Hiragana, katakana, and kanji make up the Japanese writing system. When you start learning Japanese, figuring out how to read and write can feel overwhelming; after all, Japanese is completely different from the Roman alphabet! You then learn that there are three different writing systems used all at once. How is that even possible? Not to worry – these systems are simpler than you might expect! Each one has unique, defining characteristics and uses; once you learn more about these, reading and writing Japanese will be a breeze!

We’ve covered smaller articles for each Japanese writing system. Don’t forget to check out our downloadable hiragana chart and quiz for a more detailed guide and resource recommendation.

Origins of the Japanese Alphabet

Do you know about the history and the origin of hiragana and katakana? Originally, the Japanese ancestors did not have a writing system. Around the fifth century, they started using kanji, ideograms that were adopted from China and Korea. They only used the phonetic reading of the kanji, regardless of their meaning. At that time, the ideograms were called manyogana (万葉仮名).

However, kanji’s characters are composed of many strokes. They take longer to write, as you have noticed by now! Due to their difficulty, those ideograms were slowly simplified into kana alphabets, namely hiragana and katakana. They are called syllabograms, as each character corresponds to one sound in the Japanese language. According to historians, the change was initiated by Buddhist priests who thought kanji could not accurately represent the Japanese language and that a phonetic alphabet would be better.

Examples of Change

On the left is the manyogana, and on the right are simplified hiragana and katakana forms.

  • 安 →あ 阿 → ア (a)
  • 以 →い 伊 → イ(i)
  • 宇 →う、ウ(u)
  • 衣 →え 江 → エ(e)
  • 於 →お、オ(o)

This change is thought to have occurred between the eighth and ninth centuries.  Hiragana can be considered a simplified calligraphy form of the kanji’s strokes. On the other hand, katakana is taken from a single element of a kanji. In some cases, the Hiragana and Katakana are created from different ideograms.

Some hiragana and Katakana express the same sound and have similar shapes, such as り and リ. However, some can be dissimilar, such as あ and ア. Hiragana is said to be cursive, while katakana is more angular. Do take note that one sound can have more than one hiragana. In 1900 the two kana scripts, hiragana, and katakana were codified. This led to the clear establishment of rules for the Japanese system in 1946.

Japanese Writing System #1: Hiragana

Whenever you just start out learning Japanese, hiragana is usually the first writing system you learn. Hiragana is technically a syllabary or a way of writing where symbols represent whole syllables (such as “ba” and “to”) instead of individual sounds (such as “b” or “t”)5. This is because all Japanese words are made up of these small syllables, so there’s no need to write out individual sounds!

In Japanese, there are 46 basic syllables:

  • the basic vowels: a, i, u, e, o.
  • the k-line: ka, ki, ku, ke, ko.
  • the s-line: sa, shi, su, se, so. (Notice that the “si” sound is instead replaced by “shi.”)
  • the t-line: ta, chi, tsu, te, to. (Notice that the “ti” and “tu” sounds are instead pronounced closer to “chi” and “tsu.”)
  • the n-line: na, ni, nu, ne, no.
  • the h-line: ha, hi, fu, he, ho. (Notice that the “hu” sound is actually said as “fu.”)
  • the m-line: ma, mi, mu, me, mo.
  • the y-line: ya, yu, yo.
  • the r-line: ra, ri, ru, re, ro.
  • wa, o/wo, and n. (These sounds are unique, so they are generally placed together. The “o/wo” symbol can be pronounced either way and “n” is considered a whole syllable in Japanese.)

There are also 23 additional syllables in Japanese; these are formed with additional marks that we’ll cover in a minute.

  • the g-line: ga, gi, gu, ge, go.
  • the z-line: za, ji, zu, ze, zo. (Notice that “ji” is used instead of “zi.”)
  • the d-line: da, ji, zu, de, do. (“ji” and “zu” are pronounced the same way as in the z-line but have different uses.)
  • the b-line: ba, be, bu, be, bo.
  • the p-line: pa, pi, pu, pe, po.

Writing Hiragana

So, now that we’ve covered the basic sounds let’s see how these syllables are written down in hiragana:

hiragana chart

Hiragana is generally round in shape, with lots of curves and bends. This characteristic is a key way to tell what symbols are hiragana! You can also combine a consonant with a / ya / yu / yo / sound by attaching a small 「や」、「ゆ」、or 「よ」 to the / i / vowel character of each consonant.

Now, let’s take a look at those 23 additional sounds:

  • the g-line: が(ga), ぎ(gi), ぐ(gu), げ(ge), ご(go).
  • the z-line: ざ(za), じ(ji), ず(zu), ぜ(ze), ぞ(zo).
  • the d-line: だ(da), ぢ(ji), づ(zu), で(de), ど(do). 
  • the b-line: ば(ba), べ(be), ぶ(bu), べ(be), ぼ(bo).
  • the p-line: ぱ(pa), ぴ(pi), ぷ(pu), ぺ(pe), ぽ(po).

Did you notice something about the above sounds? The hiragana for the g-line is identical to the k-line, and the same goes for the z-line and s-line, the t-line and the d-line, the h-line and the b- and p-lines! The only difference is the addition of diacritical marks; these marks go to the upper right of the hiragana and can be either two short diagonal marks (called a dakuten) or a small circle (called the handakuten). This is pretty nice, as you don’t have to memorize even more symbols!

There are also contracted sounds in Japanese. These sounds are basically combinations of sounds ending in “-i” and the y-line and are considered one syllable as well. All you have to do for these is add a small y-line hiragana after the main hiragana! (Notice that not all of these syllables keep the “y” sound.)

  • the k-line: きゃ(kya), きゅ(kyu), きょ(kyo)
  • the s-line: しゃ(sha), しゅ(shu), しょ (sho)
  • the t-line: ちゃ(cha), ちゅ(chu), ちょ(cho)
  • the n-line: にゃ(nya), にゅ(nyu), にょ(nyo)
  • the h-line: ひゃ(hya), ひゅ(hyu), ひょ(hyo)
  • the m-line: みゃ(mya), みゅ(my) みょ(myo)
  • the r-line: りゃ(rya), りゅ(ryu), りょ(ryo)
  • the g-line: ぎゃ(gya), ぎゅ(gyu), ぎょ(gyo)
  • the z-line: じゃ(ja), じゅ(ju), じょ(jo)
  • the b-line: びゃ(bya), びゅ(byu), びょ(byo)
  • the p-line: ぴゃ(pya), ぴゅ(pyu), ぴょ(pyo)

So, that is the basics of how hiragana is written. However, there are also double consonants and long vowels, which are written with variations in hiragana (and katakana). We recommend checking out our full-length article here to learn more about those!

How to Use Hiragana

Hiragana can be used for many things; it’s like the all-rounder of writing Japanese, and it represents all the syllables of the Japanese language! Hiragana is used when writing verb endings, particles, grammar words (such as conjunctions), and many native Japanese words, as well as for words that do not have a corresponding kanji character. Hiragana is also used in furigana; this is when hiragana is written in a small font above kanji for those who don’t know the kanji’s reading.

Long Vowels and Double Consonants in Hiragana

In Japanese hiragana, double consonants are represented by adding a small “tsu” character (っ) before the consonant that is doubled. For example, the word “katta” (勝った), meaning “won”, would be written as かった, with a small “tsu” between the two “t” characters.

Long vowels in hiragana are done by extending a consonant or vowel with another vowel — depending on the vowel in accordance with the following chart.

For example, the word “ookii” (大きい), meaning “big”, would be written as おおきい.

Vowel SoundExtended byExample
aおばあさん
i, eおおきい、きれい
u, oこうこう、くうき

Example

Let’s start off with a simple sentence – “My pet’s name is Bob.” (What a funny name for a pet!) In Hiragana, this looks like this:

わたしの ぺっと の なまえ は  ぼぶ です。
Watashi no petto no namae wa bobu desu.

So, we can write a whole Japanese sentence just using hiragana! This is how most people (including native speakers) start off reading and writing Japanese. Of course, as you learn about katakana and kanji, some of these words will be replaced.  However, you will see that the particles (の [no] and は [wa]) and the native verb です(desu) will remain the same, as these are some of the things that specifically use hiragana!  

Now that you’ve learned the basics, it’s time for practice! Head on over to our list of practice sheets, apps, and quizzes to make sure you’ve got a solid understanding of hiragana!

Tips for Writing in Japanese

1. There are no spaces in the Japanese writing system

Japanese is written with no spaces, so a combination of hiragana, kanji, and katakana helps distinguish words within a sentence. As you improve your Japanese writing and reading skills, you’ll start to feel that reading kanji is often easier than reading a sentence that consists solely of hiragana.

2. Be careful of hiragana characters that sound and look similar

Pay more attention when pronouncing “tsu” and “su”. Beginner-level students also have a hard time discerning ro (ろ), re (れ), ru (る) — and nu (ぬ) and me (め) because they look similar.

3. Correct stroke order and direction are important

Writing hiragana with the correct stroke order and direction will help you intuitively know how to write new characters, and it has a big effect on how readable it ends up looking.

Japanese Writing System #2: Katakana

Katakana  Chart for Japanese learners

After hiragana, it’s a good idea to learn katakana next; katakana works the exact same way that hiragana does, just using different characters; some katakana’s symbols even look similar to their hiragana counterparts!  In fact, hiragana and katakana are often collectively referred to as kana, since they are so similar!

Writing Katakana  

the basic vowelsア(a), イ(i), ウ(u), エ(e), オ(o)
the k-lineカ (ka), キ(ki), ク(ku), ケ(ke), コ(ko)
the s-lineサ(sa), シ(shi), ス(su), セ(se), ソ(so)
the t-lineタ(ta), チ(chi),ツ(tsu), テ(te), ト(to)
the h-lineハ(ha), ヒ(hi), フ(fu), へ(he), ホ(ho)
the n-lineナ(na), ニ(ni), ヌ(nu), ネ(ne), ノ(no)
the m-lineマ(ma), ミ(mi), ム(mu), メ(me), モ(mo)
the y-lineヤ(ya), ユ(yu), ヨ(yo)
the r-lineラ(ra), リ(ri), ル(ru), レ(re), ロ(ro).
ワ(wa), ヲ(o/wo), and ン(n).

Now, let’s take a look at those 23 additional sounds:

  • the g-line: ガ(ga), ギ(gi), グ(gu), ゲ(ge), ゴ(go).
  • the z-line: ザ(za), ジ(ji), ズ(zu), ゼ(ze), ゾ(zo).
  • the d-line: ダ(da), ヂ(ji), ヅ(zu), デ(de), ド(do). 
  • the b-line: バ(ba), ビ(bi), ブ(bu), べ(be), ボ(bo).
  • the p-line: パ(pa), ピ(pi), プ(pu), ぺ(pe), ポ(po).

The contracted sounds are also formed the same way as in hiragana. However, katakana has additional combinations with small vowel letters to transcribe foreign sounds that did not originally exist in Japanese. These are generally easy to pronounce, as you simply combine the consonant of the main katakana symbol with the vowel of the smaller one.

Examples of this include the フェ (fe) in カフェ (kafe), the ティ (ti) in パーティー (paatii), and the ウィ (wi) in ハロウィーン (harowiin)!

You can see that katakana is simpler and has more straight lines than hiragana; this is one major way to tell them apart!

If you want to learn more about katakana, check out our article below and get a free, downloadable PDF of our chart!

Read More: What is Katakana? Free Katakana Chart and Learning Guide

How and When to Use Katakana

Another way to tell them apart is their usage. Katakana is used for foreign loanwords or words from different languages. ハンバーガー (hanbaagaa, hamburger) and アルバイト (arubaito, part-time job) are examples of Japanese words taken from English and German respectively. Many non-Japanese names are spelled using katakana as well!

Katakana is also used often used for onomatopoeic words, which are words that imitate sounds, such as “pikapika” (sparkling), “gacha” (clacking sound), or “wanwan” (dog’s bark).

Katakana can also be used to emphasize words, similar to how words might be italicized or bolded in English. You can usually see this more in signs or advertisements, like メガネ, megane (glasses) or ラーメン (raamen, glasses).

Long Vowels and Double Consonants in Katakana

Long vowels in katakana are so much simpler than hiragana. All long vowel sounds are denoted by a simple dash: ー.

For example, the word “アート” (aato), meaning “art”, has a long “a” sound represented by the horizontal line over the “a” character.

Double consonants in Katakana are represented using a small “tsu” character (ッ) just like in Hiragana. For example, the word “バッグ” (baggu), meaning “bag”, has a double “g” sound represented by the small “tsu” character.

Example of Katakana

Remember the pet with the funny name? Let’s take another look at that sentence, this time adding in katakana – try to guess where the katakana will be!

わたしのペットのなまえは ボブ です。
Watashi no petto no namae wa bobu desu.

Did you guess petto and bobu? Both of these words are English loanwords and names, so they would be written in katakana. Including katakana when writing Japanese is also a great way to make the words easier to distinguish from each other; writing in all hiragana could make it hard to tell words apart – since Japanese doesn’t normally use spaces!

Difference between Hiragana and Katakana

Why are there 2 syllabic Japanese scripts? In the event that the difference is stylistic, you will learn that hiragana is used to write native Japanese words. Those words will have no kanji representation, and the ideogram will be too ancient or too difficult to write. This kana script is also the one used to write grammatical elements such as particles: を (wo)、に (ni)、へ (he;e)、が (ga)、は (ha).

On the contrary, the Japanese use katakana to write words of foreign origin and foreign names. If you like to read manga in Japanese, you will certainly notice that katakana is also used to represent onomatopoeia and emphasis.

Have you heard of the word “furigana”? Furigana is hiragana and katakana characters written in small forms above kanji in order to show the pronunciation. Furigana is used in kids’ books and Japanese language textbooks for learners, in order to teach the reading of unknown kanji.

Japanese Writing System #3: Kanji                                                               

Kanji is usually the last system to be learned, even for native Japanese speakers! Kanji are Chinese characters and were Japan’s first writing system. They were first introduced to Japan over 1,500 years ago; hiragana and katakana actually evolved from these symbols!

Kanji are complex characters that represent words or ideas, and they form the backbone of the Japanese writing system. In fact, it is estimated that there are over 50,000 kanji characters, although only a fraction of those are commonly used.

Reading Kanji

Kanji is different from hiragana and katakana in that there are multiple ways to pronounce a single character. This is because there is a Chinese way to read a character (called the on-yomi) and a Japanese way (the kun-yomi). The on-yomi was the original way, but when kanji started to be used to write native Japanese words, new pronunciations were added1. So, if you see a character pronounced one way in one word but differently in another, this is why!

Writing Kanji

Radicals

All kanji are made up of one or more radicals. A radical is simply a small symbol that, either by itself or when combined with other symbols, makes up a complete kanji character. Take, for instance, the radical 一. By itself, this is the complete kanji for ichi (one). But, it can be added with the radical亅to form the kanji 丁! There are 214 total radicals used in 13 different positions when forming kanji, though some radicals and positions are used more frequently than others. If you think of all kanji as being made up of these smaller radicals, then they will be easier to learn!

There are roughly four main types of kanji, based on how and why the radicals are arranged1:

1. Pictograms

These kanji originally came from pictures, simply drawing the object itself to represent it in writing1. It’s like writing “😊” to represent “smiley face” – just like emojis today! Take a look at 山 (yama, mountain) for example; doesn’t the character 山 remind you of how a mountain looks, with a pointy peak at the top?

2. Simple Ideograms

These kanji originally used lines and dots to “represent numbers or abstract concepts.1” So, instead of drawing an object, you would try to visually represent the idea you wanted to convey. Take “up” and “down” for instance; drawing a dot above a line could represent “up” while a dot below a line would signify “down.” This is where 上 (ue, up) and 下 (shita, down) came from1!

3. Compound Ideograms

Basically, these are kanji formed by combining two or more simpler kanji1. The kanji used in 休む (yasumu, to rest), for example, is a combination of 人 (hito, person [often written as ⺅ when used as a radical]) and 木 (ki, tree)1. A lot of the time, the two simpler kanji are chosen because of their connection to the resulting character. For 休, a person leaning against a tree would be resting – which is why 人 and 木 were chosen to form this character!  

4. Phonetic-ideographic Characters

These kanji are usually found when a character’s original on-yomi sounded like a native Japanese word, but the kanji associated with the sound didn’t represent the word’s meaning. So, to remedy this, those in the past added an additional kanji to clarify the meaning. In other words, these kanji are formed by combining one kanji that has the word’s pronunciation and another kanji that represents the word’s meaning. One example of this is the character for sei (clean). Water is generally associated with cleaning, so the kanji for water 水 (mizu, often written as ⺡) is added to the kanji 青 (sei, blue) to get 清 sei (clean).

As you can see, kanji are definitely more complex than hiragana or katakana, but don’t worry – there are plenty of simple kanji too! Plus, knowing the radicals and kanji types will help to make learning and remembering kanji easier. Knowing the stroke order, or the steps in which each character is written, can help make memorization easier too; check out this site to look up any kanji and see its stroke order (and other helpful information)!

Uses

Kanji is used for nouns, verb stems, and adjectives. So, kanji are used for most major words that you will encounter in everyday Japanese! While hiragana and katakana are crucial, you also can’t rely on just those when reading and writing; you have to learn kanji as well!

Example

Let’s take one last look at Bob, this time reading the sentence as it would be written in everyday Japanese:

私のペットの名前はボブです。
Watashi no petto no namae wa bobu desu.

Well, using kanji certainly makes the Japanese sentence shorter! In this case, the pronoun watashi (I) and the noun namae (name) use kanji. If there was a different verb in this sentence (like “look” or “ate”), then there would most likely be kanji there as well. Finally, using these new symbols makes the sentence even easier to read, as they are visually quite different than hiragana or katakana!

While all of this might seem overwhelming at first, it’s nothing you can’t handle with a little practice! Simply writing the kanji out is a great way to see how the radicals work together and to memorize their combinations; but, if you’re looking for something a little bit more high-tech, there are also some kanji apps we recommend you can use to practice as well!

Conclusion

Well, we certainly covered a lot of ground today! Let’s review everything to make sure you remember what we learned.

Japanese has three types of writing systems: hiragana, katakana, and kanji. Hiragana is curvy, represents small syllables, and is used for grammatical information, particles, and native Japanese words! Katakana is straight, also represents small syllables, and is used for loanwords from other languages. Kanji are complex characters made up of radicals, represent a concept, a sound, or a mixture of the two, and are used for nouns, verb stems, and adjectives.

And those are the main points! Not so bad, right? You are now ready to start reading and writing Japanese like a pro! If you feel like you need more help though, feel free to reach out to us or join one of our many Japanese language classes here!

FAQ

What is the Japanese writing system?

The Japanese writing system uses Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji scripts.

What does Hiragana represents?

Hiragana represents native Japanese words, grammatical particles, and verb endings.

What does Katakana represents?

Katakana represents foreign words, loanwords, onomatopoeic words, and emphasis.

How many characters are there in hiragana and katakana?

There are 46 characters in each of the Hiragana and Katakana scripts.

What is the closet thing to English chracters?

There is no such thing as the Japanese alphabet, but the closest thing would be called hiragana and katakana.

How many kanji I should learn?

To be considered fluent in Japanese, you must learn from 1500 to 2500 kanji characters.

Want to study Japanese with us?

If you’re just starting to learn Japanese, you will probably be introduced to hiragana and the hiragana chart on your first day. This Japanese writing system is one of the fundamental building blocks of the language. But what exactly is hiragana, and why is it important?

In this blog post, you’ll find a free downloadable hiragana chart PDF, perfect for beginners, along with hiragana practice sheets to help you memorize each character. Plus, we’ve included links to some of the best apps for learning Japanese, so you can continue your practice on the go.

Want to start learning Japanese? Join Coto Academy’s Japanese course and start speaking with confidence! Start learning today. 

What is Hiragana?

Hiragana, spelled ひらがな, is one of the three Japanese writing systems, alongside katakana and kanji. 

There are 46 basic hiragana characters, and they are known for their soft, curved, and flowing strokes. These characters are used in everyday Japanese writing and are essential for reading and writing in the language.

Just started learning Japanese? Head to our main article about the Japanese writing system for a more comprehensive guide on katakana, hiragana and kanji. 

Hiragana Chart Japanese Practice
Hiragana Practice Chart

Download Free Hiragana Chart

If you prefer learning Japanese the traditional way, our free hiragana chart and practice sheets are perfect for you! Below, you’ll find our popular hiragana chart. 

Simply click the link to open it in a new tab, where you can easily print it out and start practicing anywhere, anytime! 

In this blog, we share our own PDF learning Hiragana practice sheets and links to some popular apps for learning Japanese. Just started learning Japanese? Head to our main article about the Japanese writing system for a more comprehensive guide!

Japanese hiragana chart practice sheet

Download Free Hiragana Practice Sheet

Ready to practice your hiragana? After you’ve memorized the characters, download our free hiragana practice sheet designed specifically for beginners. 

How to use the practice sheets:

  • Print the sheets or complete them digitally on your laptop.
  • In the first section, draw lines connecting the hiragana characters to their matching sounds.
  • In the second section, practice writing each hiragana character yourself to reinforce your memory and improve your handwriting.

We have also combined hiragana chart and practice sheet! You can download them on view mode, and print them for a physical copy.

How Do You Read Hiragana?

Unlike alphabets in English and many other languages, where a group of  letters represent individual sounds, each hiragana character represents an entire syllable, such as “ka,” “no,” or “mu.” This makes hiragana a syllabary rather than an alphabet.

At the core of hiragana are the five basic vowel sounds: /a/, /i/, /u/, /e/, and /o/. These simple, consistent vowels form the foundation for reading all other hiragana combinations.

HiraganaRomaji (Latin alphabet)Sound
alike “ah” in “car”
ilike “ee” in “see”
ulike “oo” in “boot”
elike “eh” in “get”
olike “oh” in “go”

These vowels might be little compared to the English language, which has 12 to 14, including diphthongs — sounds formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable.

Although Japanese vowels are more stable and clearly defined, there are some divergence for /a/, /e/ and /o/. For example, Japanese has what we call long vowels, or chouon, where the vowels are pronounced “twice as long as a normal vowel. 

You can read more about the long vowels in our article below! But for now, let’s stay focused on the basics — beginner-level hiragana to get you reading and writing in Japanese!

Read More: Guide to Long Vowels and Double Consonants in Japanese Language

How Hiragana is Used

Once you’ve got a handle on what hiragana is, the next question is: how is it actually used in Japanese? The answer is — everywhere! Hiragana plays a critical role in reading, writing, and understanding Japanese, working alongside kanji and katakana to form the complete written language.

Here’s a breakdown of how hiragana is commonly used:

1. Grammatical particles 

Most obviously, hiragana is used for small grammar words (called particles) that show the role of each word in a sentence. For example, some of the most basic Japanese particles are:

  • は (wa): Topic marker
  • を (o): Direct object marker
  • に (ni): Used to indicate time, direction, position and more.

Read More: 11 Essential Japanese Particles to Know

2. Okurigana

These are the hiragana characters that follow kanji to complete verb and adjective conjugations. Kanji often shows the base of the word, but hiragana shows the tense, politeness, or form.

For example, take the verb 食べる (taberu), which means “to eat.” In this word, is the kanji representing the meaning “eat,” while べる is written in hiragana and completes the verb form. The conjugation can be:

  • 食べます (tabemasu): To eat 
  • 食べません (tabemasen): To not eat

Check out our handy guide on how to conjugate Japanese verbs if you want to learn more!

3. Words Without Kanji

Not all Japanese words have a kanji representation. Some common or simple native words are written only in hiragana, especially in children’s books.

For example:

  • よく (yoku): Often
  • さようなら (sayounara): Goodbye

4. Furigana (Pronunciation Guides)

Because hiragana is the most basic and accessible form of Japanese writing, it’s often used to support readers when they read a Japanese text. This is called furigana: small hiragana characters written above or beside kanji to indicate pronunciation that acts as a phonetic guide to help readers understand how to pronounce unfamiliar or complex kanji. 

This is especially common in manga, textbooks, and literature aimed at younger readers or learners.

hiragana chart blocks scattered on table

Should I Learn Hiragana or Katakana First? 

Between learning hiragana and katakana, it is best to start with hiragana, as it forms the foundation of the Japanese writing system. Hiragana is used for native Japanese words, grammar particles, and verb endings, making it essential for reading and writing everyday Japanese. 

Most beginner courses and textbooks introduce hiragana first to help you build basic literacy skills. Katakana, on the other hand, is primarily used for foreign loanwords, onomatopoeia, and emphasis, so it’s typically learned after hiragana. By mastering hiragana chart first, you’ll set a strong base that makes learning katakana easier and faster.

If you are ready to learn katakana, head to our article below to download our free chart that you can print or store on your phone!

Read More: What is Katakana? Free Katakana Chart and Learning Guide

Tips for Learning Hiragana 

Some people can learn hiragana in a day, but for most, it takes consistent practice. Here are some effective tips to help you master hiragana:

  1. Understand all the different hiragana first

Start by getting familiar with all 46 basic hiragana characters. Focus on recognizing their shapes and associating them with the correct sounds before moving on to more complex study.

  1. Practice writing with your hand

While it’s easy to type in Japanese using a keyboard, writing by hand helps you build muscle memory and understand proper stroke order. Try taking five kana each day and write them out twenty times each. This repetitive practice is one of the most effective ways to retain what you learn.

  1. Use flashcards, like Anki

Flashcards are a great tool because they promote active recall—forcing your brain to remember rather than just recognize. Apps like Anki can be used to study Japanese. It uses spaced repetition, which shows you cards just before you’re likely to forget them. 

Apps for Learning Hiragana

If you are just getting started with learning hiragana, you may think that it is easier to learn with an Japanese learning app, besides just relying on the hiragana chart.

Apps are convenient and easy to take with you to practice using while you are out and about. However, we also suggest that you take some time to physically write the characters, as it will cement them in your brain.

That being said, we recommend several apps for being fun and easy to use.

Learn Hiragana & Katakana with Dr. Moku

Dr. Moku’s Hiragana and Katakana Mnemonics are 2 separate apps. One for Hiragana and one for Katakana. In each app, they associate all the kana with pictures, making it easy for you to remember them.

It also uses mnemonic hacks (tying each character to a visual story-based meaning) rather than just rote memorization.

Mindsnacks (Limited Free Version)

Mindsnacks has a visually appealing interface, and the limited free version allows you to practice learning Hiragana and Katakana characters.

It is the closest thing to a learning video game that we have found.

If you want to learn Japanese with apps, check out our recommendation for the best Japanese learning apps!

Ready to Start Your Japanese Learning Journey?

Just started learning Japanese? After mastering hiragana, the next steps include learning katakana, basic phrases, and sentence formation. But studying Japanese doesn’t have to feel overwhelming. 

Start your learning journey with Coto Academy for fun, conversation-focused classes, perfect for beginners. Join intensive, part-time or online Japanese courses at Coto Academy.  Reach your goals faster!

Want to study Japanese with us?

Hiragana FAQ

What is hiragana used for?

Hiragana is a fundamental script in Japanese, used for writing sentences, grammatical particles (like は, が, を), and parts of words. It is also used for words that don’t have kanji or for furigana (small hiragana above kanji to show pronunciation).

How many hiragana characters are there?

There are 46 basic hiragana characters. Some characters can change their sounds when small marks (゛or ゜) are added, like か (ka) to が (ga) or は (ha) to ぱ (pa).

What’s the easiest way to learn hiragana?

The best ways to learn Hiragana are:

  • Learn mnemonics (e.g., し (shi) looks like a smiling face)
  • Practice writing daily
  • Use flashcards to memorize characters
  • Listen to hiragana songs or use learning apps

What’s the difference between hiragana and katakana?

Hiragana and katakana both represent the same sounds but are used differently. Hiragana is for native Japanese words and grammar, while katakana is used for foreign words, names, and emphasis. They look different but sound the same!

Can I write everything in Hiragana?

Yes, but it’s not ideal. Japanese writing combines hiragana, katakana, and kanji, so writing everything in Hiragana can be hard to read and understand.

What’s the difference between hiragana and romaji?

Romaji is the Romanized version of Japanese (using the English alphabet). Hiragana is the actual Japanese script used in writing.

How long does it take to learn Hiragana?

For most learners, it takes about 1 to 2 weeks to learn all 46 basic hiragana characters with daily practice. Some people can memorize them in a day, but becoming comfortable with reading and writing usually takes a bit longer.

Alphabet is the foundation of English language, and the same thing can be said about hiragana in the Japanese language. Mastering hiragana is important for anyone who want to learn the basics of Japanese. As one of the two Japanese alphabets — right next to katakana — hiragana is used for both Japanese grammars and function words.

Because of this, having a strong foundation of hiragana means having a generally strong foundation of Japanese skills, too. Yet despite its importance, it shouldn’t take a long time for you to master hiragana. In fact, with the right teacher and support, it should only take no longer than a week for you to master hiragana, including reading and writing them. Hiragana’s shapes are relatively simple, especially if you compare them to kanji. Dwell no further. In this blog series, we’ll be breaking down all the Japanese phonetics (AIUEO or あいうえお) for beginners.

Want to take your kanji skills up a notch? Check our comprehensive kanji page for study tips, kanji life hacks and free worksheets!

Today’s Japanese Hiragana: Wa (わ)

Wa (わ) consists of the consonant “w” and the Japanese vowel “a”. Pronouncing the wa sound is pretty easy, too — you purse your lips and open your mouth when you make the sound. As the last kana or Japanese alphabet on every hiragana chart, wa (わ) is often associated with a word on a brighter note: warai (わらい), meaning laughter.

There’s a Japanese proverb that goes warau kado ni wa fuku kitaru (笑う門には福来る), and who can say no to that? The phrase means “good fortune and happiness will come to those who smile.”

And who shouldn’t live by the statement? In Japan, owarai (お笑い) is a broad term used to describe Japanese comedy. They can be seen on televisions and, just recently, YouTube, but owarai is a deep-seeded representation of Japanese culture. You’ll find that a lot of Japanese comedy can be traced from thousands of years ago, passed from one generation. There are three styles of owarai that perfectly captures the essence of Japan.

Learning hiragana? Don’t forget to check out our free hiragana chart and practice sheet that you can download and print!

Manzai

Manzai was once a traditional art of storytelling with roots that stemmed from the Heian period. Believed to have its beginnings from the song and dance performances, manzai perfomers would tour around courts, shrines and temples in celebration of the newyear. Manzai was reintroduced in Osaka by Yoshimoto Kogyo, and has since structured modern Japanese comedies.

Today, manzai is generally performed by two comedians, who play the roles of boke (ボケ) and tsukkomi (ツッコミ). Another characteristic is that the pair tend to match their outfits with each other. Boke, otherwise known as the funny man, delivers funny (and otherwise stupid) lines. They’re forgetful and airheaded, and it’s precisely their silly mistakes that stresses their partner, tsukkomi. Tsukkomi will usually hit the boke’s head or chest in retaliation.

Conte

Originating from the French word, “conte,” refers to funny skits. In Japanese, the word is written as konto (コント). It’s a type of manzai performance that focuses on storytelling, so it’s not uncommon to find a conte incorporating props and elaborate stage settings. In recent years, you can find a lot of rapid-fire short conte, which only goes less than 30 seconds.

Rakugo

Rakugo is a type of traditional Japanese storytelling that has been handed down since the early modern era. Performers sit on a zabuton cushino, centered on a stage, and let their bodies narrate the story. Interestingly enough, rops, costumes and music are abandoned in favors of fans and tenugui (thin cotton towels). A rakugo performer will adopt various gaze, postures and demeanors to play multiple roles. It is through the performer’s skill and sublime imagination that we can see a world unfurled and understand a deeper meaning in the art of Rakugo.

Pop Quiz

Here’s a question: In 2015, a certain manzai duo debuted and shocked the world. Who was the partner of a male named Kaneko from Tokyo?

The answer might be mind-boggling to some. Believe it or not, a robot named Pepper debuted as part of a duo called “Peppers”. They were able to successfully get past the first round of “M-1,” the most famous manzai contest in Japan. Kaneko went as far as to create a background for Pepper: a part-time worker born in Tokyo in December 1990.

Learning Japanese? Let’s Make It Easy

Studying Japanese doesn’t have to be overwhelming. Whether you’re starting out or looking to boost your career in Japan, with the right guidance and structured practice, becoming confident in Japanese is easier than you think.

Looking to boost your Japanese skill? Join intensive, part-time or online Japanese courses at Coto Academy. Start your journey today with lessons to help you reach your goals faster!

Want to study Japanese with us?

(more…)

Alphabet is the foundation of the English language, and the same thing can be said about hiragana in the Japanese language. Mastering hiragana is important for anyone who wants to learn the basics of Japanese. As one of the two Japanese alphabets — right next to katakana — hiragana is used for both Japanese grammars and function words. Today, we’ll be learning about the Japanese hiragana ro and rotenburo.

Because of this, having a strong foundation of hiragana means having a generally strong foundation of Japanese skills, too. Yet despite its importance, it shouldn’t take a long time for you to master hiragana. In fact, with the right teacher and support, it should only take no longer than a week for you to master hiragana, including reading and writing them. Hiragana’s shapes are relatively simple, especially if you compare them to kanji. Dwell no further. In this blog series, we’ll be breaking down all the Japanese phonetics (AIUEO or あいうえお) for beginners.

Want to get started on hiragana chart? Download and print our free hiragana chart and practice sheet PDF!

Today’s Japanese Hiragana: Ro (ろ)

The hiragana characters for the ‘R’ family have one of the most simple strokes — most of them are less than one stroke and, at the very most, two. There’s the ra, ri, ru, re, ro (ら、り、る、れ、ろ). The character for ro is is similar to ru (). The only difference is that there is no tail that curls inward. Remember to follow the stroke order and practice writing them as it is a great way to help you master hiragana in a short time. Be careful not to get ro and ru mixed up.

Learn a Japanese word from Ro (ろ): Rotenburo (ろてんぶろ)

What is a Rotenburo?

A rotenburo is an open-air hot-spring bath. “Ro” (露) means is exposed without walls or fences. “Ten” (天) means the sky, while “furo” (風呂) is, well, a bath in Japanese. Rotenburo is the second most common Japanese bath, right next to onsen.

Have you ever bathed in a rotenburo?

These days, rontenburo can be found on the rooftops of business hotels and in super sento bath houses even in Tokyo. The scenery can be breathtaking. Soaking your body into warm, mineral-rich hot water while getting the full view of gleaming city skyline is an experience a lot of people dream of. But while city rotenburo are just fine, without a doubt, rotenburo that offer natural views of the mountains or ocean is on another level.

Rotenburo, image, photo, picture, illustration

Author’s experience

There are a lot of impressive rotenburo. One of the greatest that I’ve visited so far was at an inn in Tobira Onsen spa in Nagano Prefectre. The surrounding was so white it was like stepping into a magical world. I felt like I was in some hazy dream.

Another one I’d like to mention was a rotenburo at an old inn in Ojiro Onsen spa town in Shizuoka Prefecture. The rotenburo was really close to the ocean — or more precisely, it sat on top of the ocean. The hot water would overflow from the bath to the sea water. It was as if I was bathing in the vast open sea instead of a small hot tub.  

Rotenburo, image, photo, picture, illustration

Japan’s Onsen Culture and History

By the way, wouldn’t you agree that the Japanese are unmatched their love of hot baths or onsen? Japan has about 100 active volcanoes, and this is why the country has lots of hot springs. Apparently, there are about 3,000 hot springs scattered throughout all 47 prefectures. There are also theories that say that Japan’s bathing culture started as much as 6,000 years ago, with rotenburo being one of the main predecessors. We can wonder if the Japanese who lived thousands of years ago had the same kinds of feelings about bathing in rotenburo as we do now.

Japan’s bathing culture continued on for centuries since then. During the Edo period (1603–1868), the city of Edo (or present-day Tokyo) had lots of public bathhouses (these were not rotenburo, but baths inside buildings). Not many of the houses in Edo had a bath, so lots of people would go to the bathhouse. Japanese bathouses turn into something. Not just a place for, well, taking baths, it becomes a spot for townspeople to get together and foster a sense of community. 

These days, small bathhouses are disappearing from towns and cities. On the other hand, facilities such as super sento are visited by lots of people, from children to old folks. They enjoy a variety of bathing styles.

About this week’s blog author:

Shigemi Matsumoto was a junior high school Japanese teacher for 23 years before joining Coto Language Academy. He is an experienced Japanese language teacher. He currently teaches Coto’s Intensive Courses (intermediate and advanced), Business Courses and Part-time N1 grammar and reading classes. He is also involved in developing teaching materials at Coto Academy. (more…)

Alphabet is the foundation of the English language, and the same thing can be said about hiragana in the Japanese language. Mastering hiragana is important for anyone who wants to learn the basics of Japanese. As one of the two Japanese alphabets — right next to katakana — hiragana is used for both Japanese grammars and function words. Today, we’ll be learning about the Japanese hiragana ru and routine (stylized as ru-tin in katakana).

Having a strong foundation of hiragana means having a generally strong foundation of Japanese skills, too. Yet despite its importance, it shouldn’t take a long time for you to master hiragana. In fact, with the right teacher and support, it should only take no longer than a week for you to master hiragana, including reading and writing them. Hiragana’s shapes are relatively simple, especially if you compare them to kanji. Dwell no further. In this blog series, we’ll be breaking down all the Japanese phonetics (AIUEO or あいうえお) for beginners.

Want to get started on hiragana chart? Download and print our free hiragana chart and practice sheet PDF!

Today’s Japanese Hiragana: Ru (る)

The hiragana characters for the ‘R’ family have one of the most simple strokes — most of them are less than one stroke and, at the very most, two. There’s the rarirurero (ら、り、る、れ、ろ). The character for ru is similar to ro(ろ). The only difference is that there is no tail that curls inward. Remember to follow the stroke order and practice writing them as it is a great way to help you master hiragana in a short time. Be careful not to get ro and ru mixed up.

Want to take your kanji skills up a notch? Check our comprehensive kanji page for study tips, kanji life hacks and free worksheets!

Learn a Japanese word from Ru (る) Routine (ルーティン)

The Japanese word for ルーティン is a loan word from the English word routine, and it has the same meaning. While it might not be a Japanese hiragana, the word routine is still interesting and evokes several opinions. Some food for thought: Do you have a fixed daily routine?

Japanese definition of routine

Routines are used to refer to “a fixed task every time.” People might have the impression that having a routine means having a boring life.

However, ever since a few years ago, it has been used more often to refer to a series of motions that an athlete goes through before an important match. At crucial moments, they go through some fixed motions to stabilize their mental state, strengthen their muscles and heighten their focus.

Routine of a Japanese language teacher

In my opinion, routines produce results. I eat natto and eggs for breakfast, drink coffee when I reach my workplace and stretch before sleeping. It helps me stay grounded in life, and once I get used to it, I don’t think of doing them consciously. It becomes a rhythm that I look forward to at the beginning and end of the day.

Examples of Japananese routine

As for Japanese people, you can look at our star example Ichiro Suzuki — the baseball athlete, national treasure, and first MLB player to enter the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame. Ichiro works out at least four times a day and uses eight high-tech sports machines. By consciously doing the same motions that you usually do, you will be able to show off your true abilities without succumbing to the pressure in situations that make you nervous.

There are likely many athletes who stick to a fixed routine not just in crucial moments, but for their daily schedules as well. From the meals they eat and the clothes they wear, small, mundane practices help nurture their mental health.

You don’t need to be an athlete to develop your own life routine. You can start by thinking about the best Japanese study routine. Maybe brew a cup of coffee before settling in on your desk? Maybe draw a fixed schedule?

I know a few people who have succeeded in making studying a habit. One person comes to our Coto class and revises one hour before class. Another person uses an app to learn new words for 15 minutes every morning. One person listens to Japanese podcasts on the train on the way to work. After three months, these routines will become a small form of self-confidence.

About this week’s blog author:

Yumi Yoshida is one of our great Coto Japanese language teachers who’s from Tohoku. She has 16 years of experience working as a Japanese teacher. In her free time, Yumi loves to hike, travel and drink Japanese sake. She thinks the best way to learn Japanese is to engage in fun and friendly conversations in Japanese.

(more…)

Alphabet is the foundation of the English language, and the same thing can be said about hiragana in the Japanese language. Mastering hiragana is important for anyone who wants to learn the basics of Japanese. As one of the two Japanese alphabets — right next to katakana — hiragana is used for both Japanese grammars and function words. Today, we’ll be learning about the Japanese hiragana ra and ramen.

Having a strong foundation of hiragana means having a generally strong foundation of Japanese skills, too. Yet despite its importance, it shouldn’t take a long time for you to master hiragana. In fact, with the right teacher and support, it should only take no longer than a week for you to master hiragana, including reading and writing them. Hiragana’s shapes are relatively simple, especially if you compare them to kanji. Dwell no further. In this blog series, we’ll be breaking down all the Japanese phonetics (AIUEO or あいうえお) for beginners.

Want to get a fuller view of the hiragana chart for your Japanese study? Check out our article on learning hiragana!

japanese-hiragana-ra-ri-ru-re-ro-

Today’s Japanese Hiragana: Ra (ら)

The hiragana characters for the ‘R’ family have one of the most simple strokes — most of them are less than one stroke and, at the very most, two. There are the ra, ri, ru, re, ro (ら、り、る、れ、ろ). The character for ra contains two strokes. Remember to follow the stroke order and practice writing them as it is a great way to help you master hiragana in a short time.

Learn a Japanese word from Ra (ら): Ramen (ラーメン)

When you learn the Japanese hiragana alphabet ra (ら), you may think of the ramen (ラーメン). The world loves ramen, but no one can match the same obsession that Japanese people have. In fact, it’s so popular, that there are over 30,000 ramen shops in Japan. Depending on the area and shop (and local specialties), the taste of the soup and the type of noodles also vary. Everyone has their own favorite, but each one of these bowls is just as delicious. This time, I am going to tell you about the phrases that you need to know when ordering ramen at a shop.

A ramen enthusiast? Check out our article for the best ramen shops in Tokyo (or click here you’re channeling your inner Gordon Ramsey)!

Common Japanese phrases when ordering at a ramen shop

A lot of popular ramen chains in Tokyo provide English menus, but small ramen shops are the true hidden gems — and, most of the time, they will only hand out Japanese menus. Learn these useful Japanese words and phrases so you don’t get lost when ordering a bowl of ramen.

Japanes Vocaulary for Noodles

Let’s start with noodles! Depending on the shop, you might be able to choose how firm you want your noodles.

  • Soft – やわらかめ(yawarakame)
  • Medium – 普通(futsuu)
  • Slightly Firm – やや硬め(yaya-katame)
  • Firm – 硬め(katame)
  • Hard – バリ硬(bari-kata)
  • Wire – 針金(harigane)
As you go down the list, the noodles get firmer. When you challenge noodles with “Wire 針金(harigane)” hardness, it would be best to do it when your stomach is feeling well. 
 
Want to take your kanji skills up a notch? Check our comprehensive kanji page for study tips, kanji life hacks and free worksheets!

Japanese Vocabulary for Ramen Soup Preference

Next up is the soup base. People’s preferences are pretty divided in this aspect.
  • Light – あっさり(assari): Soup is refreshing and not greasy.
  • Rich – こってり(kotteri): Soup is oily with a strong flavor and stock from pork bones.
  • Very Rich and Thick – 超こってり(cho-kotteri): Soup has a very strong flavor with lots of oil.

Japanese Vocabulary for Ramen Toppings

Now we will move on to toppings! What toppings do you like?
  • Cha-siu – チャーシュー(cha-shu): The king of ramen toppings! It is marinated pork that is cooked and thinly sliced.
  • Aji-tsuke Tamago – 味付け卵(ajitsuke-tamago), or Aji Tama味玉(ajitama): A boiled egg that is marinated in soy sauce.
  • Menma – メンマ(menma): Bamboo shoot that is boiled and fermented.
  • Green onions – ねぎ(negi): A herbal flavor that ramen must have! In Kanto(Eastern Japan), white long onions are popular, while green onions are popular in Kansai(Western Japan).

There’s a lot of ways you can customize your ramen — although we can’t guarantee the salaryman beside your booth won’t raise an eyebrow. It’s easy to fall into the temptation of ordering all the toppings. 

Additional Information

On top of all the information above, here’s two additional things which, if you know, would make you an expert!

  1. Kae-dama – 替え玉(kae-dama): Asking for seconds on only the noodles, without soup.
  2. Soup Wari – スープ割り(soup-wari): After finishing the tsukemen noodles, diluting the tsuke sauce with stock soup so that you can drink it.

japanese hiragana quiz fun facts

Quiz!

At a particular ramen shop in the city, there is a menu called “Designated R-20” (individuals who are under 20 years old cannot order from it). So, what’s the secret indgredient in that ramen? ?

The answer is tequila! The menu has a notice, stating “Entirely Alcohol”. I heard that it even comes with lime, which is a must-have with tequila. It seems to be quite a special custom. If you want to experience getting drunk while eating ramen, definitely go try it!

About this week’s blog author:

Ayana Nezu has a long history in education and training. In 2017, she joined Coto Language Academy – her first time in a Japanese Language School. She currently is based at our Azabu Coto Japanese Club location and is recently obsessed with Rakugo. (more…)

 

Origin of the Japanese Alphabets

Originally, the Japanese language did not have a phoenetic writing system. Around the fifth century, they starting using kanji, ideograms that were adopted from China and Korea. They only used the phonetic reading of the kanji, regardless of their meaning. At that time, the ideograms were called manyogana (万葉仮名).

However, kanji’s characters are composed of many strokes. They take longer to write, as we are sure you have noticed by now! Due to their difficulty, those ideograms were slowly simplified into kana alphabets, namely Hiragana and Katakana. They are called syllabograms, as each character corresponds to one sound in the Japanese language. According to historians, the change was initiated by Buddhist priests who thought kanji was unable to accurately represent the Japanese language, and that a phonetic alphabet would be better.

Learning hiragana? Check out our free hiragana chart and practice sheet that you can download and print!

Examples of Change

On the left is the manyogana, and on the right are simplified hiragana and katakana forms.

  • 安 →あ 阿 → ア (a)
  • 以 →い 伊 → イ(i)
  • 宇 →う、ウ(u)
  • 衣 →え 江 → エ(e)
  • 於 →お、オ(o)

This change is thought to have taken place between the eighth and ninth century.  Hiragana can be considered a simplified calligraphy form of the kanji’s strokes. On the other hand, katakana is taken from a single element of a kanji. In some cases, they are created from different ideograms.

Some characters in the Japanese alphabet express the same sound and have similar shapes, such as り and リ. However, some can be dissimilar, such as あ and ア.  Hiragana is said to be cursive while katakana is more angular. Do take note that one sound can have more than one hiragana. In 1900 the two kana scripts, hiragana, and katakana were codified. This led to the clear establishment of rules for the Japanese system in 1946.

Difference between Hiragana and Katakana

Why are there 2 syllabic Japanese scripts? In the event that the difference is stylistic, you will learn that hiragana is used to write native Japanese words. Those words will have no kanji representation or the ideogram is too ancient or too difficult to write. This kana script is also the one used to write grammatical elements such as particles: を (wo)、に (ni)、へ (he;e)、が (ga)、は (ha)…

On the contrary, Japanese use katakana to write words of foreign origin and foreign names. If you like to read manga in Japanese, you will have certainly noticed that katakana is also used to represent onomatopoeia and emphasis.

Have you heard of the word “furigana”? Furigana is Hiragana and Katakana characters written in small forms above kanji in order to show pronunciation. Furigana is used in kids’ books and Japanese language textbooks for learners, in order to teach the reading of unknown kanji.

Want to Learn Japanese? Let’s Make It Easy

Studying Japanese doesn’t have to be overwhelming. Whether you’re starting out or looking to boost your career in Japan, with the right guidance and structured practice, becoming confident in Japanese is easier than you think.

Looking to boost your Japanese skill? Join intensive, part-time or online Japanese courses at Coto Academy. Start your journey today with lessons to help you reach your goals faster!

Want to study Japanese with us?

If you’re one of the lucky few in Japan whose job doesn’t require Japanese, you might manage just fine day-to-day. But eventually, you’ll realize how important the language really is. At first glance, learning Japanese looks hard. It takes time, energy, and consistent effort. And when you’re already juggling the demands of a full-time job, finding that kind of time can feel nearly impossible. 

But don’t get discouraged! While you may feel a little lost on where to start, let this be the guide to get you started and achieve your goals of learning Japanese while managing a 9-to-5 job.

And who knows, maybe afterwards you can start preparing for the JLPT

Want to fast-track your career in Japan? Coto Academy’s 3-month Business Japanese Course is designed to help you master keigo (business Japanese) and improve professional communication skills. Gain the confidence to speak with colleagues and clients, navigate meetings like a native, and open up new career opportunities!

Main Challenges of Studying Japanese for Working Professionals 

Being a full-time employee can be hard enough without having to learn a language on top of that. For Japanese, known to be one of the hardest languages to learn, more time may be needed to give towards it, as well as energy. It may be hard to find time if there are other hobbies or family matters to attend to nightly. 

Another potential issue that could arise is the cost of learning Japanese. Most classes are priced per week and are overall not the cheapest to come by. This can make it harder for potential Japanese language learners, especially when the options are bountiful and times for classes may vary. Don’t let this discourage you before you even start, as there are many options out there for whatever your needs may be!

Can I study Japanese while working?

Yes, you can for sure study Japanese while working a full-time job in Japan, but you will need to be more flexible with your options. Studying as a working professional is different from being a full-time learner on a student visa, as your day isn’t entirely dedicated to learning the language.  While it may not be able to be the priority of your day, as long as you stay organized and have a plan, you can most definitely find time to work on your language learning! 

A majority of companies in Japan will want you to know some basic Japanese, even if you are working in a primarily English-speaking role, such as English teaching or recruitment. Sometimes, you need business-level Japanese prior to joining or as you work there. 

Check out: 11 Jobs Besides English Teaching in Japan with Low Japanese Requirements

How to Study Japanese While Working Full-time

1. Enroll in Part-Time Japanese Classes 

coto academy part-time course

You don’t need to be enrolled full-time to still get a good education. There are schools all over Japan made to help foreigners get adjusted to their life in Japan, focusing on more flexible, part-time courses on weekends or evenings. They are designed specifically for working professionals and expats, prioritizing practical Japanese language skills rather than theoretical elements such as kanji or the JLPT. 

For example, Coto Academy’s part-time courses are available for part-time on weekdays in the evening and Saturdays, which vary between 50 to 100 minutes. They offer classes on weeknights to minimize disruptions to your work schedule and are ideal for learning business Japanese or any level you may need. You’ll be able to learn from teachers in classrooms of up to 8 other students who are at the same level as you! 

If you’re curious for more information about Coto’s part-time courses, you can read here Coto Academy’s Part-time Classes in Tokyo and Yokohama

2. Get a Private Japanese Tutor   

If you’re looking for more one-on-one help or have an inconsistent schedule, a private tutor may be the path for you! The best part about being in Japan and trying to learn Japanese is that there are native speakers who are tutors all around you! You can find a tutor through online listings, schools like Coto Academy, or social media platforms like Facebook. Be sure to check more than 1 source, though, as prices can vary from teacher to teacher. 

Interested in getting a private tutor? Check out Coto’s page about Private Japanese Lessons to see if this may be the right fit for you!

3. Practice with Native Speakers 

Extroverts unite! Let’s put your knowledge to the test because practice truly makes progress!
While stepping into this stage might feel intimidating, especially if it’s your first time, think of it as a valuable opportunity to learn and improve. Perfection isn’t the goal. Consistent effort is what truly matters.

There are many effective ways to practice speaking with native Japanese speakers. For example, enrolling in in-person classes, such as those offered by Coto Academy, allows you to work one-on-one with experienced instructors who can guide you step-by-step through real conversations.

Additionally, many online volunteer groups offer language exchange sessions where you can practice Japanese with native speakers while helping them with your own language in return. These sessions are often held regularly and are easy to join, creating a friendly, low-pressure environment for mutual learning.

And finally, don’t be afraid to engage in real-life experiences. Everyday interactions, especially in customer service settings, can provide meaningful opportunities to practice. If a staff member isn’t too busy, approach them with a warm smile and ask if they’d be open to a quick conversation. It’s a great way to apply what you’ve learned in a natural setting!

Read More: Where to Find Language Exchange Events in Japan

4. Join Language Study Groups

This may seem like the hard part, but it doesn’t have to be! With apps like Facebook having groups with similar interests (like foreigners learning Japanese in Japan), you can join, or websites like Meetup available, there are more opportunities to meet and study than you may realize! Just knowing where to look and what you are looking for is a must. 

Read More: Where to Make Friends in Japan

5. Watch and Read Japanese Anime or Manga

Now with this one, there are many angles you can start from. Regardless of where you start, watch or listen to some type of Japanese media with Japanese subtitles. This can include beginner-friendly anime, manga, or even your favorite Japanese Netflix shows. 

 Alongside your normal learning, you’ll slowly start to be able to pick up on keywords, then phrases, and beyond! It will improve your listening, contextual awareness of language usage, and Kanji recognition. 

One of the most effective—and surprisingly fun—ways to start learning Japanese is by immersing yourself in children’s television shows. These programs are designed for young native speakers who are just beginning to understand the language themselves, making them perfect for beginners. Because they’re geared toward early learners, most shows use simple vocabulary and primarily feature hiragana, the first writing system you’ll want to master.

As you follow along, you’ll not only hear proper pronunciation but also start to see how hiragana is used in context. To reinforce your learning, consider visiting a public library and flipping through Japanese children’s books. They can be a great way to quiz yourself and build confidence in reading.

Don’t worry if it feels a bit silly—it’s actually a smart and proven way to build a strong foundation!

Once you’re more comfortable, try leveling up by reading manga. The combination of text and illustrations makes it easier to infer meaning, even when you come across unfamiliar words. From there, expand into Japanese dramas, variety shows, and news broadcasts to challenge yourself and continue improving.

If you’re curious to learn more about how children’s television can help you learn, or you’re just a fan of Peppa Pig, read How Peppa Pig Can Help You Learn Japanese

6. Take Business Japanese Courses

If you’re looking for something more specific that might help with your career, like wanting to learn more for business-related Japanese, then these classes may be the right fit for you!  Coto Academy has a 3-month business Japanese course happening at our Iidabashi school that has classes every Saturday, which is perfect for people who have to work full time. 

If this is something you may be interested in, check out Coto Academy’s Business Japanese Course.  

7. Self-study with a Japanese Learning App

Out of all the options, downloading a Japanese learning app might be the most convenient way to squeeze in study time during a busy schedule. You can open the app during your morning commute on the train, lunch break, or any spare moment throughout the day. 

Apps like Anki (for flashcards), Duolingo (for gamified learning), Bunpo (for grammar), and WaniKani (for kanji) are great for quick, focused practice sessions. While they can’t fully replace structured classes, they’re a powerful supplement to help you review, memorize, and stay engaged with the language on a daily basis.

Read our review on:

8. Consider Taking Online Courses

You might be working in Tokyo, but time is still the one thing you don’t have enough of. Commuting to in-person classes can eat up precious hours, yet you want to study Japanese consistently,  not just through self-study. What’s the best option?

For a more structured approach without the commute, online lessons are an excellent choice. Many language schools — including Coto Academy — offer live, interactive online classes, allowing you to learn from the comfort of your home or office. This way, you get the benefits of a guided class with a real instructor. Online classes can also be a more affordable option!

Check out Coto Academy Online and create a free account! 

Tips to Learn Japanese While Working in Japan

1. Set S.M.A.R.T. Goals 

Setting clear and specific goals before you begin learning will help you feel less stressed. Through goal setting, both for your job and for learning, you’ll be better able to plan ahead of time for work. Students are often told to set S.M.A.R.T. goals: specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound goals. Making this clear from the beginning can help you to see what is most important in your journey to learning and perhaps what steps might be redundant or useless.   

2. Create Structured Study Plans

No two people study the same. Knowing how you best learn may take some time to understand, but will help you for miles down the road. There are many resources on the internet to help you prepare for learning, including worksheets or online tutorials, but don’t just do it to do it. Do it because you know it will help! Here are just some questions to go through when finding your optimal study plan:

  • Do you work better alone, with another person, or in a group?
  •  What setting helps you get into the mood for studying? Does staying home to study potentially set you up to get distracted with other tasks? 
  • Do you memorize better by writing notes or typing them? 
  • How much time do you want to put into it? How will you structure breaks? 
  • What other material (like flash cards of hiragana) may help you? 
  • When are your least busiest days? 
  • Do you need silence to study? Or do you like background music?
  • Would it be easier to learn from textbooks, online videos, or a teacher?  

3. Dive Into the Culture  

Above all, keep your head up and look around. See what cuisine is around you, the words, how people are talking, and listen! Don’t stay stuck on Google Maps looking for recommendations for dinner, just walk around till you see something you may like. The more you go out to observe/listen, the more exposure you’re receiving. Maybe even try making some native speaker friends through sports games/clubs. Live in the moment and live within society! Listen to what others may be ordering, follow where the crowd is headed for lunch: we promise you won’t regret it! 

4. Utilize Free Learning Resources 

The internet is a beautiful place, so long as you know what you are looking for. You can find worksheets to print, online games to play that teach you Japanese, and other online resources to help deepen your understanding of Japanese. Mobile apps like Duolingo are also there to help you when you’re on the go, and for the most part, are free!  

If you need some help getting started looking for resources, check out The Ultimate Guide to Learning Japanese Online: Apps, courses, and Resources.   

Conclusion: Stay Persistent! 

Learning a new language takes time, and not one person will learn the same way as another person. Remember to not give up on yourself, keep your head up, rehearse with others, and cut time out of your day to work on it.

If you want to join part-time Japanese lessons, consider Coto Academy!  Coto Academy offers flexible short-term or long-term Japanese courses tailored for working professionals. Come meet some of the other students and get ready to speak Japanese together! 

Want to study Japanese with us?

FAQ

How much Japanese should I learn before coming to Japan?

When it comes to learning Japanese, at the very least, formal greetings, saying “thank you”, “excuse me”, and asking where the bathroom is are seen as most important. The more you know, the better!

What kind of jobs can foreigners get in Japan?

When it comes to finding a job in Japan, your Japanese proficiency will dictate what industries you can or cannot enter. One of the most common jobs for foreigners is English teachers, or Assistant Language Teachers (ALTs for short), which often just require a specific certification prior to applying. With Japan’s boom in technology and AI, IT, tech, and engineering jobs are more in demand than ever.

How much Japanese should I know to get a job in Japan?

Most jobs are going to ask that their employees be at level N2 or N1, although there are some jobs that do not require a high level of Japanese skill.

Is English common in Japan?

In Tokyo, English is fairly common. Especially when it comes to traveling on the subway or when ordering food electronically. But the further you go out from the city, the less English you will see.

What is the JLPT?

The Japanese Language Proficiency Test measures the test taker’s proficiency in Japanese vocabulary and grammar.

Can I learn Japanese while working full-time?

Yes, you can learn Japanese while working full-time. Use your commute and breaks to study with apps, take evening or weekend classes, and practice daily conversation. Consistent small efforts each day make a big difference.

How do I learn Japanese while working full-time?

You can study at part-time Japanese classes like Coto Academy, take online lessons, or self-study. Use your commute and breaks to study with apps like Anki or Duolingo, take evening or weekend classes, and practice speaking in daily life. Study a little every day. Consistency is key.

Want to work in Japan? Check out our work-related series:

Knowing how to write a proper Japanese business email is an important skill when working for a Japanese company. In Japanese business culture, email serves as a medium that reflects professionalism and respect for hierarchy. It mirrors the careful etiquette and structure you’d find in face-to-face meetings.

Historically, building business relationships in Japan has relied heavily on face-to-face interactions, often involving formal client visits. However, in recent years, digital communication has become the norm. Even if you are working for an international company, it is always good to write a well-crafted business email allows you to establish and maintain professional relationships with Japanese clients. reading our guide on how to write a formal business email!

Want to fast-track your career in Japan? Coto Academy’s 3-month Business Japanese Course is designed to help you master keigo (business Japanese) and improve professional communication skills. Gain the confidence to speak with colleagues and clients, navigate meetings like a native, and open up new career opportunities!

Japanese vs English Business Email

Surprisingly, Japanese business emails are quite different from English emails, and often more complex, even if both are technically used in a professional setting. Even many Japanese people find it challenging to draft a proper email!

Japanese emails tend to be highly formal, emphasizing politeness. They often begin with seasonal greetings or expressions of gratitude such as “いつもお世話になっております (itsu mo osewa ni natte orimasu),” and may include a self-introduction even after initial contact.

The main message is usually indirect and carefully worded to maintain harmony, and the closing remarks are elaborate, often including apologies or humble requests like “何卒よろしくお願い申し上げます.” In contrast, English business emails are more direct and concise, typically beginning with a simple greeting like “I hope you’re well” and getting to the point quickly. There is less emphasis on hierarchy and formality, and requests are often straightforward (e.g., “Please confirm”).

These differences reflect broader cultural values: Japanese communication prioritizes relationship-building and group harmony, while English communication values clarity, efficiency, and individual accountability.

Let’s take a look at how to make a request politely in a Japanese business email.

Japanese PhraseEnglish EquivalentNotes
ご確認いただけますでしょうか?
Gokakunin itadakemasu deshouka?
Could you please confirm?Very polite and common in business emails.
ご確認のほどよろしくお願いいたします。
Gokakunin no hodo yoroshiku onegai itashimasu.
I would appreciate your confirmation.Polite and humble, often used to close a request.

A Good Japanese Email Structure

Japanese email structure follows the same structure as an English email; the main difference lies in how you word it.

A Japanese email consists of 7 parts.

SectionJapanese (Kanji)Hiragana ReadingRomajiMeaning / Purpose
Receiver宛名あてなAtenaThe recipient’s name and title
Greetings挨拶あいさつAisatsuOpening greeting and polite expressions
Addressing Yourself名乗りなのりNanoriIntroducing yourself (name, company, etc.)
Main Body Context要旨ようしYoushiSummary or purpose of the email
Details詳細しょうさいShousaiDetailed explanation or supporting info
Closing Remarks結びの言葉むすびのことばMusubinokotobaPolite closing remarks and expressions
Name & Signature署名しょめいShomeiYour name, title, and contact information

How to Write Business Emails in Japanese

Japanese business emails have a ceremonial element to them, and because of that, there is more of a templated formal structure than the freeform letters we are used to in a Western context.

1. Subject Line

Like in Western practice, the subject line in a Japanese business email should clearly communicate the purpose of the message. It needs to be specific and informative enough that the recipient can understand the general context without even opening the email.

Example:
【○○株式会社】6月20日打ち合わせのご確認
【○○Kabushikigaisha】Rokugatsu hatsuka uchiawase no gokakunin
[XYZ Corporation] Confirmation of Meeting on June 20

2. Opening

The first thing to remember when it comes to writing a Japanese business email is the use of the word 様 (sama), one of the many Japanese honorifics. This is an important and polite suffix/honorific that is standard procedure for Japanese business emails. Other than that, always remember to express gratitude when you start your email.

You can use phrases such as「お世話になっております」which means “We become indebted to you” literally.

After you open your email, you would need to introduce yourself. Introduce yourself by stating your full name and your current company you are working for with your current position.

If this is your first time meeting the person and you are doing a follow-up with the person, you may use this phrase「ABC株式会社のアダムと申します」which means “this is Adam from ABC Corporation”. If this is not your first time meeting the person, you should use this phrase instead「ABC株式会社のアダムでございます」which also means “this Adam from ABC Corporation”.

Example:

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
山田様
いつもお世話になっております。
ABC株式会社の田中と申します。
Yamada-sama,
Itsu mo osewa ni natte orimasu.
ABC kabushikigaisha no Tanaka to moushimasu.
Mr./Ms. Yamada,
Thank you for your support.
This is Tanaka from ABC Company.

Besides that, depending on the context, you may also want to include additional phrases, such as apologizing for a late reply, thanking the recipient for a quick response, or offering a polite apology for sending a sudden email.

Japanese RomajiEnglish
早速のお返事ありがとうございました。Sassoku no ohenji arigatou gozaimashita.Thank you for the quick reply
お返事が遅れて、失礼いたしました。Ohenji ga okurete, shitsurei itashimashita.Sorry for the late reply
突然のメール、失礼いたします。Totsuzen no meeru, shitsurei itashimasu.Sorry for the sudden email
お忙しいところ大変申し訳ございませんが、〜Oisogashii tokoro taihen mōshiwake gozaimasen ga, ~Sorry to interrupt while you are busy, but…

Though not common, you can also use a very formal way of saying “How are you doing?”: お元気でいらっしゃいますか。

3. Email Body

The email body is where you clearly and politely state the main purpose of your message. It usually starts with a brief summary or context, followed by the details or requests. Use polite and humble language, and avoid sounding too direct or demanding.

An important tip when writing Japanese emails is that each sentence typically starts on a new line. This is different from English, where sentences are grouped together into paragraphs.

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
先日の会議でご提案いただいた件について、追加で確認させていただきたい点がございます。
お手数をおかけいたしますが、ご確認のほどよろしくお願いいたします。
Senjitsu no kaigi de go-teian itadaita ken ni tsuite, tsuika de kakunin sasete itadakitai ten ga gozaimasu. Otesuu o okake itashimasu ga, go-kakunin no hodo yoroshiku onegai itashimasu.Regarding the matter you proposed in the previous meeting, there are some additional points I would like to confirm. I apologize for the inconvenience, but I would appreciate your confirmation.

4. Conclusion and Closing

The closing phrases in a Japanese email should match the tone and content of your message while showing proper politeness and respect. Here are some effective closing phrases you can use:

Japanese PhraseRomajiEnglish Meaning
何卒よろしくお願い申し上げます。Nanitozo yoroshiku onegai moushiagemasu.I humbly ask for your kind cooperation.
引き続きよろしくお願いいたします。Hikitsuzuki yoroshiku onegai itashimasu.Thank you for your continued support.
ご検討のほどよろしくお願いいたします。Go kentou no hodo yoroshiku onegai itashimasu.I appreciate your kind consideration.
お忙しいところ恐れ入りますが、よろしくお願いいたします。Oisogashii tokoro osore irimasu ga, yoroshiku onegai itashimasu.Sorry to trouble you when busy, but thank you in advance.
失礼いたします。Shitsurei itashimasu.Excuse me (used to close politely).

Tip: While ご返信お待ちしております (Gohenjin omachi shite orimasu), meaning “I look forward to your reply” is very polite, it can sometimes feel like you are putting pressure on the recipient to respond quickly. Because of this nuance, it’s often better to use more neutral closing phrases in formal Japanese business emails.

Using Keigo in Japanese Business Emails

Depending on the type of relationship of business relationship you are writing to, there are 2 types of language forms.

The first form is 尊敬語 (Sonkeigo), which is the honorific language. This form conveys courtesy and respect for the person you are writing to. This form can be used not only to your listeners but also to a third person as well. The only difference is from the polite form. Keep in mind that this form is usually too formal, and instead, the humble form is used more often.

As for the second form, it would be 謙譲語 (kenjougo), which means humble form. This form is used when you want to show your respect to the person you are writing to for your actions by humbling yourself.

This step is very important as you would need to show your respect to the recipient. Thus, you would need to be very careful about which language forms to use.

If the two parties already have a close relationship, they can both leave some parts out. However, a word of caution that this would make the email less formal and more casual.

Vocabulary Business Japanese Vocabulary

Here is some vocabulary for you to help you in writing your own Japanese business email!

Dear: 拝啓・はいけい・Haikei
Subject: 件名・けんめい・Kenmei
Sender: 差出人・さしだしにん・Sashidashinin
Address: 宛先・あてさき・Atesaki
Urgent: 至急・きゅう・Shikyuu
Notice: 通知・つうち・Tsuuchi
To whom it may concern:  ご担当者様・ごたんとうしゃさま・Gotantoushasama
Best Wishes: 敬具・けいぐ・Keigu
Signature: 署名・しょめい・Shomei

Tips for Writing Japanese Business Email

  • Japanese business emails are usually more structured as compared to those from Western countries.
  • It is important to leave a line between each new topic.
  • When you are sending the same email to multiple people in the company, please make sure that you rank the names in accordance with their rank in the company

Business Japanese Email Template

Now that you have learned about Japanese emails, let’s look at a few examples!

1. Email templates for following up

You’ve sent important documents or materials to a client or colleague and haven’t received a response. It’s common practice in Japan to send a polite follow-up email. Below is a professional template you can use to follow up and kindly ask for confirmation regarding the materials you sent.

Japanese:

件名:資料ご確認のお願い(ABC株式会社・田中)

株式会社DEF
営業部 山田様

いつもお世話になっております。
ABC株式会社の田中と申します。

先日お送りいたしました資料について、ご確認いただけましたでしょうか。
お忙しいところ恐縮ではございますが、内容に問題がないかご確認いただけますと幸いです。

ご不明な点やご質問等ございましたら、どうぞお気軽にご連絡ください。
何卒よろしくお願いいたします。

失礼いたします。

ABC株式会社
田中太郎
tanaka@abc.co.jp
03-1234-5678

English:

Subject: Request for Material Confirmation (ABC Corp. – Tanaka)

Mr./Ms. Yamada, Sales Department, DEF Corporation

Thank you, as always, for your continued support.
My name is Tanaka from ABC Corporation.

I’m following up regarding the materials I sent the other day.
I apologize for troubling you while you’re busy, but I would be grateful if you could kindly confirm there are no issues with the content.

If you have any questions or need further clarification, please don’t hesitate to contact me.
Thank you very much in advance for your cooperation.

Sincerely,

Taro Tanaka
ABC Corporation
tanaka@abc.co.jp
03-1234-5678

2. Email templates for apologizing

Here’s a simple template you can use to apologize for the delay and resend your documents professionally.

Japanese:

件名:資料送付のご連絡とお詫び(ABC株式会社・田中)

株式会社DEF
営業部 山田様

いつもお世話になっております。
ABC株式会社の田中と申します。

資料の送付が遅くなり、誠に申し訳ございませんでした。
本日、改めて資料を添付させていただきますので、ご確認いただけますと幸いです。

お忙しいところ恐れ入りますが、ご確認のほどよろしくお願いいたします。
ご不明な点がございましたら、どうぞお気軽にご連絡ください。

何卒よろしくお願い申し上げます。

失礼いたします。

ABC株式会社
田中太郎
tanaka@abc.co.jp
03-1234-5678

English:

Subject: Apology and Notice of Material Submission (ABC Corp. – Tanaka)

Mr./Ms. Yamada, Sales Department, DEF Corporation

Thank you, as always, for your continued support.
My name is Tanaka from ABC Corporation.

I sincerely apologize for the delay in sending the materials.
I am resending the materials today and would appreciate it if you could kindly review them.

I apologize for troubling you while you are busy, but I would be grateful for your confirmation.
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me.

Thank you very much for your kind cooperation.

Sincerely,

Taro Tanaka
ABC Corporation
tanaka@abc.co.jp
03-1234-5678

Level up your professional Japanese with the Coto Academy Business Japanese Course!

Looking to advance your career or find a new job in Japan? Coto Academy offers Business Japanese and advanced-level courses tailored for working professionals, as well as classes for intermediate to advanced learners looking to build confidence in professional communication. Fill out the form below, and our friendly team will get in touch with you shortly!

Want to study Japanese with us?

Want to land a job in Japan? Don’t forget to read our guide on:

FAQ

What are the key features of a Japanese business email?

Japanese business emails are typically formal and polite. They use honorific language (keigo), clear structure, and often start with seasonal greetings or expressions of gratitude. Proper etiquette and humility are important to maintain respect.

How long should a Japanese business email be?

Keep it concise but polite. Avoid overly long emails; focus on clarity and respect.

How do I address a Japanese business person in an email?

Address the recipient with their family name + 様 (sama), which is a very polite honorific.

You’ve decided to take on JLPT N5, but looking for the right Japanese N5 textbook can feel more overwhelming than actually studying the language.

So, read this guide to find out the top 20 N5 textbooks for beginners to ace the JLPT with flying colors — or to start your studies on the right foot. When you’re ready to jump to the next level, we have also JLPT N3 textbook and JLPT N4 textbook recommendations!

Should I take the JLPT N5 Exam?

If you plan on studying Japanese for a long time, signing up for the JLPT N5 helps you create a concrete goal to reach. Even though it will only cover the very basics, it’s the perfect way for beginners to stay motivated. JLPT N5 requires you to master at least 800 Japanese vocabulary words and 100 kanji, so you can also assess your ability and level appropriately.

Even if you’re not taking the JLPT N5, these textbooks are great for learners to soak in all the important beginner-level Japanese language components: hiragana, katakana, key vocabulary, and basic kanji. But what’s the best one you can find online?

Don’t know where to start with the JLPT? Check out our full guide on how to study for the JLPT!

What Will I Need To Pass the JLPT N5?

In order to pass the JLPT N5, you will need to know hiragana, katakana, kanji (around 100 characters), and master some essential grammar. You will also need to understand basic conversation in Japanese since there is a listening section. So, the best textbooks often prepare you specifically for the JLPT N5 or focus on one of the key areas, such as vocabulary, fundamental grammar, etc. There are a variety of options out there, but here are our top 20 picks!

Read More: Top 100 JLPT N5 Vocabulary List

Top JLPT N5 Textbooks

1. Nihongo Fun and Easy

Nihongo Fun & Easy Textbooks

Nihongo Fun and Easy is Coto’s self-developed study book. This book is designed to help students who are new to Japanese, including those with no prior knowledge of the language, to acquire natural-sounding, essential Japanese that can be used immediately in daily conversation. It’s a great option for beginners who want to study on their own. All practice and examples come with full English translation. You don’t have to worry about knowing hiragana and katakana first, too. The textbook comes with romaji, and you will learn the alphabet along the way.

The book includes lessons on simple Japanese words and a list of verbs and adjective conjugations. You’ll also receive an audio CD for learning dialogues in both Japanese and English. The book comes with an audio CD for learning conversational dialogues in both Japanese and English.

The book currently has two volumes:

  • Nihongo Fun & Easy: Survival Japanese Conversation for Beginners
  • Nihongo Fun & Easy 2: Basic Grammar for Conversation for Beginners

Price: $24 (¥2,782)

Click on this link to purchase the book.

Many of our courses use this textbook as well. Feel free to contact us about our JLPT Courses and more!

2. Genki

Genki is one of the most used Japanese language textbook series for beginners. Lesson chapters don’t focus on the JLPT itself but on everyday real-life situations and dialogues. For example, in the first lesson, they first teach you about conversations that can happen during the day, combined with clear and concise explanations about grammar and vocabulary.

Keep in mind that Genki is a textbook that was specifically designed for classroom teaching, so it may not be perfect for self-learners.

Price: $39.90 (¥4,601)

Click this link to purchase the book.

3. Minna No Nihongo

Minna no Nihongo is another popular classroom textbook. Lesson chapters include Japanese grammar, vocabulary, listening, and speaking skills. The text in the book is also fully in Japanese, so you will have to know hiragana and katakana in advance.

Price: $28.80 (¥3,920)

Click this link to purchase the book.

4. Nihongo So-Matome N5

The Nihongo So-Matome N5 is an all-inclusive textbook. The book features 42 daily Japanese lessons that are categorized as kanji, vocabulary, grammar, and reading. It’s designed as a 6-week self-study aid. You’ll find common grammar points, guides on syntax and a list of kanji and vocabulary commonly found in the JLPT N5 exam. The textbook also includes a reading and listening practice with a pre-recorded audio CD.

Some popular topics covered in the textbook are

  • What’s your name?
  • What are you doing?
  • Hands and feet

Price: $21.99 (¥2,535)

Click this link to purchase the book.

5. Goukaku Dekiru JLPT N4 & N5

Gokaku dekiru jlpt prep textbook image

While the Minna no Nihongo or Genki are N5-level, they’re not necessarily targeted to students who want to take the JLPT. For that, the Goukaku Dekiru JLPT book series is by far the most popular choice for test-takers. The textbook breaks down the JLPT into two parts. Part one focuses on all grammar and vocabulary, with 863 questions to help you tackle the language knowledge section. Part two is a collection of mock tests in the official format of JLPT.

The book includes two CDs for the listening section and an answer book.

Price: $29.89 (¥3,446)

Click this link to purchase the book.

6. 55 Reading Comprehension Tests for JLPT N5

The textbook includes 55 different N5-related Japanese readings with over a hundred questions. You will learn to analyze passages by understanding how to break down sentences into simple words to better comprehend them sentences. Questions in the book are modeled to represent the actual JLPT exam.

Price: $24.99 (¥2,881)

Click this link to purchase the book.

7. JLPT N5 Kanji, Vocabulary & Grammar Chokuzen-Taisaku

JLPT N5 Kanji, Vocabulary & Grammar Chokuzen Taisaku is a workbook perfect for anyone who is looking to take mock tests for the JLPT N5 exam, focusing on vocabulary, kanji, and grammar questions. Included is also an appendix section that contains important verbs, adverbs, and adjectives related to the N5.

Price: $17.73 (¥2,044)

Click this link to purchase the book.

8. 1000 Essential Vocabulary for the JLPT N5

1000 Essential Vocabulary JLPT N5 Text book

To pass the JLPT N5, you will need to know 800 vocabulary, so learning 1,000 is a safe bet that you’ll ace the test. The textbook is broken down into 10 different chapters. Vocabularies are sorted based on their function and related contexts, like friends, food, hobbies, shopping, living, and health. This allows for better word retention.

There’s also a link to audio files for learners who want to hear the words and example sentences. Because of the small size of the vocabulary book, many learners will conveniently carry it around. There’s a red sheet to block the Japanese word (for a quick mini-quiz) and a checkbox for you to tick.

Price: $14.99 (¥1,728)

Click this link to purchase.

9. The Preparatory Course for the JLPT N5 Reading, Kanji, Vocabulary, and Grammar

Image for the textbook: preparatory course for the jlpt n5

This textbook is a study guide for the JLPT N5. Chapters of the book include all material related to N5 kanji, grammar, forms of speech, and model sentences with simple explanations, making it easy to study on your own. There are multiple practice problems that allow you to check your comprehension level as well.

Price: $25.80 (¥2,974)

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10. Tanki Master JLPT N5

With an audio CD, the Tanki Master JLPT N5 has five different categories of Japanese Learning: Japanese characters, vocabulary, grammar, listening, and reading. The contents cover questions for every section of the test. The book is especially effective when used to help you review. It’s separated into two parts: practice questions and practice tests for mockups,s for learners to see how they did.

Price: $20.00 (¥2,304)

Click this link below to purchase.

11. Nihongo Challenge for JLPT N4 & N5 Kanji

Nihongo Challenge N4 - N5 textbook

Each chapter in the Nihongo Challenge series teaches about 10 new kanji, complete with their stroke orders and free blank spaces to practice writing them. What is unique about this textbook is that each kanji has its own illustration and explanation.

Price: $19.00 (¥2,189)

Click this link to purchase the book.

12. Mastering Kanji: Guide to JLPT N5 Kanji

Mastering Kanji N5

All kanji is thoughtfully introduced with a number of illustrations, which makes your learning more interesting and effective, too. At the end of every chapter, there will be review questions to assess your progress. You can also check your level in a separate “achievement”.  

Price: $25.00 (¥2,881)

Click this link to purchase the book.

13. JLPT Official Practice Workbook

JLPT Official Practice Workbook

Once you’re confident that you’ve learned everything needed for the test, you can start doing mock tests through the official JLPT practice workbook.

Acting as a revision guide, the workbook is perfect if you wish to practice before the actual exam. There’s an audio CD for the listening section. The workbook has over 33 vocabulary and kanji sections, as well as 26 grammar and 6 reading questions.

Price: $14.00 (¥1,613)

Click the link below to purchase the book.

14. Basic Kanji Book

image of the Basic Kanji Book

As one of the classic books for learning kanji, Basic Kanji Book Vol. 1 & Vol. 2 gives 500 fundamental kanji. You will learn to memorize kanji and write them according to their correct stroke order. Each unit has simple practice exercises to practice writing the kanji.

Price: $29.00 (¥3,344)

Click this link to purchase the book.

15. Try! Japanese Language Proficiency Test N5

Image of the Try! Japanese Language Proficiency Test textbook

As part of the Try! series, the N5 volume covers nine different chapters of everyday life conversations. The Try! series is specifically designed to help students focus on Japanese grammar. In total, there are nine chapters, each equipped with practice questions and a final review.

Price: $24.50 (¥2,825)

Click the link below to purchase the book.

16. Drill and Drill JLPT N5 Kanji, Grammar, Vocabulary, Reading and Listening

Image for Drill And Drill JLPT N5 textbook

The Drill and Drill JLPT N5 has over 250 questions on vocabulary, grammar, reading, and listening. Answers to the questions are provided in a separate booklet at the back of the book. The booklet contains detailed explanations of each question as well as example sentences and tips to answer each question. You can also find an audio CD for the listening section of the test.

Price: $28.00 (¥3,229)

Click this link to purchase the book.

17. JLPT Preparation Book Speed Master – Quick Mastery of N4 & N5 Vocabulary

JLPT vocabulary speed master

This is a book that combines N5 and N4 vocabularies. There are 1,800 words in total, separated into 50 units based on their relevant topics. Readings of the words are shown in both kanji and hiragana and have translations in English and Chinese. Every new word learned has a checkbox that makes it easy to continue where you left off.

Price: $19.99 (¥2,305)

Click this link to purchase the book.

18. JLPT Study Guide

Created by a popular JLPT mockup test website, JLPTBootCamp.com, the book has over 300 practice test questions with printable flashcards for vocabulary, hiragana, katakana, and kanji.

Price: $25.00 (¥2,883)

Click this link to purchase the book.

19. Yookoso! Invitation to Contemporary Japanese Student

Textbook called Yookoso! a contemporary Japanese introduction

This book serves as a two-volume series for basic Japanese. It’s known to be the first to integrate all the Japanese language technical skills. The book is comprehensive but simple to follow. Although it’s more on the expensive side, there are a lot of example sentences and detailed explanations to help break down complex sentences into simpler words and phrases.

Price: $146.01 (¥17,692.15) 

Click this link to purchase the book.

20. Japanese Kanji Mnemonics JLPT N5

JLPT Kanji mnemonics N5 textbook

Centered to help readers pass the exam, the book focuses on the 103 most common Kanji found on the N5 level test. The book is mostly used as flashcards as readers will be able to find the kanji mnemonic on the front page and the kanji information on the back of the page. Each mnemonic has its own drawing as well as a sentence example and explanations for better memorization.

Price: $16.91 (¥1,937)

Click this link to purchase the book.

What’s Next After Finding The Best JLPT N5 Textbook

Once you have found the best JLPT Textbook, use you will need to it to help strategize how to pass the JLPT N5. It’s a pretty long test and your chosen textbook(s) should cover every area from reading to listening in Japanese.

While finding JLPT learning resources is great for self-learning, we also recommend finding the right support from a professional instructor. We offer both JLPT self-study courses as well as online or in-person JLPT Courses taught by an experienced teacher who can help you dissect the N5 exam and be fully equipped to pass!

Want to learn JLPT N5?

FAQ

How many words and kanji do you need for JLPT N5?

You will need to know about 100 kanji and about 800 vocabulary words.

How long does it take to pass the JLPT N5?

It should take roughly 100 – 200 class hours, depending on how you study and what resources you use.

How can you prepare for the JLPT N5?

Both the JLPT N5 and N4 levels have been designed to test classroom Japanese. The best way to prepare is to take an introductory or beginner course in Japanese. We also recommend you buy N5 textbooks and workbooks and work through them on your own to better prepare yourself.

When I register for the JLPT N5?

The JLPT is held twice a year, usually in July and December. If you’re outside Japan, the test may be held only once a year, in July or December. Registration is usually open until mid-March (for July) and mid-August (for December)

How can JLPT N5 help you in Japan?

It does not help you that much.

Passing the different levels of the JLPT can provide you with great opportunities to work in Japan. However, simply passing the N5 is not enough to help you since the N5 is just a test of basic knowledge of the Japanese language. You would require at least a JLPT N3 certificate if you want to work comfortably in Japan. If you are planning to take the JLPT, we would recommend that you go through all 5 levels until you feel comfortable having conversations in Japanese fluently.

Shhould I take JLPT lessons?

Taking JLPT lessons can significantly boost your chances of success by providing structured learning with experienced Japanese teachers. With Coto Academy, you’ll benefit from expert instruction, flexible schedules, and a proven track record of helping students pass levels N5 to N1.

Check out our guides for other JLPT levels as well: