the internet to help you prepare for learning, including worksheets or online tutorials, but don’t just do it to do it. Do it because you know it will help! Here are just some questions to go through when finding your optimal study plan:
Do you work better alone, with another person, or in a group?
What setting helps you get into the mood for studying? Does staying home to study potentially set you up to get distracted with other tasks?
Do you memorize better by writing notes or typing them?
How much time do you want to put into it? How will you structure breaks?
What other material (like flash cards of hiragana) may help you?
When are your least busiest days?
Do you need silence to study? Or do you like background music?
Would it be easier to learn from textbooks, online videos, or a teacher?
3. Dive Into the Culture
Above all, keep your head up and look around. See what cuisine is around you, the words, how people are talking, and listen! Don’t stay stuck on Google Maps looking for recommendations for dinner, just walk around till you see something you may like. The more you go out to observe/listen, the more exposure you’re receiving. Maybe even try making some native speaker friends through sports games/clubs. Live in the moment and live within society! Listen to what others may be ordering, follow where the crowd is headed for lunch: we promise you won’t regret it!
4. Utilize Free Learning Resources
The internet is a beautiful place, so long as you know what you are looking for. You can find worksheets to print, online games to play that teach you Japanese, and other online resources to help deepen your understanding of Japanese. Mobile apps like Duolingo are also there to help you when you’re on the go, and for the most part, are free!
Learning a new language takes time, and not one person will learn the same way as another person. Remember to not give up on yourself, keep your head up, rehearse with others, and cut time out of your day to work on it.
If you want to join part-time Japanese lessons, consider Coto Academy! Coto Academy offers flexible short-term or long-term Japanese courses tailored for working professionals. Come meet some of the other students and get ready to speak Japanese together!
How much Japanese should I learn before coming to Japan?
When it comes to learning Japanese, at the very least, formal greetings, saying “thank you”, “excuse me”, and asking where the bathroom is are seen as most important. The more you know, the better!
What kind of jobs can foreigners get in Japan?
When it comes to finding a job in Japan, your Japanese proficiency will dictate what industries you can or cannot enter. One of the most common jobs for foreigners is English teachers, or Assistant Language Teachers (ALTs for short), which often just require a specific certification prior to applying. With Japan’s boom in technology and AI, IT, tech, and engineering jobs are more in demand than ever.
How much Japanese should I know to get a job in Japan?
Most jobs are going to ask that their employees be at level N2 or N1, although there are some jobs that do not require a high level of Japanese skill.
Is English common in Japan?
In Tokyo, English is fairly common. Especially when it comes to traveling on the subway or when ordering food electronically. But the further you go out from the city, the less English you will see.
What is the JLPT?
The Japanese Language Proficiency Test measures the test taker’s proficiency in Japanese vocabulary and grammar.
Can I learn Japanese while working full-time?
Yes, you can learn Japanese while working full-time. Use your commute and breaks to study with apps, take evening or weekend classes, and practice daily conversation. Consistent small efforts each day make a big difference.
How do I learn Japanese while working full-time?
You can study at part-time Japanese classes like Coto Academy, take online lessons, or self-study. Use your commute and breaks to study with apps like Anki or Duolingo, take evening or weekend classes, and practice speaking in daily life. Study a little every day. Consistency is key.
Want to work in Japan? Check out our work-related series:
Knowing how to write a proper Japanese business email is an important skill when working for a Japanese company. In Japanese business culture, email serves as a medium that reflects professionalism and respect for hierarchy. It mirrors the careful etiquette and structure you’d find in face-to-face meetings.
Historically, building business relationships in Japan has relied heavily on face-to-face interactions, often involving formal client visits. However, in recent years, digital communication has become the norm. Even if you are working for an international company, it is always good to write a well-crafted business email allows you to establish and maintain professional relationships with Japanese clients. reading our guide on how to write a formal business email!
Want to fast-track your career in Japan? Coto Academy’s 3-month Business Japanese Course is designed to help you master keigo (business Japanese) and improve professional communication skills. Gain the confidence to speak with colleagues and clients, navigate meetings like a native, and open up new career opportunities!
Surprisingly, Japanese business emails are quite different from English emails, and often more complex, even if both are technically used in a professional setting. Even many Japanese people find it challenging to draft a proper email!
Japanese emails tend to be highly formal, emphasizing politeness. They often begin with seasonal greetings or expressions of gratitude such as “いつもお世話になっております (itsu mo osewa ni natte orimasu),” and may include a self-introduction even after initial contact.
The main message is usually indirect and carefully worded to maintain harmony, and the closing remarks are elaborate, often including apologies or humble requests like “何卒よろしくお願い申し上げます.” In contrast, English business emails are more direct and concise, typically beginning with a simple greeting like “I hope you’re well” and getting to the point quickly. There is less emphasis on hierarchy and formality, and requests are often straightforward (e.g., “Please confirm”).
These differences reflect broader cultural values: Japanese communication prioritizes relationship-building and group harmony, while English communication values clarity, efficiency, and individual accountability.
Let’s take a look at how to make a request politely in a Japanese business email.
Japanese Phrase
English Equivalent
Notes
ご確認いただけますでしょうか？ Gokakunin itadakemasu deshouka?
Could you please confirm?
Very polite and common in business emails.
ご確認のほどよろしくお願いいたします。 Gokakunin no hodo yoroshiku onegai itashimasu.
I would appreciate your confirmation.
Polite and humble, often used to close a request.
A Good Japanese Email Structure
Japanese email structure follows the same structure as an English email; the main difference lies in how you word it.
A Japanese email consists of 7 parts.
Section
Japanese (Kanji)
Hiragana Reading
Romaji
Meaning / Purpose
Receiver
宛名
あてな
Atena
The recipient’s name and title
Greetings
挨拶
あいさつ
Aisatsu
Opening greeting and polite expressions
Addressing Yourself
名乗り
なのり
Nanori
Introducing yourself (name, company, etc.)
Main Body Context
要旨
ようし
Youshi
Summary or purpose of the email
Details
詳細
しょうさい
Shousai
Detailed explanation or supporting info
Closing Remarks
結びの言葉
むすびのことば
Musubinokotoba
Polite closing remarks and expressions
Name & Signature
署名
しょめい
Shomei
Your name, title, and contact information
How to Write Business Emails in Japanese
Japanese business emails have a ceremonial element to them, and because of that, there is more of a templated formal structure than the freeform letters we are used to in a Western context.
1. Subject Line
Like in Western practice, the subject line in a Japanese business email should clearly communicate the purpose of the message. It needs to be specific and informative enough that the recipient can understand the general context without even opening the email.
Example: 【○○株式会社】6月20日打ち合わせのご確認 【○○Kabushikigaisha】Rokugatsu hatsuka uchiawase no gokakunin [XYZ Corporation] Confirmation of Meeting on June 20
2. Opening
The first thing to remember when it comes to writing a Japanese business email is the use of the word 様 (sama), one of the many Japanese honorifics. This is an important and polite suffix/honorific that is standard procedure for Japanese business emails. Other than that, always remember to express gratitude when you start your email.
You can use phrases such as「お世話になっております」which means “We become indebted to you” literally.
After you open your email, you would need to introduce yourself. Introduce yourself by stating your full name and your current company you are working for with your current position.
If this is your first time meeting the person and you are doing a follow-up with the person, you may use this phrase「ABC株式会社のアダムと申します」which means “this is Adam from ABC Corporation”. If this is not your first time meeting the person, you should use this phrase instead「ABC株式会社のアダムでございます」which also means “this Adam from ABC Corporation”.
Example:
Japanese
Romaji
English
山田様 いつもお世話になっております。 ABC株式会社の田中と申します。
Yamada-sama, Itsu mo osewa ni natte orimasu. ABC kabushikigaisha no Tanaka to moushimasu.
Mr./Ms. Yamada, Thank you for your support. This is Tanaka from ABC Company.
Besides that, depending on the context, you may also want to include additional phrases, such as apologizing for a late reply, thanking the recipient for a quick response, or offering a polite apology for sending a sudden email.
Though not common, you can also use a very formal way of saying “How are you doing?”: お元気でいらっしゃいますか。
3. Email Body
The email body is where you clearly and politely state the main purpose of your message. It usually starts with a brief summary or context, followed by the details or requests. Use polite and humble language, and avoid sounding too direct or demanding.
An important tip when writing Japanese emails is that each sentence typically starts on a new line. This is different from English, where sentences are grouped together into paragraphs.
Senjitsu no kaigi de go-teian itadaita ken ni tsuite, tsuika de kakunin sasete itadakitai ten ga gozaimasu. Otesuu o okake itashimasu ga, go-kakunin no hodo yoroshiku onegai itashimasu.
Regarding the matter you proposed in the previous meeting, there are some additional points I would like to confirm. I apologize for the inconvenience, but I would appreciate your confirmation.
4. Conclusion and Closing
The closing phrases in a Japanese email should match the tone and content of your message while showing proper politeness and respect. Here are some effective closing phrases you can use:
Sorry to trouble you when busy, but thank you in advance.
失礼いたします。
Shitsurei itashimasu.
Excuse me (used to close politely).
Tip: While ご返信お待ちしております (Gohenjin omachi shite orimasu), meaning “I look forward to your reply” is very polite, it can sometimes feel like you are putting pressure on the recipient to respond quickly. Because of this nuance, it’s often better to use more neutral closing phrases in formal Japanese business emails.
Using Keigo in Japanese Business Emails
Depending on the type of relationship of business relationship you are writing to, there are 2 types of language forms.
The first form is 尊敬語 (Sonkeigo), which is the honorific language. This form conveys courtesy and respect for the person you are writing to. This form can be used not only to your listeners but also to a third person as well. The only difference is from the polite form. Keep in mind that this form is usually too formal, and instead, the humble form is used more often.
As for the second form, it would be 謙譲語 (kenjougo), which means humble form. This form is used when you want to show your respect to the person you are writing to for your actions by humbling yourself.
This step is very important as you would need to show your respect to the recipient. Thus, you would need to be very careful about which language forms to use.
If the two parties already have a close relationship, they can both leave some parts out. However, a word of caution that this would make the email less formal and more casual.
Vocabulary Business Japanese Vocabulary
Here is some vocabulary for you to help you in writing your own Japanese business email!
Dear: 拝啓・はいけい・Haikei Subject: 件名・けんめい・Kenmei Sender: 差出人・さしだしにん・Sashidashinin Address: 宛先・あてさき・Atesaki Urgent: 至急・しきゅう・Shikyuu Notice: 通知・つうち・Tsuuchi To whom it may concern: ご担当者様・ごたんとうしゃさま・Gotantoushasama Best Wishes: 敬具・けいぐ・Keigu Signature: 署名・しょめい・Shomei
Tips for Writing Japanese Business Email
Japanese business emails are usually more structured as compared to those from Western countries.
It is important to leave a line between each new topic.
When you are sending the same email to multiple people in the company, please make sure that you rank the names in accordance with their rank in the company
Business Japanese Email Template
Now that you have learned about Japanese emails, let’s look at a few examples!
1. Email templates for following up
You’ve sent important documents or materials to a client or colleague and haven’t received a response. It’s common practice in Japan to send a polite follow-up email. Below is a professional template you can use to follow up and kindly ask for confirmation regarding the materials you sent.
Subject: Request for Material Confirmation (ABC Corp. – Tanaka)
Mr./Ms. Yamada, Sales Department, DEF Corporation
Thank you, as always, for your continued support. My name is Tanaka from ABC Corporation.
I’m following up regarding the materials I sent the other day. I apologize for troubling you while you’re busy, but I would be grateful if you could kindly confirm there are no issues with the content.
If you have any questions or need further clarification, please don’t hesitate to contact me. Thank you very much in advance for your cooperation.
Subject: Apology and Notice of Material Submission (ABC Corp. – Tanaka)
Mr./Ms. Yamada, Sales Department, DEF Corporation
Thank you, as always, for your continued support. My name is Tanaka from ABC Corporation.
I sincerely apologize for the delay in sending the materials. I am resending the materials today and would appreciate it if you could kindly review them.
I apologize for troubling you while you are busy, but I would be grateful for your confirmation. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me.
Level up your professional Japanese with the Coto Academy Business Japanese Course!
Looking to advance your career or find a new job in Japan? Coto Academy offers Business Japanese and advanced-level courses tailored for working professionals, as well as classes for intermediate to advanced learners looking to build confidence in professional communication. Fill out the form below, and our friendly team will get in touch with you shortly!
What are the key features of a Japanese business email?
Japanese business emails are typically formal and polite. They use honorific language (keigo), clear structure, and often start with seasonal greetings or expressions of gratitude. Proper etiquette and humility are important to maintain respect.
How long should a Japanese business email be?
Keep it concise but polite. Avoid overly long emails; focus on clarity and respect.
How do I address a Japanese business person in an email?
Address the recipient with their family name + 様 (sama), which is a very polite honorific.
You’ve decided to take on JLPT N5, but looking for the right Japanese N5 textbook can feel more overwhelming than actually studying the language.
So, read this guide to find out the top 20 N5 textbooks for beginners to ace the JLPT with flying colors — or to start your studies on the right foot. When you’re ready to jump to the next level, we have also JLPT N3 textbook and JLPT N4 textbook recommendations!
Should I take the JLPT N5 Exam?
If you plan on studying Japanese for a long time, signing up for the JLPT N5 helps you create a concrete goal to reach. Even though it will only cover the very basics, it’s the perfect way for beginners to stay motivated. JLPT N5 requires you to master at least 800 Japanese vocabulary words and 100 kanji, so you can also assess your ability and level appropriately.
Even if you’re not taking the JLPT N5, these textbooks are great for learners to soak in all the important beginner-level Japanese language components: hiragana, katakana, key vocabulary, and basic kanji. But what’s the best one you can find online?
In order to pass the JLPT N5, you will need to know hiragana, katakana, kanji (around 100 characters), and master some essential grammar. You will also need to understand basic conversation in Japanese since there is a listening section. So, the best textbooks often prepare you specifically for the JLPT N5 or focus on one of the key areas, such as vocabulary, fundamental grammar, etc. There are a variety of options out there, but here are our top 20 picks!
Nihongo Fun and Easy is Coto’s self-developed study book. This book is designed to help students who are new to Japanese, including those with no prior knowledge of the language, to acquire natural-sounding, essential Japanese that can be used immediately in daily conversation. It’s a great option for beginners who want to study on their own. All practice and examples come with full English translation. You don’t have to worry about knowing hiragana and katakana first, too. The textbook comes with romaji, and you will learn the alphabet along the way.
The book includes lessons on simple Japanese words and a list of verbs and adjective conjugations. You’ll also receive an audio CD for learning dialogues in both Japanese and English. The book comes with an audio CD for learning conversational dialogues in both Japanese and English.
The book currently has two volumes:
Nihongo Fun & Easy: Survival Japanese Conversation for Beginners
Nihongo Fun & Easy 2: Basic Grammar for Conversation for Beginners
Genki is one of the most used Japanese language textbook series for beginners. Lesson chapters don’t focus on the JLPT itself but on everyday real-life situations and dialogues. For example, in the first lesson, they first teach you about conversations that can happen during the day, combined with clear and concise explanations about grammar and vocabulary.
Keep in mind that Genki is a textbook that was specifically designed for classroom teaching, so it may not be perfect for self-learners.
Minna no Nihongo is another popular classroom textbook. Lesson chapters include Japanese grammar, vocabulary, listening, and speaking skills. The text in the book is also fully in Japanese, so you will have to know hiragana and katakana in advance.
The Nihongo So-Matome N5 is an all-inclusive textbook. The book features 42 daily Japanese lessons that are categorized as kanji, vocabulary, grammar, and reading. It’s designed as a 6-week self-study aid. You’ll find common grammar points, guides on syntax and a list of kanji and vocabulary commonly found in the JLPT N5 exam. The textbook also includes a reading and listening practice with a pre-recorded audio CD.
While the Minna no Nihongo or Genki are N5-level, they’re not necessarily targeted to students who want to take the JLPT. For that, the Goukaku Dekiru JLPT book series is by far the most popular choice for test-takers. The textbook breaks down the JLPT into two parts. Part one focuses on all grammar and vocabulary, with 863 questions to help you tackle the language knowledge section. Part two is a collection of mock tests in the official format of JLPT.
The book includes two CDs for the listening section and an answer book.
The textbook includes 55 different N5-related Japanese readings with over a hundred questions. You will learn to analyze passages by understanding how to break down sentences into simple words to better comprehend them sentences. Questions in the book are modeled to represent the actual JLPT exam.
JLPT N5 Kanji, Vocabulary & Grammar Chokuzen Taisaku is a workbook perfect for anyone who is looking to take mock tests for the JLPT N5 exam, focusing on vocabulary, kanji, and grammar questions. Included is also an appendix section that contains important verbs, adverbs, and adjectives related to the N5.
To pass the JLPT N5, you will need to know 800 vocabulary, so learning 1,000 is a safe bet that you’ll ace the test. The textbook is broken down into 10 different chapters. Vocabularies are sorted based on their function and related contexts, like friends, food, hobbies, shopping, living, and health. This allows for better word retention.
There’s also a link to audio files for learners who want to hear the words and example sentences. Because of the small size of the vocabulary book, many learners will conveniently carry it around. There’s a red sheet to block the Japanese word (for a quick mini-quiz) and a checkbox for you to tick.
9. The Preparatory Course for the JLPT N5 Reading, Kanji, Vocabulary, and Grammar
This textbook is a study guide for the JLPT N5. Chapters of the book include all material related to N5 kanji, grammar, forms of speech, and model sentences with simple explanations, making it easy to study on your own. There are multiple practice problems that allow you to check your comprehension level as well.
With an audio CD, the Tanki Master JLPT N5 has five different categories of Japanese Learning: Japanese characters, vocabulary, grammar, listening, and reading. The contents cover questions for every section of the test. The book is especially effective when used to help you review. It’s separated into two parts: practice questions and practice tests for mockups,s for learners to see how they did.
Each chapter in the Nihongo Challenge series teaches about 10 new kanji, complete with their stroke orders and free blank spaces to practice writing them. What is unique about this textbook is that each kanji has its own illustration and explanation.
All kanji is thoughtfully introduced with a number of illustrations, which makes your learning more interesting and effective, too. At the end of every chapter, there will be review questions to assess your progress. You can also check your level in a separate “achievement”.
Once you’re confident that you’ve learned everything needed for the test, you can start doing mock tests through the official JLPT practice workbook.
Acting as a revision guide, the workbook is perfect if you wish to practice before the actual exam. There’s an audio CD for the listening section. The workbook has over 33 vocabulary and kanji sections, as well as 26 grammar and 6 reading questions.
As one of the classic books for learning kanji, Basic Kanji Book Vol. 1 & Vol. 2 gives 500 fundamental kanji. You will learn to memorize kanji and write them according to their correct stroke order. Each unit has simple practice exercises to practice writing the kanji.
As part of the Try! series, the N5 volume covers nine different chapters of everyday life conversations. The Try! series is specifically designed to help students focus on Japanese grammar. In total, there are nine chapters, each equipped with practice questions and a final review.
16. Drill and Drill JLPT N5 Kanji, Grammar, Vocabulary, Reading and Listening
The Drill and Drill JLPT N5 has over 250 questions on vocabulary, grammar, reading, and listening. Answers to the questions are provided in a separate booklet at the back of the book. The booklet contains detailed explanations of each question as well as example sentences and tips to answer each question. You can also find an audio CD for the listening section of the test.
17. JLPT Preparation Book Speed Master – Quick Mastery of N4 & N5 Vocabulary
This is a book that combines N5 and N4 vocabularies. There are 1,800 words in total, separated into 50 units based on their relevant topics. Readings of the words are shown in both kanji and hiragana and have translations in English and Chinese. Every new word learned has a checkbox that makes it easy to continue where you left off.
Created by a popular JLPT mockup test website, JLPTBootCamp.com, the book has over 300 practice test questions with printable flashcards for vocabulary, hiragana, katakana, and kanji.
19. Yookoso! Invitation to Contemporary Japanese Student
This book serves as a two-volume series for basic Japanese. It’s known to be the first to integrate all the Japanese language technical skills. The book is comprehensive but simple to follow. Although it’s more on the expensive side, there are a lot of example sentences and detailed explanations to help break down complex sentences into simpler words and phrases.
Centered to help readers pass the exam, the book focuses on the 103 most common Kanji found on the N5 level test. The book is mostly used as flashcards as readers will be able to find the kanji mnemonic on the front page and the kanji information on the back of the page. Each mnemonic has its own drawing as well as a sentence example and explanations for better memorization.
What’s Next After Finding The Best JLPT N5 Textbook
Once you have found the best JLPT Textbook, use you will need to it to help strategize how to pass the JLPT N5. It’s a pretty long test and your chosen textbook(s) should cover every area from reading to listening in Japanese.
While finding JLPT learning resources is great for self-learning, we also recommend finding the right support from a professional instructor. We offer both JLPT self-study courses as well as online or in-person JLPT Courses taught by an experienced teacher who can help you dissect the N5 exam and be fully equipped to pass!
You will need to know about 100 kanji and about 800 vocabulary words.
How long does it take to pass the JLPT N5?
It should take roughly 100 – 200 class hours, depending on how you study and what resources you use.
How can you prepare for the JLPT N5?
Both the JLPT N5 and N4 levels have been designed to test classroom Japanese. The best way to prepare is to take an introductory or beginner course in Japanese. We also recommend you buy N5 textbooks and workbooks and work through them on your own to better prepare yourself.
When I register for the JLPT N5?
The JLPT is held twice a year, usually in July and December. If you’re outside Japan, the test may be held only once a year, in July or December. Registration is usually open until mid-March (for July) and mid-August (for December)
How can JLPT N5 help you in Japan?
It does not help you that much.
Passing the different levels of the JLPT can provide you with great opportunities to work in Japan. However, simply passing the N5 is not enough to help you since the N5 is just a test of basic knowledge of the Japanese language. You would require at least a JLPT N3 certificate if you want to work comfortably in Japan. If you are planning to take the JLPT, we would recommend that you go through all 5 levels until you feel comfortable having conversations in Japanese fluently.
Shhould I take JLPT lessons?
Taking JLPT lessons can significantly boost your chances of success by providing structured learning with experienced Japanese teachers. With Coto Academy, you’ll benefit from expert instruction, flexible schedules, and a proven track record of helping students pass levels N5 to N1.
Check out our guides for other JLPT levels as well:
Planning to take the JLPT N5? Although it is technically the lowest level a foreigner can take, the N5 can be a great milestone for those who want to see if they have made real progress. Understandably, the thought of taking the JLPT is stressful, with so many things to learn and consider. So, where do you start?
Good news is you are in the right place! In this guide, we will cover everything you need to know about the JLPT N5 exam (test contents, length, scoring methods), how to register, how to prepare, what happens on test day, and some resources and lessons we offer at Coto Academy to help you through your studies.
Want to take your JLPT preparation to the next level? We have in-person and online JLPT courses taught by our experienced Japanese instructors to help you ace your next JLPT exam!
JLPT stands for Japanese Language Proficiency Test, also known as 日本語能力試験. As the name suggests, the exam measures and certifies the Japanese proficiency of non-native Japanese speakers and is used by universities and employees inside and outside Japan. It is normally carried out twice a year in Japan and is also available in certain other countries. JLPT Exams are often taken by Japanese learners planning a future in Japan!
Check out our guides for other JLPT levels as well:
The JLPT is divided into 5 different levels: N1, N2, N3, N4, and N5, with N1 being the most advanced level and N5 being the most basic.
The N4 and N5 tests you on basic Japanese that you can often learn in a classroom environment
The N3 acts as a bridge between N4/N5 and N2/N1
The N2 and N1 tests you on a wider spectrum of Japanese knowledge used in various situations in everyday life
Who should take the JLPT N5?
While JLPT is the most widely recognized standardized Japanese test, the JLPT N5 is often not enough to help you find employment. Still, the exam can be a viable first goal for beginner Japanese learners. You can set it as a short-term target. By taking the N5 Exam, you may be able to discover your strengths and weaknesses and pursue your studies more efficiently thereafter.
Addiionally, JLPT N5 has recently become more necessary when applying for certain types of student visas. In some cases, it is actually required that you have a JLPT N5 certificate before you can study in Japan!
If you’re seeking employment in Japan, holding JLPT N2 or, even better, JLPT N1 certification will give you a major advantage. Employers often grant preferential treatment to candidates who have passed N2 or N1, and N1 holders in particular can unlock the best opportunities.
What does the JLPT N5 test?
Generally, the JLPT N5 tests you on the understanding of some core basics of Japanese, including your ability to read and comprehend elementary expressions and sentences expressed in hiragana, katakana, and some kanji. You also need to be able to listen and comprehend typical, slow-spoken conversations abundant in everyday life and in classroom environments.
What are the different sections of N5 Exam?
The JLPT N5 Exam consists of three main sections. Each of the three sections tests you on different aspects of the Japanese language.
Section
Question types
1. Language Knowledge (Vocabulary)
– Kanji reading – Orthography – Contextually-defined expressions – Paraphrases
For all of the above three sections, you must master approximately 800 vocabulary words and 100 kanji. The 800 vocabulary words covered in the N5 Exam will correspond to the most commonly used words in the Japanese language. The 100 kanji will cover those that are naturally used in simple daily conversations, such as those related to numbers, time and days of the week, family members, and basic verbs.
Furthermore, you must be familiar with typical grammar points such as basic particle usage (は、が、を) and basic formal and casual conjugations of verbs and adjectives for past and present tenses. Before taking the test, you should be comfortable with reading and writing short, simple sentences.
Because the JLPT Exam does not test on speaking, learners who are not comfortable speaking in Japanese can theoretically still pass, as long as they have mastered the vocabulary, kanji, and grammar covered on the N5 Exam. (However, Japanese conversational abilities would make life much easier if you are seriously considering a future in Japan.)
If you are living in Japan already and want to improve your Japanese speaking, there are a variety of fun ways to practice Japanese and get out of your shell!
How long is the N5 Exam?
You are given different amounts of time for each of the three test sections.
Section
Time
Language Knowledge (Vocabulary)
20 minutes
Language Knowledge (Grammar) and Reading
40 minutes
Listening
30 minutes
Total Time
90 minutes
In total, you are given 90 minutes to complete the JLPT N5 Exam.
What is the scoring for the JLPT N5 like?
Although the N5 Exam contains three sections, the scoring is divided into two.
Section
Range of Scores
Language Knowledge (Vocabulary/Grammar) and Reading
0 – 120
Listening
0 – 60
Overall Score
0 – 180
Your overall score can range from anywhere between 0 to 180.
For the N5 Exam, a passing score is anything above an overall score of 80 points. However, in addition to meeting the overall score of 80 points, you must also meet sectional pass marks of 38 points in the Language Knowledge (Vocabulary/Grammar) and Reading Section and 19 points in the Listening Section.
How long should I study for JLPT N5?
For students with kanji knowledge, like Chinese students, it takes 350 hours to pass the N5 exam. For other students who don’t have prior kanji knowledge, it takes 462 hours of studying.
These hours estimates are gathered when students self-report their estimated study time during the exam registration process. The question is added as a compulsory field.
In addition to hiragana and katakana, the JLPT N5 covers around 100 kanji and 800 vocabulary words. (Of course, you do not have to know all of them to pass, but it’s impossible to predict which ones will be on the exam.)
We highly recommend that you check out our JLPT N5 Self-Study Guide.
We have also provided several of the worksheets free of charge at the links below! These are very useful as they cover many of the kanji that you will be tested on during the N5 exam.
To become familiar with the most commonly used vocabulary words likely to appear on the JLPT N5 Exam, check out our list of the Top 100 Basic Japanese Words.
Mastering JLPT N5 Grammar
Although the JLPT N5 Exam scores vocabulary and grammar cumulatively, it is recommended that you study for them independently. The grammar section of the exam tests on basic particle usage (ha, ga, wo, etc.) and formal and casual conjugations of verbs and adjectives for past and present tenses.
To learn grammar points covered on the N5 Exam, you can check out the below the articles on basic Japanese Grammar:
To help you get prepared for the listening section, we have a 30-day challenge for you!
In our Free JLPT N5 30-Day Grammar Listening Challenge, you will spend 15 minutes each day for 30 days improving your listening and learning new grammar points. Each day, you will be given two phrases or grammar points and check your understanding with a flash card matching game. By the end of the course, not only will you have strengthened your listening, but you will have also learned 60 grammar points necessary to pass the N5 Exam!
Although self-studying is a great way to study at your own pace, textbooks and worksheets may not perfectly prepare you for what’s to come on the JLPT Exam.
How to register for JLPT N5
Registering for the JLPT can be done online via the official JLPT website. The tests are conducted worldwide. In Japan, the JLPT is held annually in July and December. Make sure to check the official site for the list of overseas JLPT test sites.
Application Period: The July exam application periods end in April. December exam applications end in September
Before heading out to your test center, make sure to bring your test voucher, writing utensils (mechanical pencils are accepted), and maybe some snacks and a watch to help you with time management.
For examinees in Japan, your test will begin at 12:30, but the test center will already be open from 11:45. We recommend you head out early to be safe.
Once you arrive at your test venue, you will be asked to show your test voucher to the staff. Examinees are split into different rooms based on their voucher numbers. You will be instructed to enter one of these rooms.
The whole exam will take several hours to complete (in the case of the N5 Exam, an hour and a half), and you will get short breaks between each section. When the exam is finished, you will need to wait until all test papers have been collected before you can leave the room. Check out our article on JLPT tips for the actual day.
Taking the JLPT? Join Preparation Lessons at Coto Academy!
Planning to take the JLPT? Maximize your chances of success with customized lessons at Coto Academy. Our experienced instructors have helped hundreds of students pass the exam. You’ll cover all sections of the test and practice with real mock exams based on past JLPT papers.
Spots fill up quickly. Sign up today and start your path to JLPT success!
The JLPT N5 is considered to be the most basic level of Japanese. To pass the test you would need to know around 800 vocabulary words and 100 kanji characters. The test mostly uses hiragana, katakana, and just a bit of kanji. You would also need to understand simple Japanese conversation.
How many hours of studying is needed to pass the JLPT?
While it depends on your current level and linguistic background, on average, it could take around 460 hours of study if you are starting from scratch. If your native language already uses kanji, the hours of study could be much less, around 350 hours.
Would passing the JLPT N5 have benefits for visas or getting jobs?
Passing the JLPT N5 could be considered when applying for certain work or long-term stay visas. Some roles that require a basic level of Japanese would consider the N5 certification a plus point for your application.
Is taking the N5 worth it?
The JLPT N5, while still testing a basic level, is still very valuable. It’s a great way to gauge your Japanese level and progress, which can be very motivating. It’s also an official certificate that you can use on your resume or other documents, showcasing your skills.
How many study hours do you need to pass the JLPT? The Japanese Language Proficiency Test is the benchmark for your knowledge of the Japanese language. One of the first questions that probably comes to mind is: “How long do I need to prepare for the JLPT?”
The answer isn’t the same for everyone. It depends on things like your current level, how you study, and whether you’ve learned the language before. Still, having a rough idea of the time commitment for each level (from N5 to N1) can really help with planning and staying motivated.
In this post, we will show you some interesting comparisons of the number of JLPT study hours it will take you to pass each exam level.
Study Hours Needed to Study JLPT N5 to N1
JLPT level
Hours needed to study
With kanji knowledge
Without kanji knowledge
N5
350 hours
400 – 500 hours
N4
550 hours
800 – 1,000 hours
N3
900 hours
1,325 hours
N2
1,500 hours
2,200 hours
N1
2,150 hours
3,900 – 4,500 hours
The number of study hours needed to pass the JLPT can vary a lot depending on the learner. If you’re living in Japan or regularly exposed to Japanese, especially kanji, you may be able to progress more quickly thanks to daily practice and immersion. Similarly, learners who already know Chinese or Korean often need fewer hours because of shared kanji or grammar patterns.
Note that the numbers above are cumulative totals. For example, to reach JLPT N2, you need about 1,500–2,200 hours total, not just 1,000 hours after passing N3. If you have already passed N4 and are aiming for N3, you’d need around 250–400 more hours, depending on your level.
To help you plan, here’s a breakdown of the estimated total study hours for each JLPT level, along with how many days it might take if you study 1 hour a day. We’ll also include how those numbers change if you study 2 hours daily.
How many days to study for the JLPT?
JLPT level
Days needed (1 hour/day)
Days needed (2 hours/day)
N5
250 – 400 days
125 – 200 days
N4
600 – 750 days
300 – 375 days
N3
950 – 1,100 days
475 – 550 days
N2
1,600 – 2,200 days
800 – 1,100 days
N1
2,150 – 4,500 days
1,075 – 2,250 days
What do these numbers mean?
Some learners can reach JLPT N5 in just 6 months, and with intensive study, it’s even possible to pass JLPT N1 within 2 years. But how long it takes depends on how much time you put in consistently. Here’s a general breakdown based on studying 1 hour per day:
N5: If you study just 1 hour per day, you could be ready in under a year.
N4: Builds on N5 with more vocabulary and grammar. Studying 1 hour a day means about 1.5 to 2 years of study.
N3: Intermediate level, with a big jump in vocabulary and kanji. It can take around 3 years at 1 hour per day.
N2: Upper-intermediate, where you handle complex grammar and real-world materials. This level often takes 4.5 to 6 years at 1 hour per day.
N1: It may take around 6 years of 2 hours per day study, or up to 12+ years if you’re studying lightly!
Study Hours Needed for JLPT N5
Estimated study time: 350 – 500 hours
For students with kanji knowledge, it takes around 350 hours to study for the JLPT! It’s close to the hours you would spend in preparing for a driver’s license in Japan.
For other students who don’t have prior kanji knowledge, it takes 400 – 500 hours. That is about the same as if you were to take a course to obtain a pastry diploma in Le Cordon Bleu, which is around 453 hours!
The number of study hours increases quite a bit when you’re starting Japanese from scratch, since you first need to learn the basics—like hiragana and katakana—before even beginning to tackle kanji and grammar.
Study Hours Needed for JLPT N4:
Estimated study time: 550 – 1,000 hours
JLPT N4 builds upon what you learned in N5. You’ll expand your vocabulary to around 1,500 words and know about 300 kanji. Grammar becomes a bit more complex, and you’ll begin to understand more conversational Japanese, such as simple instructions, or casual dialogue.
For students with kanji knowledge, it takes 550 hours to pass the test.
If you are a non-native English speaker, that is about the same as studying to improve your TOEIC score from 500 to 700.
For other students, it’s 787 hours. With this time, you can become a train driver in Japan!
Study Hours Needed for JLPT N3:
Estimated study time: 900 – 1,325 hours
N3 represents a big jump in difficulty and marks the shift to intermediate Japanese. You’ll need to know around 650 kanji and 3,700 vocabulary words. At this level, you should be able to understand written and spoken content on everyday topics with some abstract language.
For students with kanji knowledge, it takes 900 hours. This amount of hours is the same as getting a Spanish Food Le Cordon Bleu diploma, which requires around 880 hours!
For other students with no prior kanji knowledge, it would take around 1,325 hours to study for JLPT N3. With this amount of time, you can become an architect, as that course takes 1500 hours.
Study Hours Needed for JLPT N2:
Estimated study time: 1,500 – 2,200 hours
N2 is often required for working in Japan or entering a Japanese university. You’ll be expected to know about 1,000 kanji and 6,000 vocabulary words. The test includes more complex texts, nuanced grammar, and fast-paced spoken Japanese.
For students with kanji knowledge, it takes around 1475 hours to study for the JLPT. This number is equivalent to becoming a co-pilot of an aircraft! For other students, it’s 2,200 hours, which is almost the same time it would take to get a USCPA (Certified Public Accountant).
Study Hours Needed for JLPT N1:
Estimated study time: 2,150 – 4,500 hours
To pass JLPT N1, it generally takes 3,900 – 4,500 hours to study without any prior kanji knowledge. If you already know most of the kanji, it requires around 2,150 hours.
You might notice there’s a big jump between JLPT N2 and N1. The difficulty gap is significant, with N1 requiring much deeper understanding of grammar, vocabulary, and kanji. Because of this, many learners spend one to three years just moving from N2 to N1, even after years of study to reach N2.
To put that into perspective: 2,150 hours is about the same amount of time it would take to walk from the southern tip of Yamaguchi Prefecture to the northern edge of Aomori Prefecture, which is a journey across the length of Japan’s main island, Honshu. And 4,500 hours? That’s roughly the time it would take to travel around the world on a cruise ship!
Pass the JLPT with Coto Academy!
Now that you know how much time it takes to prepare for the JLPT, it’s time to make a plan! The best way to pass the JLPT is by studying at a top language school like Coto Academy.
Coto Academy offers both online and in-person JLPT preparation courses in Tokyo, led by experienced instructors who will guide you through every section of the exam. Whether you’re aiming for N5 or N1, our focused, supportive environment will help you stay motivated and on track. Ready to pass the JLPT with confidence? Join Coto Academy!
Want more tips on how to pass the JLPT? Check out our other in-depth guides and start preparing smarter today!
It typically takes around 350 to 500 hours of study to pass the JLPT N5. This level covers basic grammar, vocabulary, and hiragana/katakana.
Can I pass the JLPT by studying on my own?
Yes, many learners pass the JLPT through self-study, but joining a structured course like those at Coto Academy can significantly improve your efficiency and chances of success.
Is it possible to become fluent in Japanese in 2 years?
Yes, it’s possible if you study consistently and immerse yourself. To reach conversational fluency, aim for 1.5–3 hours of study per day, practice speaking regularly, and expose yourself to real Japanese (TV, podcasts, books).
Can I pass JLPT N3 in 1 year?
Yes, you can pass JLPT N3 in 1 year if you study around 3 hours per day consistently. It takes around 900 – 1,325 hours to study for JLPT N3.
Planning to study for the JLPT? Short for the Japanese Language Proficiency Test, JLPT is the most recognized Japanese language certification used by employers, universities, and immigration authorities to assess non-native speakers’ Japanese proficiency.
People say that passing the JLPT opens many doors, like landing a job in Japan and even help with your visa application for permanent residence. But with so much at stake, the JLPT can also be one of the most stressful tests to take. How long should you study? Can you even take the test where you live?
In this guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about the JLPT, from registration to preparation strategies and resources, so you can walk into the exam room ready to pass!
If you’re looking to prepare for the JLPT, you can join classes online or in person in Tokyo at Coto Academy. Contact us today!
What is the JLPT?
The Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) is a standardized exam administered by the Japan Educational Exchanges and Services (JEES) and the Japanese Ministry of Education. It evaluates and certifies the Japanese language skills of non-native speakers across five levels, from N5 (beginner) to N1 (advanced).
The JLPT was first introduced in 1984 in response to the growing demand for a reliable Japanese language certification. In its first year, only 7,000 people took the test. By 2024, around 1.72 million people took the test worldwide!
The exam has evolved significantly over time. Back then, it was even used as a requirement for international students applying to Japanese universities. While the EJU (Examination for Japanese University Admission for International Students) has largely taken its place in academia, the JLPT remains a trusted credential for employers.
Originally held only once a year with just four levels, it now takes place twice a year (in July and December) in many countries, except in 2020, when it was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Today, all JLPT levels use multiple-choice questions and are machine-scored to maintain fairness.
What are the JLPT levels?
There are five JLPT levels, each designed to measure different stages of Japanese language proficiency.
The beginner levels, N5 and N4, focus on building a solid foundation in basic Japanese. N3 serves as a bridge between beginner and advanced skills, demonstrating the ability to handle everyday conversations comfortably. N2 is often considered business-level Japanese and is the minimum requirement for many companies hiring foreign workers. Finally, N1 represents full fluency of the language.
Here’s an overview of how many kanji and vocabulary words you’ll need to know for each JLPT level:
JLPT Level
Approximate Kanji to Know
Approximate Vocabulary to Know
N5
100
800
N4
300
1,500
N3
650
3,750
N2
1,000
6,000
N1
2,000+
10,000+
Below is a detailed explanation of each level to help you decide which JLPT exam best suits your current skills and goals:
1. JLPT N5
The JLPT N5 is the most basic level, designed to test fundamental Japanese language skills. It is roughly equivalent to A1 on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). This level evaluates your ability to understand and use simple phrases and everyday expressions written in hiragana, katakana, and basic kanji.
At this point, you can prove that you can greet people, but you can’t express your opinion yet.
While N5 alone may not open many job opportunities, it serves as a valuable goal for beginners!
The JLPT N4 shows that you can handle basic Japanese used in daily life, including reading simple passages and understanding common conversations. It corresponds approximately to A2-B1 on the CEFR.
Passing the JLPT N4 is usually manageable for those who have already cleared N5. However, N4 requires knowing about 200 additional kanji and roughly 700 more vocabulary words compared to the N5 level.
Make sure to watch our YouTube video, where Nami-sensei teaches you how to use one of JLPT N3 grammar, dake (だけ)!
3. JLPT N3
JLPT N3 is the intermediate level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test, sitting right between the beginner (5 or N4) and advanced (N2 and N1) tiers. It’s designed to test your ability to understand everyday Japanese used in a range of familiar situations.
At this level, you’re expected to have a solid grasp of grammar, a growing vocabulary, and the ability to read slightly more complex texts.
For many learners, N3 is an achievable milestone. It shows that you can handle daily conversations, understand basic news headlines, and navigate typical communication in a Japanese environment without much difficulty.
Professionally, JLPT N3 is often the minimum requirement for part-time jobs in Japan and may also be accepted for technical roles in global companies where some Japanese ability is helpful but not strictly essential, such as in IT or engineering teams.
The JLPT N2 demonstrates advanced intermediate proficiency. At this level, you are expected to understand Japanese used in a wide variety of contexts, such as newspapers, TV shows, lectures, and business conversations.
N2 is often regarded as the benchmark for business-level Japanese. Although N2 is the threshold for fluency, more companies are relaxing their standards for Japanese fluency to the N3 level.
The JLPT N1 is the highest and most challenging level, indicating near-native fluency. It covers about 2,000 kanji and 10,000 vocabulary words. N1 tests your ability to comprehend complex texts such as academic articles, editorials, and detailed reports, as well as to follow nuanced conversations on specialized topics.
Although N1 is the highest JLPT level, learners can further challenge themselves by taking the Business Japanese Proficiency Test (BJT). Unlike the JLPT, which focuses on general language proficiency, the BJT is designed to objectively measure practical communication skills in a Japanese business environment.
The JLPT measures your language skills across four main areas: vocabulary, grammar, reading, and listening. Each section is timed, and the structure varies slightly depending on the test level.
For JLPT N5 to N3, the exam is split into three sections:
Vocabulary
Grammar and Reading
Listening
For JLPT N2 and N1, vocabulary, grammar, and reading are merged into one section, making time management even more crucial.
Test duration by level
Level
Test Sections
Time Allotment
Total Duration
N1
Vocabulary, Grammar and Reading
110 minutes
165 min
Listening
55 minutes
N2
Vocabulary, Grammar and Reading
105 min
155 min
Listening
50 minutes
N3
Vocabulary
30 min
140 min
Grammar + Reading
70 min
Listening
40 min
N4
Vocabulary
25 minutes
115 minutes
Grammar + Reading
55 minutes
Listening
35 minutes
N5
Vocabulary
20 minutes
90 minutes
Grammar + Reading
40 minutes
Listening
30 minutes
JLPT section breakdown
1. Vocabulary (語彙)
This section tests your knowledge of Japanese words and kanji readings. You’ll need to recognize vocabulary in different formats, such as:
Kanji reading: Select the correct reading of the underlined kanji.
Orthography: Choose the correct kanji for a word written in hiragana.
Word formation: Complete compound words or expressions.
Paraphrasing: Pick a synonym or phrase with a similar meaning.
Usage and expressions: Choose the sentence where a word is used correctly or complete the missing parts.
2. Grammar (文法)
Though the dedicated grammar test section in JLPT is short, remember that the level-appropriate grammar is also embedded across other sections like reading and vocabulary. You may encounter:
Grammar fill-in-the-blank: Choose the appropriate grammar form or phrases.
Sentence order: Rearrange jumbled parts into a grammatically correct sentence.
Phrase completion: Select the best phrase to complete a sentence naturally.
3. Reading (読解)
The reading section is often considered one of the most difficult. You’ll read various texts and answer questions about them. The complexity increases at higher levels. Reading tasks may include:
Passage comprehension: Understand short to long texts.
Information retrieval: Extract key details from ads, notices, or schedules.
Integrated comprehension: Compare two passages (only in N2 and N1).
Thematic comprehension: Grasp the main idea of long-form texts (N2 and N1).
4. Listening (聴解)
The listening section of the JLPT tests how well you can understand spoken Japanese in real-life situations. You’ll hear short conversations, announcements, or monologues, and answer questions based on what you heard. Importantly, you only hear the audio once, and the questions appear after the audio, so active listening and memory are key.
Appropriate Response: Choose the best reply to a short conversation or question.
Task Comprehension: Understand what action is required based on instructions or requests.
Key Point Comprehension: Identify the main idea or important details of the dialogue.
Verbal Expressions: Interpret specific phrases or expressions in context.
Integrated Comprehension: (N2/N1 only) Follow longer conversations and compare opinions or viewpoints.
Passing score for JLPT
To pass the JLPT (Japanese-Language Proficiency Test), you must pass both the overall score requirement and the minimum sectional score.
1. Overall score requirement
Each JLPT level has a different total score and passing threshold:
JLPT Level
Total Score
Passing Score
N1
180
100
N2
180
90
N3
180
95
N4
180
90
N5
180
80
2. Minimum sectional score
Similarly, the minimum required scores for each section of the JLPT vary by level. Note that for JLPT N4 and N5, vocabulary, grammar, and reading are combined into a single section!
JLPT Level
Vocabulary and Grammar
Reading
Listening
Total score
Passing score
Total score
Passing score
Total score
Passing score
N1
19
60
19
60
19
60
N2
19
60
19
60
19
60
N3
19
60
19
60
19
60
JLPT Level
Vocabulary, Grammar and Reading
Listening
Total score
Passing score
Total score
Passing score
N4
120
38
19
60
N5
120
38
19
60
This means even if your total score meets the passing requirement, you won’t pass the test unless you also reach the minimum score in each individual section.
For instance, in N2, you must score at least 19 points in both the combined Language Knowledge (Vocabulary/Grammar) & Reading section, and in the Listening section. You can’t rely on one strong area to make up for a weak one!
When and where can you take the JLPT?
Wondering if you can take the JLPT in your home country? The Japanese-Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) is held twice a year, typically on the first Sunday of July and December, both in Japan and at select overseas locations.
However, some countries only offer the JLPT once a year, either in July or December, so it’s important to check your local schedule.
As of 2024, the JLPT is conducted in over 96 countries and regions. That means if you live in or near a major city, there’s a good chance a test center is available nearby. You can check the official JLPT site for the list of overseas test sites.
How many hours does it take to study for JLPT?
The number of study hours needed to pass the JLPT can vary widely depending on the learner. If you’re living in Japan or regularly exposed to Japanese, especially kanji, you may progress more quickly.
Learners with a background in Chinese or other kanji-based languages also tend to pick things up faster due to their familiarity with the writing system.
Exam level
Hours needed to study
With kanji knowledge
Without kanji knowledge
N5
350 hours
400 – 500 hours
N4
550 hours
800 – 1,000 hours
N3
900 hours
1325 hours
N2
1500 hours
2200 hours
N1
2150 hours
3900 – 4500 hours
Take a look at the table below for a rough estimate of how many hours you might need to spend studying for each JLPT level!
JLPT Level
Estimated Study Duration (1–2 hours/day)
N5
4 to 6 months
N4
7 to 9 months
N3
10 to 12 months
N2
14 to 18 months
N1
20 to 24+ months
If you study for 1–2 hours a day, you can expect to reach JLPT N5 or N4 in about 6 to 9 months. Advancing to N2 or N1, however, might take 2 to 3 years of consistent effort. Keep in mind that even some long-time learners haven’t reached N1!
The best way to prepare for the JLPT combines multiple strategies: taking mock exams, joining a prep course, using varied study materials, immersing yourself in Japanese media, and, most importantly, being consistent.
Everyone learns differently, so there’s no single approach that works for everyone. The key is to find a routine that fits your goals and stick to it. Here’s how to get started:
1. Set up a study schedule
If you’re serious about passing the JLPT, especially with a high score, you need a realistic and consistent study plan. Design a daily or weekly schedule that includes time for vocabulary, grammar, reading, and listening.
For example:
Learn 10–20 new vocabulary words and kanji each day.
Dedicate one day a week to reading practice or mock test review.
Review previous content regularly to reinforce memory.
You never want to cram your JLPT exam preparation, especially for higher levels.
2. Take mock exams
Practice exams help you get familiar with the JLPT format and time constraints. Simulating real test conditions helps reduce anxiety and improves time management. It also reveals your weak points so you can focus your efforts more efficiently.
Pro tip: For N2 and N1, where reading, vocabulary, and grammar are combined into one long section, poor time management can cost you the entire reading section. Practice under timed conditions to develop your pacing.
3. Join a JLPT prep course
While it’s entirely possible to prepare for the JLPT on your own, many learners find that structured guidance and support make a huge difference.
Joining a course like the JLPT prep course at Coto Academy gives you access to expert teachers, well-organized lessons, and high-quality study materials. Plus, you’ll be surrounded by classmates who share your goal, creating a motivating and encouraging environment.
Coto Academy’s JLPT courses cover everything you need to succeed, from essential grammar and vocabulary to kanji and exam strategies. Whether you prefer a focused three-month intensive program or a year-round course, we offer options for all JLPT levels!
3. Gather study materials
To effectively prepare for the JLPT, it’s essential to use a mix of study tools. Combining different resources helps reinforce your skills in kanji, vocabulary, grammar, reading, and listening, and keeps your study sessions more engaging.
Textbooks: JLPT-specific textbooks like the Shin Kanzen Master or TRY! series are great for targeted practice in grammar, vocabulary, and reading. We’ve curated a list of the best JLPT textbooks to help you choose the right one.
Online Resources & Apps: Make use of websites, mobile apps, and online platforms designed for JLPT learners. Need recommendations? Check out our blog on the best Japanese learning apps.
Flashcards: Flashcards are great for memorizing vocabulary and kanji. Tools like Anki, which use spaced repetition, can make your study more efficient. We’ve also created a guide to help you get started with Anki and listed our favorite Japanese decks.
4. Read newspapers and watch the news
This is especially helpful for JLPT N2 and N1 learners, where the reading section becomes more advanced. Anime can help you learn Japanese, but it might not be able to prepare you for JLPT N1.
Instead, you can switch to content that uses more formal and natural Japanese, like:
Japanese news (NHK, ANN on YouTube)
Newspapers and articles
TV shows that require concentration
Keep a dictionary handy and look up unfamiliar words as you read or listen. The more you expose yourself to real-world Japanese, the more comfortable you’ll become with kanji, grammar patterns, and idiomatic expressions.
Best JLPT textbooks
There are many great textbooks you can buy to prepare for the JLPT, ranging from those that cover a lot of test elements to specialized ones that cover only vocabulary.
Some of our top recommendations include:
1. Genki
Best for: Beginners (N5 – N4)
If you’re enrolled in a Japanese language class, chances are you’ll be using either Genki or Minna no Nihongo. Both offer a solid foundation in grammar, vocabulary, and kanji through clear explanations.
While it doesn’t specifically target JLPT N5 or N4, its content closely aligns with what you’ll need to pass those levels.
2. Minna no Nihongo
Best for: Beginners (N5 – N4)
Another go-to for beginners, Minna no Nihongo is used by a lot of language schools in Japan. It’s more grammar-focused than Genki and written mostly in Japanese, which really helps with immersion.
It does come with a translation and grammar guide in your language, so you won’t get lost.
3. Try! Japanese Language Proficiency Test
Best for: All levels
The Try! series is a favorite among JLPT test-takers because it’s made specifically for each JLPT level. It walks you through grammar with clear explanations, real-life example sentences, and practice questions that feel just like the actual test.
What’s great is how it breaks things down into three simple steps: first, you see how grammar is used in real conversations, then you get to practice the basics, and finally, you apply what you’ve learned through listening and reading exercises. Each book also comes with an audio CD and a separate answer booklet!
4. Shin Kanzen Master
Best for: Intermediate to advanced (N3 – N1)
The Shin Kanzen Master series is one of the most thorough JLPT prep resources out there for serious learners aiming for a high score on N2 or N1.
Each book focuses on a specific section of the test: grammar, vocabulary, reading, or listening, and goes into impressive detail. The vocabulary book, for example, is split into two parts: the first helps you learn words based on themes and everyday situations, while the second breaks them down by part of speech and usage.
There’s also a mock test section so you can get a feel for the real exam.
5. Tango Vocabulary Series
Best for: Vocabulary practice for all levels
This compact, almost pocket-sized vocabulary book comes with a red plastic sheet that lets you hide the Japanese vocabulary for self-review.
Each book is tailored to a specific JLPT level and organizes vocabulary by theme, like hobbies, family, and adverbs. It’s especially great for building a daily study habit and perfect for learners who want quick, portable practice sessions on the go.
6. Nihongo So Matome
Best for: N3–N1 prep with lighter content
This series is designed to be completed in a short time (around 6 weeks per book). It’s great for learners who prefer visual aids and concise explanations. It’s not as in-depth as Shin Kanzen Master, but it’s great for reinforcing key concepts efficiently.
Of course, there are other great textbooks! We’ve made a full coverage of the best JLPT textbooks you can get based on each level:
If you’re planning to take the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT), it’s important to know when and how to register. The registration period opens a few months before the exam date, but the exact timing depends on where you plan to take the test.
In Japan:
For the July exam, registration usually opens around mid-March.
For the December exam, registration starts around mid-August.
Outside Japan:
For the July exam, registration is typically open from March to April.
For the December exam, registration usually runs from August to September.
Since these dates can vary by location, the best way to stay updated is visiting the official JLPT website.
How to register for the JLPT:
Create a MyJLPT account: This online account is your portal to managing your test registration and viewing your results later on.
Complete the online application: Fill out your personal details, choose your test level, and select your test location.
Make your payment: Test fees are generally around 5,500 yen but can vary by country and test center. Your registration isn’t complete until payment is confirmed.
Test seats can fill up fast, especially in popular locations. Make sure to register as soon as the application window opens to secure your spot.
Your JLPT results will be available online approximately two months after your test date. You can check them by logging into your MyJLPT account, where you’ll get instant access to your scores.
For those residing in Japan, the official physical certificate will be mailed to your registered address on a scheduled date. Once you receive it, you can also request an official transcript, which can be sent out right away.
If you need your results urgently, you may apply for express delivery of your transcript.
Want a detailed, step-by-step breakdown? Check out our full blog post on how to view your JLPT results!
We already have a dedicated blog post with practical tips for test day (check it out!), but here are some essential reminders to keep in mind before and during the exam:
1. Bring an analog watch
Sometimes the wall clock is behind you or in a hard-to-see spot. Having your own watch helps you manage time without looking suspicious. Just make sure it’s not a smartwatch, as those are strictly prohibited.
2. Pack extra supplies
Bring multiple sharpened pencils and an extra eraser — better safe than sorry! You don’t want to be stuck with a broken pencil halfway through a timed section.
3. Answer every question
There’s no penalty for wrong answers, so make sure you fill in something for every question, especially if time is running out. Guessing is better than leaving anything blank — you’ve got nothing to lose!
4. Arrive early
It might sound obvious, but make sure to get to the test center at least 30–45 minutes before the exam starts. This buffer time allows you to check in, find your seat, and mentally prepare without feeling rushed. It’s also a great time to visit the restroom — while there are breaks between test sections, you can expect long lines, so going beforehand can save you unnecessary stress.
Plan to take the JLPT? Join a JLPT prep Course at Coto Academy!
Preparing for the JLPT on your own can be challenging. With Coto Academy’s online and in-person JLPT prep courses, you’ll do more than just pass — you’ll unlock your full potential, reach your target score, and go beyond.
Our expert instructors guide you through all test sections, with classes available in Tokyo and online. You can choose between a 3-month intensive course or take more structured, year-round lessons. Ready to get started? Contact us today for a Japanese-level assessment and a free consultation to find the perfect course for you!
Don’t believe us? See our past JLPT success rate story. Love our content and want more free resources on JLPT grammar and vocabulary? Don’t forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel, where we share new learning materials every week.
What is the JLPT?
The Japanese-Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) is a standardized exam that measures and certifies your Japanese language ability. It has five levels: N5 (beginner) to N1 (advanced).
When is the JLPT held?
The JLPT is offered twice a year, typically in July and December. In some countries, it may only be available once a year, so check the official JLPT website or your local test center.
Where can I take the JLPT?
The JLPT is administered in over 90 countries and regions worldwide. Most major cities have test centers. You can find the full list of test locations on the official JLPT website.
How much does the JLPT cost?
The test fee is generally around 5,500 yen (approximately $50 USD), but fees may vary depending on the country or test site.
What is the passing score for the JLPT?
Passing requires meeting both the overall score and minimum sectional score requirements. Each level has different passing criteria, but generally, you need around 60% overall and a minimum score in each section.
Can I take the JLPT multiple times?
Yes, you can take the JLPT as many times as you want. Many learners retake the exam to improve their scores or advance to higher levels.
Can I pass JLPT N5 in 3 months?
If you study intensively and daily, you might be able to pass JLPT N5 within 3 – 6 months.
After mastering hiragana, one of the three Japanese writing systems, the natural next step is to learn katakana, the second Japanese syllabary. Commonly used to write loanwords, katakana represent the same set of sounds as hiragana, but they look completely different.
Katakana characters are typically boxier and more geometric, with sharp corners, in contrast to hiragana’s soft, flowing curves.
Many learners find katakana a bit tricky at first. Some characters look quite similar to each other, and it’s easy to mix them up. But don’t worry! In this guide, we’ll explain what katakana is, when to use it, and provide a free printable katakana chart to help you memorize and practice with ease.
Just started learning Japanese? Explore beginner-friendly courses at Coto Academy, available both online and in person in Tokyo! Contact us today!
What is Katakana?
Katakana, written カタカナ, is one of the three main scripts used in the Japanese writing system, alongside hiragana and kanji. It is a phonetic syllabary, meaning that each character represents a specific sound or syllable, not an idea or meaning like kanji.
Katakana consists of 46 basic characters, such as ka (カ), shi (シ), or to (ト), plus their additional modified forms. Both katakana and hiragana — and the Japanese language as a whole — are built around five core vowels: A, I, U, E, and O.
Beyond the basic characters, there are also modified versions that represent long vowels and double consonants. There are also combination sounds like kya, shu, and cho.
The five vowels in katakana and hiragana look something like below:
Katakana
Romanization
Pronunciation
Example
ア
A
ah
“art”
イ
I
ee
“see”
ウ
U
oo
“food”
エ
E
eh
“met”
オ
O
oh
“go”
This system might feel very different if you’re coming from English, which only has 5 vowel letters, but nearly 20 vowel sounds — plus many diphthongs (blended vowel sounds like in ride or loud).
To get started, download this chart, which includes all the katakana characters (including the variations) you’ll be learning on this page.
If you have access to a printer, printing it out can be helpful, but you can also follow along digitally if you prefer, or save them as a picture so you can review them on your phone!
Like hiragana, basic katakana consists of 46 core characters that represent the fundamental sounds of the Japanese language.
However, katakana is especially useful for adapting foreign words, and this is where dakuten, handakuten, and small kana combinations come into play. These diacritical marks allow for more flexible pronunciation in both native and borrowed words.
Dakuten (゛) and handakuten (゜) are small marks that change the pronunciation of certain characters:
Dakuten (゛) adds a voiced sound (e.g. k → g, s → z)
Handakuten (゜) adds a “p” sound (used only with ハ-row sounds)
Here’s how they modify the basic katakana characters through dakuten and handakuten:
K to G
S to Z
T to D
H to B
H to P
カ → ガ (ga)
サ → ザ (za)
タ → ダ (da)
ハ → バ (ba)
ハ → パ (pa)
キ → ギ (gi)
シ → ジ (ji)
チ → ヂ (ji)
ヒ → ビ (bi)
ヒ → ピ (pi)
ク → グ (gu)
ス → ズ (zu)
ツ → ヅ (zu)
フ → ブ (bu)
フ → プ (pu)
ケ → ゲ (ge)
セ → ゼ (ze)
テ → デ (de)
ヘ → ベ (be)
ヘ → ペ (pe)
コ → ゴ (go)
ソ → ゾ (zo)
ト → ド (do)
ホ → ボ (bo)
ホ → ポ (po)
How to Use the Katakana Chart Effectively
Using our katakana chart effectively involves understanding its purpose, practicing regularly, and applying it in context. Here’s a guide to help you make the most out of your Katakana learning:
1. Familiarize yourself with the chart layout
The Katakana chart is organized by consonant-vowel pairs (e.g., ka, ki, ku, ke, ko).
2. Practice slowly
Start by memorizing the basic 46 characters before moving on to extended sounds (like ガ, ギ, グ).
A tip is to learn katakana one consonant line per day — such as starting with the “K” katakana, and then moving on to the “T.” Breaking the whole chart into smaller study sessions helps with retaining the characters more effectively and avoiding burnout.
3. Practice writing each character
Use the stroke order indicated in the chart to write each character neatly. Writing helps reinforce memory and improves your ability to recognize the characters
We even recommend starting to practice writing words with katakana, so you can start applying the letters to real examples.
While hiragana is mainly used for native Japanese words and grammar, Katakana is primarily used for foreign loanwords, though its usage extends far beyond that. Because katakana looks visually distinct from Hiragana, you can easily tell them apart in text, and this difference serves an important purpose.
Ever heard of onomatopoeia? It’s a word that phonetically imitates or suggests the sound it describes.
Japanese onomatopoeia is a bit unique because it doesn’t just mimic sounds—it’s also used to describe movements, feelings, and states. These words are often written in katakana to express sounds or conditions.
You’ll commonly find onomatopoeia in manga, anime, and advertisements.
In the Japanese language, katakana isn’t just used for foreign words. Katakana can also add emphasis, even if those words are traditionally written in hiragana and kanji.
Because katakana has a visually striking, angular shape, it naturally draws the reader’s attention, similar to how italics or boldface work in English.
In fact, you’ll often see katakana used this way in advertisements and signage to make key words pop.
For example:
カラダにいい！ Karada ni ii Good for your body!
彼はすごくカッコイイ！ Kare wa sugoku カッコイイ! He’s really cool!
5. Scientific and technical terms
Yes, katakana is also used for technical and scientific terms, including the scientific names of plants and animals. This convention helps distinguish the word from ordinary Japanese words.
Common Katakana Writing Mistakes to Avoid
Katakana can be tricky because many characters look or sound alike. Here are a few common mix-ups of similar-looking katakana.
1. シ (shi) vs. ツ (tsu)
シ (shi) has three short strokes pointing downward, while ツ (tsu) has strokes pointing to the right.
2. ソ (so) vs. ン (n)
ソ (so) strokes slant down to the left, ン (n)strokes slant down to the right.
3. ヌ (nu) vs. ネ (ne)
Both have diagonal strokes, but ヌ is distinguished by a small loop or hook at the bottom right, while ネ has a more angular shape with straight lines and no loop.
4. ヲ (wo) vs. ヨ (yo)
ヲ (wo) and ヨ (yo) are often mixed up because they both feature multiple horizontal strokes. However, ヲ includes a curved hook on the left side, giving it a more flowing shape, whereas ヨ consists of three straight, separate horizontal lines stacked vertically — like an inverted E!
Conclusion
There is no single way to learn Japanese, but we hope the katakana chart becomes a powerful tool to aid your study. Remember to use the chart alongside flashcards and exercises!
Ready to Start Your Japanese Learning Journey?
So what’s next? After mastering hiragana and katakana, it’s time to learn basic phrases and sentence formation.
Kickstart your journey with Coto Academy, where fun, conversation-focused classes are designed for beginners. Choose from intensive, part-time, or online Japanese courses tailored to help you reach your goals faster!
Katakana is one of the Japanese syllabaries mainly used for writing foreign loanwords, foreign names, onomatopoeia, scientific terms, and sometimes for emphasis, similar to italics in English.
How many characters are in katakana?
Katakana has 46 basic characters representing distinct syllables, plus a few additional combinations.
What is the difference between katakana and hiragana?
Both represent the same set of sounds but are used differently. Hiragana is mostly used for native Japanese words and grammar particles, while katakana is used for foreign words, names, and emphasis.
Are there any exceptions or irregularities in katakana pronunciation?
Katakana generally follows consistent phonetic rules, but some loanwords may adapt pronunciation to fit Japanese phonology, which can sound slightly different from the original.
