How many study hours do you need to pass the JLPT? The Japanese Language Proficiency Test is the benchmark for your knowledge of the Japanese language. One of the first questions that probably comes to mind is: “How long do I need to prepare for the JLPT?”
The answer isn’t the same for everyone. It depends on things like your current level, how you study, and whether you’ve learned the language before. Still, having a rough idea of the time commitment for each level (from N5 to N1) can really help with planning and staying motivated.
In this post, we will show you some interesting comparisons of the number of JLPT study hours it will take you to pass each exam level.
Getting ready for the JLPT? Boost your chances of passing with Coto Academy’s JLPT Prep Course — designed for busy learners. With just 3 focused hours per week, you’ll turn your current Japanese skills into real test results in 3 months.
The number of study hours needed to pass the JLPT can vary a lot depending on the learner. If you’re living in Japan or regularly exposed to Japanese, especially kanji, you may be able to progress more quickly thanks to daily practice and immersion. Similarly, learners who already know Chinese or Korean often need fewer hours because of shared kanji or grammar patterns.
Note that the numbers above are cumulative totals. For example, to reach JLPT N2, you need about 1,500–2,200 hours total, not just 1,000 hours after passing N3. If you have already passed N4 and are aiming for N3, you’d need around 250–400 more hours, depending on your level.
To help you plan, here’s a breakdown of the estimated total study hours for each JLPT level, along with how many days it might take if you study 1 hour a day. We’ll also include how those numbers change if you study 2 hours daily.
How many days to study for the JLPT?
JLPT level
Days needed (1 hour/day)
Days needed (2 hours/day)
N5
250 – 400 days
125 – 200 days
N4
600 – 750 days
300 – 375 days
N3
950 – 1,100 days
475 – 550 days
N2
1,600 – 2,200 days
800 – 1,100 days
N1
2,150 – 4,500 days
1,075 – 2,250 days
What do these numbers mean?
Some learners can reach JLPT N5 in just 6 months, and with intensive study, it’s even possible to pass JLPT N1 within 2 years. But how long it takes depends on how much time you put in consistently. Here’s a general breakdown based on studying 1 hour per day:
N5: If you study just 1 hour per day, you could be ready in under a year.
N4: Builds on N5 with more vocabulary and grammar. Studying 1 hour a day means about 1.5 to 2 years of study.
N3: Intermediate level, with a big jump in vocabulary and kanji. It can take around 3 years at 1 hour per day.
N2: Upper-intermediate, where you handle complex grammar and real-world materials. This level often takes 4.5 to 6 years at 1 hour per day.
N1: It may take around 6 years of 2 hours per day study, or up to 12+ years if you’re studying lightly!
Study Hours Needed for JLPT N5
Estimated study time: 350 – 500 hours
For students with kanji knowledge, it takes around 350 hours to study for the JLPT! It’s close to the hours you would spend in preparing for a driver’s license in Japan.
For other students who don’t have prior kanji knowledge, it takes 400 – 500 hours. That is about the same as if you were to take a course to obtain a pastry diploma in Le Cordon Bleu, which is around 453 hours!
The number of study hours increases quite a bit when you’re starting Japanese from scratch, since you first need to learn the basics—like hiragana and katakana—before even beginning to tackle kanji and grammar.
Study Hours Needed for JLPT N4:
Estimated study time: 550 – 1,000 hours
JLPT N4 builds upon what you learned in N5. You’ll expand your vocabulary to around 1,500 words and know about 300 kanji. Grammar becomes a bit more complex, and you’ll begin to understand more conversational Japanese, such as simple instructions, or casual dialogue.
For students with kanji knowledge, it takes 550 hours to pass the test.
If you are a non-native English speaker, that is about the same as studying to improve your TOEIC score from 500 to 700.
For other students, it’s 787 hours. With this time, you can become a train driver in Japan!
Study Hours Needed for JLPT N3:
Estimated study time: 900 – 1,325 hours
N3 represents a big jump in difficulty and marks the shift to intermediate Japanese. You’ll need to know around 650 kanji and 3,700 vocabulary words. At this level, you should be able to understand written and spoken content on everyday topics with some abstract language.
For students with kanji knowledge, it takes 900 hours. This amount of hours is the same as getting a Spanish Food Le Cordon Bleu diploma, which requires around 880 hours!
For other students with no prior kanji knowledge, it would take around 1,325 hours to study for JLPT N3. With this amount of time, you can become an architect, as that course takes 1500 hours.
Study Hours Needed for JLPT N2:
Estimated study time: 1,500 – 2,200 hours
N2 is often required for working in Japan or entering a Japanese university. You’ll be expected to know about 1,000 kanji and 6,000 vocabulary words. The test includes more complex texts, nuanced grammar, and fast-paced spoken Japanese.
For students with kanji knowledge, it takes around 1475 hours to study for the JLPT. This number is equivalent to becoming a co-pilot of an aircraft! For other students, it’s 2,200 hours, which is almost the same time it would take to get a USCPA (Certified Public Accountant).
Study Hours Needed for JLPT N1:
Estimated study time: 2,150 – 4,500 hours
To pass JLPT N1, it generally takes 3,900 – 4,500 hours to study without any prior kanji knowledge. If you already know most of the kanji, it requires around 2,150 hours.
You might notice there’s a big jump between JLPT N2 and N1. The difficulty gap is significant, with N1 requiring much deeper understanding of grammar, vocabulary, and kanji. Because of this, many learners spend one to three years just moving from N2 to N1, even after years of study to reach N2.
To put that into perspective: 2,150 hours is about the same amount of time it would take to walk from the southern tip of Yamaguchi Prefecture to the northern edge of Aomori Prefecture, which is a journey across the length of Japan’s main island, Honshu. And 4,500 hours? That’s roughly the time it would take to travel around the world on a cruise ship!
Pass the JLPT with Coto Academy!
Now that you know how much time it takes to prepare for the JLPT, it’s time to make a plan! The best way to pass the JLPT is by studying at a top language school like Coto Academy.
Coto Academy offers both online and in-person JLPT preparation courses in Tokyo, led by experienced instructors who will guide you through every section of the exam. Whether you’re aiming for N5 or N1, our focused, supportive environment will help you stay motivated and on track. Ready to pass the JLPT with confidence? Join Coto Academy!
Want more tips on how to pass the JLPT? Check out our other in-depth guides and start preparing smarter today!
It typically takes around 350 to 500 hours of study to pass the JLPT N5. This level covers basic grammar, vocabulary, and hiragana/katakana.
Can I pass the JLPT by studying on my own?
Yes, many learners pass the JLPT through self-study, but joining a structured course like those at Coto Academy can significantly improve your efficiency and chances of success.
Is it possible to become fluent in Japanese in 2 years?
Yes, it’s possible if you study consistently and immerse yourself. To reach conversational fluency, aim for 1.5–3 hours of study per day, practice speaking regularly, and expose yourself to real Japanese (TV, podcasts, books).
Can I pass JLPT N3 in 1 year?
Yes, you can pass JLPT N3 in 1 year if you study around 3 hours per day consistently. It takes around 900 – 1,325 hours to study for JLPT N3.
Planning to study for the JLPT? Short for the Japanese Language Proficiency Test, JLPT is the most recognized Japanese language certification used by employers, universities, and immigration authorities to assess non-native speakers’ Japanese proficiency.
People say that passing the JLPT opens many doors, like landing a job in Japan and even help with your visa application for permanent residence. But with so much at stake, the JLPT can also be one of the most stressful tests to take. How long should you study? Can you even take the test where you live? In this guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about the JLPT, from registration to preparation strategies and resources, so you can walk into the exam room ready to pass!
What is the JLPT?
The Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) is a standardized exam administered by the Japan Educational Exchanges and Services (JEES) and the Japanese Ministry of Education. It evaluates and certifies the Japanese language skills of non-native speakers across five levels, from N5 (beginner) to N1 (advanced).
The JLPT was first introduced in 1984 in response to the growing demand for a reliable Japanese language certification. In its first year, only 7,000 people took the test. By 2024, around 1.72 million people took the test worldwide!
The exam has evolved significantly over time. Back then, it was even used as a requirement for international students applying to Japanese universities. While the EJU (Examination for Japanese University Admission for International Students) has largely taken its place in academia, the JLPT remains a trusted credential for employers.
Originally held only once a year with just four levels, it now takes place twice a year (in July and December) in many countries, except in 2020, when it was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Today, all JLPT levels use multiple-choice questions and are machine-scored to maintain fairness.
Study the JLPT Smarter with Coto Academy!
Getting ready for the JLPT? Boost your chances of passing with Coto Academy’s JLPT Prep Course — designed for busy learners. With just 3 focused hours per week, you’ll turn your current Japanese skills into real test results in 3 months.
There are five JLPT levels, each designed to measure different stages of Japanese language proficiency.
The beginner levels, N5 and N4, focus on building a solid foundation in basic Japanese. N3 serves as a bridge between beginner and advanced skills, demonstrating the ability to handle everyday conversations comfortably. N2 is often considered business-level Japanese and is the minimum requirement for many companies hiring foreign workers. Finally, N1 represents full fluency of the language.
Here’s an overview of how many kanji and vocabulary words you’ll need to know for each JLPT level:
JLPT Level
Approximate Kanji to Know
Approximate Vocabulary to Know
N5
100
800
N4
300
1,500
N3
650
3,750
N2
1,000
6,000
N1
2,000+
10,000+
Below is a detailed explanation of each level to help you decide which JLPT exam best suits your current skills and goals:
1. JLPT N5
The JLPT N5 is the most basic level, designed to test fundamental Japanese language skills. It is roughly equivalent to A1 on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). This level evaluates your ability to understand and use simple phrases and everyday expressions written in hiragana, katakana, and basic kanji.
At this point, you can prove that you can greet people, but you can’t express your opinion yet.
While N5 alone may not open many job opportunities, it serves as a valuable goal for beginners!
The JLPT N4 shows that you can handle basic Japanese used in daily life, including reading simple passages and understanding common conversations. It corresponds approximately to A2-B1 on the CEFR.
Passing the JLPT N4 is usually manageable for those who have already cleared N5. However, N4 requires knowing about 200 additional kanji and roughly 700 more vocabulary words compared to the N5 level.
Make sure to watch our YouTube video, where Nami-sensei teaches you how to use one of JLPT N3 grammar, dake (だけ)!
3. JLPT N3
JLPT N3 is the intermediate level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test, sitting right between the beginner (5 or N4) and advanced (N2 and N1) tiers. It’s designed to test your ability to understand everyday Japanese used in a range of familiar situations.
At this level, you’re expected to have a solid grasp of grammar, a growing vocabulary, and the ability to read slightly more complex texts.
For many learners, N3 is an achievable milestone. It shows that you can handle daily conversations, understand basic news headlines, and navigate typical communication in a Japanese environment without much difficulty.
Professionally, JLPT N3 is often the minimum requirement for part-time jobs in Japan and may also be accepted for technical roles in global companies where some Japanese ability is helpful but not strictly essential, such as in IT or engineering teams.
The JLPT N2 demonstrates advanced intermediate proficiency. At this level, you are expected to understand Japanese used in a wide variety of contexts, such as newspapers, TV shows, lectures, and business conversations.
N2 is often regarded as the benchmark for business-level Japanese. Although N2 is the threshold for fluency, more companies are relaxing their standards for Japanese fluency to the N3 level.
The JLPT N1 is the highest and most challenging level, indicating near-native fluency. It covers about 2,000 kanji and 10,000 vocabulary words. N1 tests your ability to comprehend complex texts such as academic articles, editorials, and detailed reports, as well as to follow nuanced conversations on specialized topics.
Although N1 is the highest JLPT level, learners can further challenge themselves by taking the Business Japanese Proficiency Test (BJT). Unlike the JLPT, which focuses on general language proficiency, the BJT is designed to objectively measure practical communication skills in a Japanese business environment.
The JLPT measures your language skills across four main areas: vocabulary, grammar, reading, and listening. Each section is timed, and the structure varies slightly depending on the test level.
For JLPT N5 to N3, the exam is split into three sections:
Vocabulary
Grammar and Reading
Listening
For JLPT N2 and N1, vocabulary, grammar, and reading are merged into one section, making time management even more crucial.
Test duration by level
Level
Test Sections
Time Allotment
Total Duration
N1
Vocabulary, Grammar and Reading
110 minutes
165 min
Listening
55 minutes
N2
Vocabulary, Grammar and Reading
105 min
155 min
Listening
50 minutes
N3
Vocabulary
30 min
140 min
Grammar + Reading
70 min
Listening
40 min
N4
Vocabulary
25 minutes
115 minutes
Grammar + Reading
55 minutes
Listening
35 minutes
N5
Vocabulary
20 minutes
90 minutes
Grammar + Reading
40 minutes
Listening
30 minutes
JLPT section breakdown
1. Vocabulary (語彙)
This section tests your knowledge of Japanese words and kanji readings. You’ll need to recognize vocabulary in different formats, such as:
Kanji reading: Select the correct reading of the underlined kanji.
Orthography: Choose the correct kanji for a word written in hiragana.
Word formation: Complete compound words or expressions.
Paraphrasing: Pick a synonym or phrase with a similar meaning.
Usage and expressions: Choose the sentence where a word is used correctly or complete the missing parts.
2. Grammar (文法)
Though the dedicated grammar test section in JLPT is short, remember that the level-appropriate grammar is also embedded across other sections like reading and vocabulary. You may encounter:
Grammar fill-in-the-blank: Choose the appropriate grammar form or phrases.
Sentence order: Rearrange jumbled parts into a grammatically correct sentence.
Phrase completion: Select the best phrase to complete a sentence naturally.
3. Reading (読解)
The reading section is often considered one of the most difficult. You’ll read various texts and answer questions about them. The complexity increases at higher levels. Reading tasks may include:
Passage comprehension: Understand short to long texts.
Information retrieval: Extract key details from ads, notices, or schedules.
Integrated comprehension: Compare two passages (only in N2 and N1).
Thematic comprehension: Grasp the main idea of long-form texts (N2 and N1).
4. Listening (聴解)
The listening section of the JLPT tests how well you can understand spoken Japanese in real-life situations. You’ll hear short conversations, announcements, or monologues, and answer questions based on what you heard. Importantly, you only hear the audio once, and the questions appear after the audio, so active listening and memory are key.
Appropriate Response: Choose the best reply to a short conversation or question.
Task Comprehension: Understand what action is required based on instructions or requests.
Key Point Comprehension: Identify the main idea or important details of the dialogue.
Verbal Expressions: Interpret specific phrases or expressions in context.
Integrated Comprehension: (N2/N1 only) Follow longer conversations and compare opinions or viewpoints.
Passing score for JLPT
To pass the JLPT (Japanese-Language Proficiency Test), you must pass both the overall score requirement and the minimum sectional score.
1. Overall score requirement
Each JLPT level has a different total score and passing threshold:
JLPT Level
Total Score
Passing Score
N1
180
100
N2
180
90
N3
180
95
N4
180
90
N5
180
80
2. Minimum sectional score
Similarly, the minimum required scores for each section of the JLPT vary by level. Note that for JLPT N4 and N5, vocabulary, grammar, and reading are combined into a single section!
JLPT Level
Vocabulary and Grammar
Reading
Listening
Total score
Passing score
Total score
Passing score
Total score
Passing score
N1
19
60
19
60
19
60
N2
19
60
19
60
19
60
N3
19
60
19
60
19
60
JLPT Level
Vocabulary, Grammar and Reading
Listening
Total score
Passing score
Total score
Passing score
N4
120
38
19
60
N5
120
38
19
60
This means even if your total score meets the passing requirement, you won’t pass the test unless you also reach the minimum score in each individual section.
For instance, in N2, you must score at least 19 points in both the combined Language Knowledge (Vocabulary/Grammar) & Reading section, and in the Listening section. You can’t rely on one strong area to make up for a weak one!
When and where can you take the JLPT?
Wondering if you can take the JLPT in your home country? The Japanese-Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) is held twice a year, typically on the first Sunday of July and December, both in Japan and at select overseas locations.
However, some countries only offer the JLPT once a year, either in July or December, so it’s important to check your local schedule.
As of 2024, the JLPT is conducted in over 96 countries and regions. That means if you live in or near a major city, there’s a good chance a test center is available nearby. You can check the official JLPT site for the list of overseas test sites.
How many hours does it take to study for JLPT?
The number of study hours needed to pass the JLPT can vary widely depending on the learner. If you’re living in Japan or regularly exposed to Japanese, especially kanji, you may progress more quickly.
Learners with a background in Chinese or other kanji-based languages also tend to pick things up faster due to their familiarity with the writing system.
Exam level
Hours needed to study
With kanji knowledge
Without kanji knowledge
N5
350 hours
400 – 500 hours
N4
550 hours
800 – 1,000 hours
N3
900 hours
1325 hours
N2
1500 hours
2200 hours
N1
2150 hours
3900 – 4500 hours
Take a look at the table below for a rough estimate of how many hours you might need to spend studying for each JLPT level!
JLPT Level
Estimated Study Duration (1–2 hours/day)
N5
4 to 6 months
N4
7 to 9 months
N3
10 to 12 months
N2
14 to 18 months
N1
20 to 24+ months
If you study for 1–2 hours a day, you can expect to reach JLPT N5 or N4 in about 6 to 9 months. Advancing to N2 or N1, however, might take 2 to 3 years of consistent effort. Keep in mind that even some long-time learners haven’t reached N1!
The best way to prepare for the JLPT combines multiple strategies: taking mock exams, joining a prep course, using varied study materials, immersing yourself in Japanese media, and, most importantly, being consistent.
Everyone learns differently, so there’s no single approach that works for everyone. The key is to find a routine that fits your goals and stick to it. Here’s how to get started:
1. Set up a study schedule
If you’re serious about passing the JLPT, especially with a high score, you need a realistic and consistent study plan. Design a daily or weekly schedule that includes time for vocabulary, grammar, reading, and listening.
For example:
Learn 10–20 new vocabulary words and kanji each day.
Dedicate one day a week to reading practice or mock test review.
Review previous content regularly to reinforce memory.
You never want to cram your JLPT exam preparation, especially for higher levels.
2. Take mock exams
Practice exams help you get familiar with the JLPT format and time constraints. Simulating real test conditions helps reduce anxiety and improves time management. It also reveals your weak points so you can focus your efforts more efficiently.
Pro tip: For N2 and N1, where reading, vocabulary, and grammar are combined into one long section, poor time management can cost you the entire reading section. Practice under timed conditions to develop your pacing.
3. Join a JLPT prep course
While it’s entirely possible to prepare for the JLPT on your own, many learners find that structured guidance and support make a huge difference.
Joining a course like the JLPT prep course at Coto Academy gives you access to expert teachers, well-organized lessons, and high-quality study materials. Plus, you’ll be surrounded by classmates who share your goal, creating a motivating and encouraging environment.
Coto Academy’s JLPT courses cover everything you need to succeed, from essential grammar and vocabulary to kanji and exam strategies. Whether you prefer a focused three-month intensive program or a year-round course, we offer options for all JLPT levels!
3. Gather study materials
To effectively prepare for the JLPT, it’s essential to use a mix of study tools. Combining different resources helps reinforce your skills in kanji, vocabulary, grammar, reading, and listening, and keeps your study sessions more engaging.
Textbooks: JLPT-specific textbooks like the Shin Kanzen Master or TRY! series are great for targeted practice in grammar, vocabulary, and reading. We’ve curated a list of the best JLPT textbooks to help you choose the right one.
Online Resources & Apps: Make use of websites, mobile apps, and online platforms designed for JLPT learners. Need recommendations? Check out our blog on the best Japanese learning apps.
Flashcards: Flashcards are great for memorizing vocabulary and kanji. Tools like Anki, which use spaced repetition, can make your study more efficient. We’ve also created a guide to help you get started with Anki and listed our favorite Japanese decks.
4. Read newspapers and watch the news
This is especially helpful for JLPT N2 and N1 learners, where the reading section becomes more advanced. Anime can help you learn Japanese, but it might not be able to prepare you for JLPT N1.
Instead, you can switch to content that uses more formal and natural Japanese, like:
Japanese news (NHK, ANN on YouTube)
Newspapers and articles
TV shows that require concentration
Keep a dictionary handy and look up unfamiliar words as you read or listen. The more you expose yourself to real-world Japanese, the more comfortable you’ll become with kanji, grammar patterns, and idiomatic expressions.
Best JLPT textbooks
There are many great textbooks you can buy to prepare for the JLPT, ranging from those that cover a lot of test elements to specialized ones that cover only vocabulary.
Some of our top recommendations include:
1. Genki
Best for: Beginners (N5 – N4)
If you’re enrolled in a Japanese language class, chances are you’ll be using either Genki or Minna no Nihongo. Both offer a solid foundation in grammar, vocabulary, and kanji through clear explanations.
While it doesn’t specifically target JLPT N5 or N4, its content closely aligns with what you’ll need to pass those levels.
2. Minna no Nihongo
Best for: Beginners (N5 – N4)
Another go-to for beginners, Minna no Nihongo is used by a lot of language schools in Japan. It’s more grammar-focused than Genki and written mostly in Japanese, which really helps with immersion.
It does come with a translation and grammar guide in your language, so you won’t get lost.
3. Try! Japanese Language Proficiency Test
Best for: All levels
The Try! series is a favorite among JLPT test-takers because it’s made specifically for each JLPT level. It walks you through grammar with clear explanations, real-life example sentences, and practice questions that feel just like the actual test.
What’s great is how it breaks things down into three simple steps: first, you see how grammar is used in real conversations, then you get to practice the basics, and finally, you apply what you’ve learned through listening and reading exercises. Each book also comes with an audio CD and a separate answer booklet!
4. Shin Kanzen Master
Best for: Intermediate to advanced (N3 – N1)
The Shin Kanzen Master series is one of the most thorough JLPT prep resources out there for serious learners aiming for a high score on N2 or N1.
Each book focuses on a specific section of the test: grammar, vocabulary, reading, or listening, and goes into impressive detail. The vocabulary book, for example, is split into two parts: the first helps you learn words based on themes and everyday situations, while the second breaks them down by part of speech and usage.
There’s also a mock test section so you can get a feel for the real exam.
5. Tango Vocabulary Series
Best for: Vocabulary practice for all levels
This compact, almost pocket-sized vocabulary book comes with a red plastic sheet that lets you hide the Japanese vocabulary for self-review.
Each book is tailored to a specific JLPT level and organizes vocabulary by theme, like hobbies, family, and adverbs. It’s especially great for building a daily study habit and perfect for learners who want quick, portable practice sessions on the go.
6. Nihongo So Matome
Best for: N3–N1 prep with lighter content
This series is designed to be completed in a short time (around 6 weeks per book). It’s great for learners who prefer visual aids and concise explanations. It’s not as in-depth as Shin Kanzen Master, but it’s great for reinforcing key concepts efficiently.
Of course, there are other great textbooks! We’ve made a full coverage of the best JLPT textbooks you can get based on each level:
If you’re planning to take the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT), it’s important to know when and how to register. The registration period opens a few months before the exam date, but the exact timing depends on where you plan to take the test.
In Japan:
For the July exam, registration usually opens around mid-March.
For the December exam, registration starts around mid-August.
Outside Japan:
For the July exam, registration is typically open from March to April.
For the December exam, registration usually runs from August to September.
Since these dates can vary by location, the best way to stay updated is visiting the official JLPT website.
How to register for the JLPT:
Create a MyJLPT account: This online account is your portal to managing your test registration and viewing your results later on.
Complete the online application: Fill out your personal details, choose your test level, and select your test location.
Make your payment: Test fees are generally around 5,500 yen but can vary by country and test center. Your registration isn’t complete until payment is confirmed.
Test seats can fill up fast, especially in popular locations. Make sure to register as soon as the application window opens to secure your spot.
Your JLPT results will be available online approximately two months after your test date. You can check them by logging into your MyJLPT account, where you’ll get instant access to your scores.
For those residing in Japan, the official physical certificate will be mailed to your registered address on a scheduled date. Once you receive it, you can also request an official transcript, which can be sent out right away.
If you need your results urgently, you may apply for express delivery of your transcript.
Want a detailed, step-by-step breakdown? Check out our full blog post on how to view your JLPT results!
We already have a dedicated blog post with practical tips for test day (check it out!), but here are some essential reminders to keep in mind before and during the exam:
1. Bring an analog watch
Sometimes the wall clock is behind you or in a hard-to-see spot. Having your own watch helps you manage time without looking suspicious. Just make sure it’s not a smartwatch, as those are strictly prohibited.
2. Pack extra supplies
Bring multiple sharpened pencils and an extra eraser — better safe than sorry! You don’t want to be stuck with a broken pencil halfway through a timed section.
3. Answer every question
There’s no penalty for wrong answers, so make sure you fill in something for every question, especially if time is running out. Guessing is better than leaving anything blank — you’ve got nothing to lose!
4. Arrive early
It might sound obvious, but make sure to get to the test center at least 30–45 minutes before the exam starts. This buffer time allows you to check in, find your seat, and mentally prepare without feeling rushed. It’s also a great time to visit the restroom — while there are breaks between test sections, you can expect long lines, so going beforehand can save you unnecessary stress.
Plan to take the JLPT? Join a JLPT prep Course at Coto Academy!
Preparing for the JLPT on your own can be challenging. With Coto Academy’s online and in-person JLPT prep courses, you’ll do more than just pass — you’ll unlock your full potential, reach your target score, and go beyond.
Our expert instructors guide you through all test sections, with classes available in Tokyo and online. You can choose between a 3-month intensive course or take more structured, year-round lessons. Ready to get started? Contact us today for a Japanese-level assessment and a free consultation to find the perfect course for you!
Don’t believe us? See our past JLPT success rate story. Love our content and want more free resources on JLPT grammar and vocabulary? Don’t forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel, where we share new learning materials every week.
What is the JLPT?
The Japanese-Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) is a standardized exam that measures and certifies your Japanese language ability. It has five levels: N5 (beginner) to N1 (advanced).
When is the JLPT held?
The JLPT is offered twice a year, typically in July and December. In some countries, it may only be available once a year, so check the official JLPT website or your local test center.
Where can I take the JLPT?
The JLPT is administered in over 90 countries and regions worldwide. Most major cities have test centers. You can find the full list of test locations on the official JLPT website.
How much does the JLPT cost?
The test fee is generally around 5,500 yen (approximately $50 USD), but fees may vary depending on the country or test site.
What is the passing score for the JLPT?
Passing requires meeting both the overall score and minimum sectional score requirements. Each level has different passing criteria, but generally, you need around 60% overall and a minimum score in each section.
Can I take the JLPT multiple times?
Yes, you can take the JLPT as many times as you want. Many learners retake the exam to improve their scores or advance to higher levels.
Can I pass JLPT N5 in 3 months?
If you study intensively and daily, you might be able to pass JLPT N5 within 3 – 6 months.
After mastering hiragana, one of the three Japanese writing systems, the natural next step is to learn katakana, the second Japanese syllabary. Commonly used to write loanwords, katakana represent the same set of sounds as hiragana, but they look completely different.
Katakana characters are typically boxier and more geometric, with sharp corners, in contrast to hiragana’s soft, flowing curves.
Many learners find katakana a bit tricky at first. Some characters look quite similar to each other, and it’s easy to mix them up. But don’t worry! In this guide, we’ll explain what katakana is, when to use it, and provide a free printable katakana chart to help you memorize and practice with ease.
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What is Katakana?
Katakana, written カタカナ, is one of the three main scripts used in the Japanese writing system, alongside hiragana and kanji. It is a phonetic syllabary, meaning that each character represents a specific sound or syllable, not an idea or meaning like kanji.
Katakana consists of 46 basic characters, such as ka (カ), shi (シ), or to (ト), plus their additional modified forms. Both katakana and hiragana — and the Japanese language as a whole — are built around five core vowels: A, I, U, E, and O.
Beyond the basic characters, there are also modified versions that represent long vowels and double consonants. There are also combination sounds like kya, shu, and cho.
The five vowels in katakana and hiragana look something like below:
Katakana
Romanization
Pronunciation
Example
ア
A
ah
“art”
イ
I
ee
“see”
ウ
U
oo
“food”
エ
E
eh
“met”
オ
O
oh
“go”
This system might feel very different if you’re coming from English, which only has 5 vowel letters, but nearly 20 vowel sounds — plus many diphthongs (blended vowel sounds like in ride or loud).
To get started, download this chart, which includes all the katakana characters (including the variations) you’ll be learning on this page.
If you have access to a printer, printing it out can be helpful, but you can also follow along digitally if you prefer, or save them as a picture so you can review them on your phone!
Like hiragana, basic katakana consists of 46 core characters that represent the fundamental sounds of the Japanese language.
However, katakana is especially useful for adapting foreign words, and this is where dakuten, handakuten, and small kana combinations come into play. These diacritical marks allow for more flexible pronunciation in both native and borrowed words.
Dakuten (゛) and handakuten (゜) are small marks that change the pronunciation of certain characters:
Dakuten (゛) adds a voiced sound (e.g. k → g, s → z)
Handakuten (゜) adds a “p” sound (used only with ハ-row sounds)
Here’s how they modify the basic katakana characters through dakuten and handakuten:
K to G
S to Z
T to D
H to B
H to P
カ → ガ (ga)
サ → ザ (za)
タ → ダ (da)
ハ → バ (ba)
ハ → パ (pa)
キ → ギ (gi)
シ → ジ (ji)
チ → ヂ (ji)
ヒ → ビ (bi)
ヒ → ピ (pi)
ク → グ (gu)
ス → ズ (zu)
ツ → ヅ (zu)
フ → ブ (bu)
フ → プ (pu)
ケ → ゲ (ge)
セ → ゼ (ze)
テ → デ (de)
ヘ → ベ (be)
ヘ → ペ (pe)
コ → ゴ (go)
ソ → ゾ (zo)
ト → ド (do)
ホ → ボ (bo)
ホ → ポ (po)
How to Use the Katakana Chart Effectively
Using our katakana chart effectively involves understanding its purpose, practicing regularly, and applying it in context. Here’s a guide to help you make the most out of your Katakana learning:
1. Familiarize yourself with the chart layout
The Katakana chart is organized by consonant-vowel pairs (e.g., ka, ki, ku, ke, ko).
2. Practice slowly
Start by memorizing the basic 46 characters before moving on to extended sounds (like ガ, ギ, グ).
A tip is to learn katakana one consonant line per day — such as starting with the “K” katakana, and then moving on to the “T.” Breaking the whole chart into smaller study sessions helps with retaining the characters more effectively and avoiding burnout.
3. Practice writing each character
Use the stroke order indicated in the chart to write each character neatly. Writing helps reinforce memory and improves your ability to recognize the characters
We even recommend starting to practice writing words with katakana, so you can start applying the letters to real examples.
While hiragana is mainly used for native Japanese words and grammar, Katakana is primarily used for foreign loanwords, though its usage extends far beyond that. Because katakana looks visually distinct from Hiragana, you can easily tell them apart in text, and this difference serves an important purpose.
Ever heard of onomatopoeia? It’s a word that phonetically imitates or suggests the sound it describes.
Japanese onomatopoeia is a bit unique because it doesn’t just mimic sounds—it’s also used to describe movements, feelings, and states. These words are often written in katakana to express sounds or conditions.
You’ll commonly find onomatopoeia in manga, anime, and advertisements.
In the Japanese language, katakana isn’t just used for foreign words. Katakana can also add emphasis, even if those words are traditionally written in hiragana and kanji.
Because katakana has a visually striking, angular shape, it naturally draws the reader’s attention, similar to how italics or boldface work in English.
In fact, you’ll often see katakana used this way in advertisements and signage to make key words pop.
For example:
カラダにいい！ Karada ni ii Good for your body!
彼はすごくカッコイイ！ Kare wa sugoku カッコイイ! He’s really cool!
5. Scientific and technical terms
Yes, katakana is also used for technical and scientific terms, including the scientific names of plants and animals. This convention helps distinguish the word from ordinary Japanese words.
Common Katakana Writing Mistakes to Avoid
Katakana can be tricky because many characters look or sound alike. Here are a few common mix-ups of similar-looking katakana.
1. シ (shi) vs. ツ (tsu)
シ (shi) has three short strokes pointing downward, while ツ (tsu) has strokes pointing to the right.
2. ソ (so) vs. ン (n)
ソ (so) strokes slant down to the left, ン (n)strokes slant down to the right.
3. ヌ (nu) vs. ネ (ne)
Both have diagonal strokes, but ヌ is distinguished by a small loop or hook at the bottom right, while ネ has a more angular shape with straight lines and no loop.
4. ヲ (wo) vs. ヨ (yo)
ヲ (wo) and ヨ (yo) are often mixed up because they both feature multiple horizontal strokes. However, ヲ includes a curved hook on the left side, giving it a more flowing shape, whereas ヨ consists of three straight, separate horizontal lines stacked vertically — like an inverted E!
Conclusion
There is no single way to learn Japanese, but we hope the katakana chart becomes a powerful tool to aid your study. Remember to use the chart alongside flashcards and exercises!
Ready to Start Your Japanese Learning Journey?
So what’s next? After mastering hiragana and katakana, it’s time to learn basic phrases and sentence formation.
Kickstart your journey with Coto Academy, where fun, conversation-focused classes are designed for beginners. Choose from intensive, part-time, or online Japanese courses tailored to help you reach your goals faster!
Katakana is one of the Japanese syllabaries mainly used for writing foreign loanwords, foreign names, onomatopoeia, scientific terms, and sometimes for emphasis, similar to italics in English.
How many characters are in katakana?
Katakana has 46 basic characters representing distinct syllables, plus a few additional combinations.
What is the difference between katakana and hiragana?
Both represent the same set of sounds but are used differently. Hiragana is mostly used for native Japanese words and grammar particles, while katakana is used for foreign words, names, and emphasis.
Are there any exceptions or irregularities in katakana pronunciation?
Katakana generally follows consistent phonetic rules, but some loanwords may adapt pronunciation to fit Japanese phonology, which can sound slightly different from the original.
Have you ever heard of 「はにわ」ー Haniwa? Haniwa are ancient and mysterious clay statues dating back to the Kofun period (around 250 CE to 538 CE), said to protect the deceased. They were made of terra-cotta, or unglazed fired clay, and were often lined up around the burial tombs of very influential people. However, their function and symbolism is still somewhat unknown even to this day. They, nonetheless, became very valuable resources into understanding the lifestyle and culture of the Kofun period.
Overtime, haniwa evolved to have different shapes, thus play different roles in burial rituals. Haniwa were often crafted into different people such as aristocrats, warriors, farmers, shrine maidens, and so on. This gave us insight into each occupational clothing and accessories, and possessions, etc of the time. Also, for Haniwa in the form of a horse, as those with a higher status own more horses, more of them were created than any other animal to show the owner’s scale of influence and displayed around the burial mound.
In the beginning of the Kofun period, Haniwa were only made into hollow cylindrical shapes but later they started taking various forms such as people, animals, houses, and boats. But what role did haniwa really have in this ancient society?
Writing systems did not exist during the Kofun period, but historians were able to gather some evidence that a powerful kingdom emerged which started constructing monumental tombs taking up huge amounts of land. So, Haniwa may have been used as markers to define the perimeter of the tomb and protect the deceased from the world of the living. Later as they started to being molded to look like humans such as warriors, they may have played the role as protector of the deceased in the supernatural world.
Haniwa in Modern Times
Actually, Haniwa’s somewhat relaxed appearances and expressions have garnered popularity. They have stealthily become a fad pioneering different “mascot characters”!!
In 2018, Japan’s first Haniwa popularity vote called “Gunma HANI-1 (hani-wan) Grand Prix” was held in Gunma Prefecture. Voting was conducted to decide the winner out of about 100 haniwa. Voting began on July 18th and went on for a month with a total of 24,222 votes! The top places were “the laughing haniwa,” in second place is “Gunma-chan haniwa,” in third place is “the horse rider”.
In December 2024, the Tokyo National Art Museum held a Haniwa art exhibit. The exhibition consisted of different phases from unearthed haniwa artifacts to the aesthetics of haniwa that permeated art and popular culture. Haniwa have been integral in helping artists reimagine Japanese mythology and even influenced characters in manga and fiction.
Knowing about Haniwa will not only impress your Japanese friends or teachers, but they may deepen your understanding of Japanese history and culture. They give us some insight into ancient history in Japan and the reverence placed on providing a space for the departed. Showing respect for intentional spaces is still an important concept in Japanese culture to this day. I also think that haniwa shows Japan’s long history of making characters with simple aesthetics while capturing a certain concept or purpose. From modern manifestations like hello kitty, to different folkloric creatures like kappa, Haniwa might be a testament for Japan’s love for symbolic characters.
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Coto Japanese Academy started as a group of volunteer Japanese language teachers to help international residents transition smoothly to Japan. We focus on teaching Japanese for daily life situations, effectively assisting international residents to learn Japanese beyond the contents of standard textbooks. From there, we have helped 15,000 students achieve Japanese fluency, opened four campuses around Tokyo and Yokohama, created an online learning platform, and even published our first Japanese learning textbook, Nihongo Fun and Easy.
