{"id":93021,"date":"2025-10-28T17:35:31","date_gmt":"2025-10-28T08:35:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/fr\/?p=93021"},"modified":"2025-10-28T17:42:52","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T08:42:52","slug":"guide-systeme-ecriture-japonais-kanji-hiragana-katakana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/fr\/guide-systeme-ecriture-japonais-kanji-hiragana-katakana\/","title":{"rendered":"Apprendre le syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9criture japonais : votre guide simple et illustr\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Le hiragana, le katakana et le kanji composent le syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9criture japonais. Lorsque l\u2019on commence \u00e0 apprendre le japonais, comprendre comment lire et \u00e9crire peut sembler accablant. Apr\u00e8s tout, c\u2019est un syst\u00e8me totalement diff\u00e9rent de notre alphabet latin ! Et l\u00e0, on d\u00e9couvre qu\u2019il existe non pas un, mais&nbsp;<strong>trois syst\u00e8mes d\u2019\u00e9criture utilis\u00e9s simultan\u00e9ment<\/strong>. Comment est-ce possible ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pas de panique, ces syst\u00e8mes sont plus simples qu\u2019il n\u2019y para\u00eet ! Chacun poss\u00e8de des caract\u00e9ristiques et des usages bien d\u00e9finis. Une fois que vous les comprenez, lire et \u00e9crire le japonais devient beaucoup plus accessible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nous avons r\u00e9dig\u00e9 des articles plus d\u00e9taill\u00e9s sur chaque syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9criture japonais. N\u2019oubliez pas de consulter notre&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/learning-hiragana-hiragana-chart-practice-sheets-apps-online-quiz\/\">tableau des hiragana t\u00e9l\u00e9chargeable<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;ainsi qu\u2019un quiz pour approfondir votre apprentissage avec des ressources compl\u00e9mentaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1\"><strong>Origines de l\u2019alphabet japonais<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Connaissez-vous l\u2019histoire et l\u2019origine des hiragana et katakana ? \u00c0 l\u2019origine, les Japonais&nbsp;<strong>n\u2019avaient pas de syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9criture<\/strong>. Ce n\u2019est qu\u2019<strong>au Ve si\u00e8cle<\/strong>&nbsp;qu\u2019ils commenc\u00e8rent \u00e0 utiliser les kanji, des id\u00e9ogrammes adopt\u00e9s depuis la Chine et la Cor\u00e9e. Mais au lieu de s\u2019en servir pour leur sens, ils en ont principalement utilis\u00e9&nbsp;<strong>la prononciation phon\u00e9tique<\/strong>. \u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, ces caract\u00e8res \u00e9taient appel\u00e9s&nbsp;<strong>many\u014dgana (\u4e07\u8449\u4eee\u540d)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cependant, les kanji comportent de nombreux traits et sont assez longs \u00e0 \u00e9crire, comme vous l\u2019avez s\u00fbrement remarqu\u00e9 ! En raison de leur complexit\u00e9, ces id\u00e9ogrammes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement simplifi\u00e9s pour donner naissance aux alphabets kana :&nbsp;<strong>le hiragana et le katakana<\/strong>. Ces syst\u00e8mes sont appel\u00e9s&nbsp;<strong>syllabaires<\/strong>, car chaque caract\u00e8re repr\u00e9sente&nbsp;<strong>un son<\/strong>&nbsp;unique dans la langue japonaise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u2019apr\u00e8s les historiens, ce changement aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 initi\u00e9 par des&nbsp;<strong>moines bouddhistes<\/strong>, convaincus que les kanji ne repr\u00e9sentaient pas fid\u00e8lement la langue japonaise. Selon eux,&nbsp;<strong>un alphabet phon\u00e9tique \u00e9tait plus adapt\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-exemples-de-transformation\"><strong>Exemples de transformation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 gauche, vous trouverez le caract\u00e8re&nbsp;<em>many\u014dgana<\/em>&nbsp;d\u2019origine, et \u00e0 droite ses versions simplifi\u00e9es en&nbsp;<strong>hiragana<\/strong>&nbsp;et&nbsp;<strong>katakana<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5b89 \u2192 \u3042 | \u963f \u2192 \u30a2 (<em>a<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4ee5 \u2192 \u3044 | \u4f0a \u2192 \u30a4 (<em>i<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b87 \u2192 \u3046 | \u30a6 (<em>u<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8863 \u2192 \u3048 | \u6c5f \u2192 \u30a8 (<em>e<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u65bc \u2192 \u304a | \u30aa (<em>o<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette transformation aurait eu lieu entre le&nbsp;<strong>VIII\u1d49 et le IX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Le&nbsp;<strong>hiragana<\/strong>&nbsp;peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une version&nbsp;<strong>calligraphi\u00e9e et simplifi\u00e9e<\/strong>&nbsp;des traits de kanji.<br>\ud83d\udc49 Le&nbsp;<strong>katakana<\/strong>, quant \u00e0 lui, est&nbsp;<strong>extrait d\u2019un seul \u00e9l\u00e9ment<\/strong>&nbsp;du kanji d\u2019origine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans certains cas, les hiragana et katakana proviennent de&nbsp;<strong>kanji diff\u00e9rents<\/strong>, bien qu\u2019ils repr\u00e9sentent&nbsp;<strong>le m\u00eame son<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Certains hiragana et katakana ont des&nbsp;<strong>formes similaires<\/strong>, comme :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u308a (hiragana) et \u30ea (katakana)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tandis que d\u2019autres sont&nbsp;<strong>tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rents<\/strong>&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u3042 (hiragana) et \u30a2 (katakana)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>En r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le&nbsp;<strong>hiragana<\/strong>&nbsp;a un style plus&nbsp;<strong>cursif<\/strong>, avec des courbes douces.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le&nbsp;<strong>katakana<\/strong>&nbsp;est plus&nbsp;<strong>anguleux<\/strong>, avec des lignes droites et nettes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f \u00c0 noter :&nbsp;<strong>Un m\u00eame son peut avoir plusieurs hiragana<\/strong>&nbsp;!<br>En&nbsp;<strong>1900<\/strong>, les deux syllabaires, hiragana et katakana, ont \u00e9t\u00e9&nbsp;<strong>normalis\u00e9s<\/strong>, et c\u2019est en&nbsp;<strong>1946<\/strong>&nbsp;que les r\u00e8gles du syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9criture japonais ont \u00e9t\u00e9&nbsp;<strong>officiellement \u00e9tablies<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2\">Syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9criture japonais #1 : Le hiragana (\u3072\u3089\u304c\u306a)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Lorsque l\u2019on commence \u00e0 apprendre le japonais, le&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/fr\/hiragana-tableau-et-exercices\/\">hiragana<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement le premier syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9criture \u00e9tudi\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Techniquement, le hiragana est un&nbsp;<strong>syllabaire<\/strong>&nbsp;: cela signifie que chaque symbole repr\u00e9sente une&nbsp;<strong>syllabe enti\u00e8re<\/strong>&nbsp;(comme \u00ab&nbsp;<em>ba<\/em>&nbsp;\u00bb ou \u00ab&nbsp;<em>to<\/em>&nbsp;\u00bb), et non un son isol\u00e9 (comme \u00ab&nbsp;<em>b<\/em>&nbsp;\u00bb ou \u00ab&nbsp;<em>t<\/em>&nbsp;\u00bb).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u27a1\ufe0f En effet,&nbsp;<strong>tous les mots japonais<\/strong>&nbsp;sont construits \u00e0 partir de ces petites unit\u00e9s sonores, donc il n\u2019est&nbsp;<strong>pas n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019\u00e9crire des sons individuels<\/strong>&nbsp;comme en fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Il existe&nbsp;<strong>46 syllabes de base<\/strong>&nbsp;en hiragana, regroup\u00e9es en lignes par consonnes :<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Voyelles seules :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a (\u3042), i (\u3044), u (\u3046), e (\u3048), o (\u304a)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ligne K :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ka (\u304b), ki (\u304d), ku (\u304f), ke (\u3051), ko (\u3053)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ligne S :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>sa (\u3055),&nbsp;<strong>shi<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u3057), su (\u3059), se (\u305b), so (\u305d)<br><em>(Note : le son \u201csi\u201d devient \u201cshi\u201d en japonais)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ligne T :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ta (\u305f),&nbsp;<strong>chi<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u3061),&nbsp;<strong>tsu<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u3064), te (\u3066), to (\u3068)<br><em>(Note : \u201cti\u201d et \u201ctu\u201d deviennent \u201cchi\u201d et \u201ctsu\u201d)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ligne N :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>na (\u306a), ni (\u306b), nu (\u306c), ne (\u306d), no (\u306e)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ligne H :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ha (\u306f), hi (\u3072),&nbsp;<strong>fu<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u3075), he (\u3078), ho (\u307b)<br><em>(Note : \u201chu\u201d est prononc\u00e9 \u201cfu\u201d)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ligne M :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ma (\u307e), mi (\u307f), mu (\u3080), me (\u3081), mo (\u3082)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ligne Y :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ya (\u3084),&nbsp;<em>\u2014<\/em>, yu (\u3086),&nbsp;<em>\u2014<\/em>, yo (\u3088)<br><em>(Il n\u2019y a pas de \u00ab yi \u00bb ou \u00ab ye \u00bb)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ligne R :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ra (\u3089), ri (\u308a), ru (\u308b), re (\u308c), ro (\u308d)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sons isol\u00e9s :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>wa (\u308f), o\/wo (\u3092), n (\u3093)<br><em>(Le caract\u00e8re \u00ab \u3092 \u00bb se prononce souvent simplement \u00ab o \u00bb et \u00ab \u3093 \u00bb est une syllabe \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-en-plus-de-ces-46-sons-de-base-il-existe-23-syllabes-additionnelles-obtenues-grace-a-l-ajout-de-marques-diacritiques-appelees-dakuten-ou-handakuten\">En plus de ces 46 sons de base, il existe\u00a0<strong>23 syllabes additionnelles<\/strong>, obtenues gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019ajout de marques diacritiques appel\u00e9es\u00a0<strong>dakuten<\/strong>\u00a0(\u309b) ou\u00a0<strong>handakuten<\/strong>\u00a0(\u309c). <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En voici quelques exemples :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ligne G :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ga (\u304c), gi (\u304e), gu (\u3050), ge (\u3052), go (\u3054)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ligne Z :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>za (\u3056),&nbsp;<strong>ji<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u3058), zu (\u305a), ze (\u305c), zo (\u305e)<br><em>(\u201cji\u201d est utilis\u00e9 \u00e0 la place de \u201czi\u201d)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ligne D :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>da (\u3060),&nbsp;<strong>ji<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u3062),&nbsp;<strong>zu<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u3065), de (\u3067), do (\u3069)<br><em>(Attention : les sons \u00ab ji \u00bb et \u00ab zu \u00bb existent en deux versions diff\u00e9rentes, selon leur origine)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ligne B :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ba (\u3070), bi (\u3073), bu (\u3076), be (\u3079), bo (\u307c)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ligne P (avec le handakuten) :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>pa (\u3071), pi (\u3074), pu (\u3077), pe (\u307a), po (\u307d)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ecrire-les-hiragana\">\u00c9crire les hiragana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Maintenant que nous avons vu les sons de base, voyons&nbsp;<strong>comment ces syllabes s\u2019\u00e9crivent en hiragana<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Hiragana-724x1024.png\" alt=\"hiragana chart\" class=\"wp-image-78200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/05\/Hiragana-724x1024.png 724w, https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/05\/Hiragana-212x300.png 212w, https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/05\/Hiragana-768x1086.png 768w, https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/05\/Hiragana-1086x1536.png 1086w, https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/05\/Hiragana.png 1240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Combinaisons avec \u3084 (ya)\u3001\u3086 (yu)\u3001\u3088 (yo)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il est possible de&nbsp;<strong>combiner une consonne avec les sons&nbsp;<em>ya<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>yu<\/em>&nbsp;ou&nbsp;<em>yo<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;en&nbsp;<strong>ajoutant un petit caract\u00e8re<\/strong>&nbsp;\u3084\u3001\u3086 ou \u3088 \u00e0 une syllabe se terminant par \u00ab i \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Par exemple :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u306b (ni) + \u3088 \u2192 \u306b\u3087 (nyo)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u304d (ki) + \u3084 \u2192 \u304d\u3083 (kya)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3057 (shi) + \u3085 \u2192 \u3057\u3085 (shu)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les 23 sons additionnels<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme \u00e9voqu\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment,&nbsp;<strong>23 nouvelles syllabes<\/strong>&nbsp;sont obtenues en ajoutant des marques appel\u00e9es&nbsp;<strong>diacritiques<\/strong>&nbsp;aux hiragana de base.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Voici ces lignes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ligne G :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u304c (ga), \u304e (gi), \u3050 (gu), \u3052 (ge), \u3054 (go)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ligne Z :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u3056 (za), \u3058 (ji), \u305a (zu), \u305c (ze), \u305e (zo)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ligne D :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u3060 (da), \u3062 (ji), \u3065 (zu), \u3067 (de), \u3069 (do)<br><em>(Note : \u3058 et \u3062 se prononcent toutes deux \u201cji\u201d mais ont des usages diff\u00e9rents \u2014 m\u00eame chose pour \u305a et \u3065)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ligne B :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u3070 (ba), \u3073 (bi), \u3076 (bu), \u3079 (be), \u307c (bo)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ligne P :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u3071 (pa), \u3074 (pi), \u3077 (pu), \u307a (pe), \u307d (po)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-remarque-quelque-chose\">Remarqu\u00e9 quelque chose ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces sons sont en fait&nbsp;<strong>les m\u00eames hiragana que ceux des lignes K, S, T, H<\/strong>, etc.,&nbsp;<strong>auxquels on ajoute un signe diacritique<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Deux petites barres&nbsp;<strong>\u309b<\/strong>&nbsp;(appel\u00e9es&nbsp;<strong>dakuten<\/strong>) : elles transforment le son (ex. :&nbsp;<em>ka<\/em>&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp;<em>ga<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Un petit cercle&nbsp;<strong>\u309c<\/strong>&nbsp;(appel\u00e9&nbsp;<strong>handakuten<\/strong>) : utilis\u00e9 seulement avec la ligne H pour produire les sons en P (ex. :&nbsp;<em>ha<\/em>&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp;<em>pa<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bonne nouvelle :<\/strong>&nbsp;pas besoin d\u2019apprendre de nouveaux symboles \u2014 il suffit de reconna\u00eetre les modifications avec les diacritiques !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sons-contractes-combinaisons-avec-\u3084-\u3086-\u3088\">Sons contract\u00e9s (combinaisons avec \u3084\u3001\u3086\u3001\u3088)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En japonais, on trouve aussi des&nbsp;<strong>sons contract\u00e9s<\/strong>, qui sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme&nbsp;<strong>une seule syllabe<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ils s\u2019obtiennent en combinant :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>une syllabe en \u00ab i \u00bb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>avec une&nbsp;<strong>petite version<\/strong>&nbsp;de \u3084\u3001\u3086 ou \u3088<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Voici les principales combinaisons par ligne :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Ligne<\/th><th>Combinaisons<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>K<\/td><td>\u304d\u3083 (kya), \u304d\u3085 (kyu), \u304d\u3087 (kyo)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S<\/td><td>\u3057\u3083 (sha), \u3057\u3085 (shu), \u3057\u3087 (sho)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T<\/td><td>\u3061\u3083 (cha), \u3061\u3085 (chu), \u3061\u3087 (cho)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>N<\/td><td>\u306b\u3083 (nya), \u306b\u3085 (nyu), \u306b\u3087 (nyo)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>H<\/td><td>\u3072\u3083 (hya), \u3072\u3085 (hyu), \u3072\u3087 (hyo)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M<\/td><td>\u307f\u3083 (mya), \u307f\u3085 (myu), \u307f\u3087 (myo)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>R<\/td><td>\u308a\u3083 (rya), \u308a\u3085 (ryu), \u308a\u3087 (ryo)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>G<\/td><td>\u304e\u3083 (gya), \u304e\u3085 (gyu), \u304e\u3087 (gyo)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Z<\/td><td>\u3058\u3083 (ja), \u3058\u3085 (ju), \u3058\u3087 (jo)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>B<\/td><td>\u3073\u3083 (bya), \u3073\u3085 (byu), \u3073\u3087 (byo)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P<\/td><td>\u3074\u3083 (pya), \u3074\u3085 (pyu), \u3074\u3087 (pyo)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f Attention :&nbsp;<strong>certaines syllabes contract\u00e9es perdent l\u00e9g\u00e8rement le son \u201cy\u201d<\/strong>&nbsp;dans leur prononciation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-comment-utiliser-les-hiragana\">Comment utiliser les hiragana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les&nbsp;hiragana sont les v\u00e9ritables couteaux suisses&nbsp;de l\u2019\u00e9criture japonaise ! Ils repr\u00e9sentent&nbsp;<strong>toutes les syllabes de la langue japonaise<\/strong>, ce qui les rend tr\u00e8s polyvalents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Voici dans quels cas les hiragana sont utilis\u00e9s :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Terminaisons de verbes<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Particules grammaticales<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u306f, \u3092, \u304c, \u306b, etc.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mots grammaticaux<\/strong>&nbsp;comme les conjonctions (\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070, \u305d\u3057\u3066, \u3067\u3082, etc.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mots d\u2019origine japonaise<\/strong>&nbsp;sans kanji attribu\u00e9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mots rares ou peu courants<\/strong>, pour lesquels les kanji ne sont pas utilis\u00e9s<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Furigana<\/strong>&nbsp;: hiragana plac\u00e9s&nbsp;<strong>au-dessus d\u2019un kanji<\/strong>&nbsp;pour en indiquer la prononciation. Tr\u00e8s utile pour les d\u00e9butants ou dans les livres pour enfants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-les-voyelles-longues-et-les-consonnes-doublees-en-hiragana\">Les voyelles longues et les consonnes doubl\u00e9es en hiragana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-consonnes-doublees\">Consonnes doubl\u00e9es<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>En japonais, une&nbsp;<strong>consonne double<\/strong>&nbsp;est indiqu\u00e9e par un petit caract\u00e8re&nbsp;<strong>\u3063 (appel\u00e9 &#8220;petit tsu&#8221;)<\/strong>, plac\u00e9&nbsp;<strong>avant<\/strong>&nbsp;la consonne \u00e0 doubler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Exemple :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u52dd\u3063\u305f (katta, \u201ca gagn\u00e9\u201d) \u2192 s\u2019\u00e9crit en hiragana :&nbsp;<strong>\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le petit \u3063 vient avant la deuxi\u00e8me consonne \u201ct\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 Astuce : ce petit &#8220;tsu&#8221; marque une pause ou une tension dans la prononciation \u2014&nbsp;<strong>il ne se prononce pas vraiment<\/strong>, mais on l&#8217;entend comme un arr\u00eat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-voyelles-longues\">Voyelles longues<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Une voyelle longue signifie que le son de la voyelle est&nbsp;<strong>prolong\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En hiragana, cela se fait en&nbsp;<strong>ajoutant une autre voyelle<\/strong>&nbsp;en fonction du son d\u2019origine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Voici un tableau explicatif :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Son de voyelle<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Prolong\u00e9 avec\u2026<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Exemple<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>a<\/td><td>\u3042<\/td><td>\u304a\u3070\u3042\u3055\u3093 (ob\u0101san = grand-m\u00e8re)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>i, e<\/td><td>\u3044<\/td><td>\u304a\u304a\u304d\u3044 (\u014dkii = grand), \u304d\u308c\u3044 (kirei = joli)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>u, o<\/td><td>\u3046<\/td><td>\u3053\u3046\u3053\u3046 (k\u014dk\u014d = lyc\u00e9e), \u304f\u3046\u304d (k\u016bki = air)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f \u00c0 noter : cette r\u00e8gle de prolongement des voyelles est&nbsp;<strong>tr\u00e8s fr\u00e9quente<\/strong>&nbsp;en japonais et essentielle pour bien diff\u00e9rencier des mots qui peuvent sembler identiques (ex. \u3058\u3053 vs \u3058\u3053\u3046).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-exemple-exemple-d-une-phrase-en-hiragana\">Exemple Exemple d\u2019une phrase en hiragana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Commen\u00e7ons par une phrase toute simple :<br><strong>\u00ab Le nom de mon animal de compagnie est Bob. \u00bb<\/strong>&nbsp;(Quel dr\u00f4le de nom pour un animal !)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En&nbsp;<strong>hiragana<\/strong>, cela s\u2019\u00e9crit :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e \u307a\u3063\u3068 \u306e \u306a\u307e\u3048 \u306f \u307c\u3076 \u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br>Watashi no petto no namae wa bobu desu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme tu peux le voir, on peut \u00e9crire une phrase compl\u00e8te&nbsp;<strong>uniquement en hiragana<\/strong>&nbsp;!<br>C\u2019est d\u2019ailleurs comme cela que&nbsp;<strong>les enfants japonais<\/strong>&nbsp;commencent \u00e0 apprendre la lecture et l\u2019\u00e9criture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bien s\u00fbr, plus tu progresses et plus tu vas apprendre \u00e0 remplacer certains mots par des&nbsp;<strong>kanji<\/strong>&nbsp;(comme \u540d\u524d pour \u201cnamae\u201d) ou des mots en&nbsp;<strong>katakana<\/strong>&nbsp;(comme \u30da\u30c3\u30c8 pour \u201cpetto\u201d = animal domestique).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cependant, certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments restent en hiragana, comme :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>les&nbsp;<strong>particules grammaticales<\/strong>&nbsp;\u306e (no) et \u306f (wa),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les verbes simples comme \u3067\u3059 (desu), ou les auxiliaires.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-conseils-pour-ecrire-en-japonais\">Conseils pour \u00e9crire en japonais<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Il n\u2019y a&nbsp;<strong>pas d\u2019espace<\/strong>&nbsp;entre les mots en japonais<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 la diff\u00e9rence du fran\u00e7ais, le japonais&nbsp;<strong>s\u2019\u00e9crit sans espaces<\/strong>.<br>Pour faciliter la lecture, les Japonais utilisent un&nbsp;<strong>m\u00e9lange de hiragana, kanji et katakana<\/strong>, ce qui permet de distinguer les mots \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur d\u2019une phrase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd0d D\u2019ailleurs, une phrase 100 % en hiragana est souvent&nbsp;<strong>plus difficile \u00e0 lire<\/strong>, m\u00eame pour les natifs, qu\u2019une phrase qui utilise des kanji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Attention aux hiragana qui&nbsp;<strong>se ressemblent<\/strong>&nbsp;!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Plusieurs caract\u00e8res ont une&nbsp;<strong>forme proche<\/strong>&nbsp;et sont souvent confondus par les d\u00e9butants.<br>Voici quelques exemples :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u3064 (tsu) vs \u3059 (su)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u308d (ro), \u308c (re), \u308b (ru)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u306c (nu) vs \u3081 (me)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 Conseil : prends bien ton temps au d\u00e9but, et entra\u00eene-toi \u00e0 les&nbsp;<strong>\u00e9crire lentement<\/strong>&nbsp;pour bien voir la diff\u00e9rence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Le&nbsp;<strong>sens et l\u2019ordre des traits<\/strong>&nbsp;sont importants<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Quand tu \u00e9cris un caract\u00e8re japonais, il y a&nbsp;<strong>un ordre de trac\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifique \u00e0 respecter<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pourquoi est-ce important ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cela permet de&nbsp;<strong>mieux m\u00e9moriser<\/strong>&nbsp;chaque caract\u00e8re.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ton \u00e9criture sera&nbsp;<strong>plus lisible<\/strong>&nbsp;et naturelle.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cela t\u2019aidera aussi \u00e0&nbsp;<strong>deviner comment \u00e9crire<\/strong>&nbsp;de nouveaux caract\u00e8res plus tard.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u270d\ufe0f S\u2019exercer \u00e0 bien \u00e9crire chaque caract\u00e8re, m\u00eame \u00e0 la main, reste un excellent moyen de progresser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3\">Syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9criture japonais #2 :&nbsp;<strong>Le Katakana<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/katakana_hiragana_chart-724x1024.png\" alt=\"Katakana  Chart for Japanese learners\" class=\"wp-image-85649\" title=\"This chart will help you learn and memorize Katakana\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/05\/katakana_hiragana_chart-724x1024.png 724w, https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/05\/katakana_hiragana_chart-212x300.png 212w, https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/05\/katakana_hiragana_chart-768x1086.png 768w, https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/05\/katakana_hiragana_chart-1086x1536.png 1086w, https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/05\/katakana_hiragana_chart.png 1240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s avoir appris les&nbsp;<strong>hiragana<\/strong>, il est logique de passer au&nbsp;<strong>katakana<\/strong>.<br>Le&nbsp;<strong>katakana fonctionne exactement comme le hiragana<\/strong>&nbsp;: chaque symbole repr\u00e9sente une syllabe, mais les caract\u00e8res sont diff\u00e9rents. Certains sont m\u00eame&nbsp;<strong>visuellement proches<\/strong>&nbsp;de leurs \u00e9quivalents en hiragana !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u2019ailleurs, on regroupe souvent&nbsp;<strong>hiragana et katakana<\/strong>&nbsp;sous le nom de&nbsp;<strong>kana<\/strong>, car ils partagent le m\u00eame principe phon\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ecriture-des-katakana-de-base\">\u00c9criture des katakana de base<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Les voyelles<\/td><td>\u30a2(a), \u30a4(i), \u30a6(u), \u30a8(e), \u30aa(o)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ligne K<\/td><td>\u30ab (ka), \u30ad(ki), \u30af(ku), \u30b1(ke), \u30b3(ko)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ligne S<\/td><td>\u30b5(sa), \u30b7(shi), \u30b9(su), \u30bb(se), \u30bd(so)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ligne T<\/td><td>\u30bf(ta), \u30c1(chi),\u30c4(tsu), \u30c6(te), \u30c8(to)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ligne H<\/td><td>\u30cf(ha), \u30d2(hi), \u30d5(fu), \u3078(he), \u30db(ho)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ligne N<\/td><td>\u30ca(na), \u30cb(ni), \u30cc(nu), \u30cd(ne), \u30ce(no)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ligne M<\/td><td>\u30de(ma), \u30df(mi), \u30e0(mu), \u30e1(me), \u30e2(mo)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ligne Y<\/td><td>\u30e4(ya), \u30e6(yu), \u30e8(yo)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ligne R<\/td><td>\u30e9(ra), \u30ea(ri), \u30eb(ru), \u30ec(re), \u30ed(ro).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sons particuliers<\/td><td>\u30ef(wa), \u30f2(o\/wo), and \u30f3(n).<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sons-modifies-avec-marques-diacritiques\">Sons modifi\u00e9s (avec marques diacritiques)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme en hiragana, il existe&nbsp;<strong>23 sons suppl\u00e9mentaires<\/strong>, modifi\u00e9s avec les marques dakuten (\u309b) ou handakuten (\u309c) :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Ligne G <\/td><td>\u30ac (ga), \u30ae (gi), \u30b0 (gu), \u30b2 (ge), \u30b4 (go)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ligne Z <\/td><td>\u30b6 (za), \u30b8 (ji), \u30ba (zu), \u30bc (ze), \u30be (zo)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ligne D<\/td><td> \u30c0 (da), \u30c2 (ji), \u30c5 (zu), \u30c7 (de), \u30c9 (do)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ligne B <\/td><td>\u30d0 (ba), \u30d3 (bi), \u30d6 (bu), \u30d9 (be), \u30dc (bo)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ligne P <\/td><td>\u30d1 (pa), \u30d4 (pi), \u30d7 (pu), \u30da (pe), \u30dd (po)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sons contract\u00e9s et sons \u00e9trangers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Les&nbsp;<strong>sons contract\u00e9s<\/strong>&nbsp;(kya, shu, etc.) sont form\u00e9s&nbsp;<strong>de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re qu\u2019en hiragana<\/strong>&nbsp;: on ajoute un petit \u30e4, \u30e6 ou \u30e8 apr\u00e8s une syllabe en -i. Mais le&nbsp;<strong>katakana permet aussi de transcrire des sons \u00e9trangers<\/strong>&nbsp;que le japonais ne poss\u00e8de pas \u00e0 l\u2019origine, en combinant&nbsp;<strong>des petites voyelles avec des consonnes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Exemples :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u30ab\u30d5\u30a7 (kafe) \u2014 caf\u00e9 \u2192 \u30d5\u30a7 = &#8220;fe&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u30d1\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc (paatii) \u2014 f\u00eate \u2192 \u30c6\u30a3 = &#8220;ti&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u30cf\u30ed\u30a6\u30a3\u30fc\u30f3 (harowiin) \u2014 Halloween \u2192 \u30a6\u30a3 = &#8220;wi&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est ce qui rend le katakana&nbsp;<strong>particuli\u00e8rement utile<\/strong>&nbsp;pour les mots d\u2019origine \u00e9trang\u00e8re !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Katakana vs Hiragana : comment les reconna\u00eetre ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Les&nbsp;<strong>katakana ont un style plus anguleux et g\u00e9om\u00e9trique<\/strong>&nbsp;que les hiragana.<br>Ils comportent plus de&nbsp;<strong>lignes droites<\/strong>&nbsp;et moins de courbes.<br>C\u2019est l\u2019un des moyens les plus simples de les distinguer en un coup d\u2019\u0153il.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lire aussi :&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/fr\/katakana-guide\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/fr\/katakana-guide\/\">Guide Complet pour Ma\u00eetriser ce Syllabaire Japonais<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-and-when-to-use-katakana-quand-et-comment-utiliser-le-katakana\">How and When to Use Katakana Quand et comment utiliser le katakana ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Un autre moyen de distinguer&nbsp;<strong>le katakana<\/strong>&nbsp;des autres syst\u00e8mes d\u2019\u00e9criture japonais, c\u2019est par&nbsp;<strong>son usage<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Mots \u00e9trangers (les \u00ab <a href=\"https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/loanwords-japanese-non-english-gairaigo\/\">loanwords<\/a> \u00bb)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le katakana est principalement utilis\u00e9 pour \u00e9crire des&nbsp;<strong>mots \u00e9trangers<\/strong>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire des mots emprunt\u00e9s \u00e0 d\u2019autres langues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Par exemple :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u30cf\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u30ac\u30fc<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>hanb\u0101g\u0101<\/em>) \u2192 hamburger (anglais)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30a2\u30eb\u30d0\u30a4\u30c8<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>arubaito<\/em>) \u2192 petit boulot (vient de l\u2019allemand&nbsp;<em>Arbeit<\/em>, travail)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est aussi dans&nbsp;<strong>le katakana<\/strong>&nbsp;que l\u2019on \u00e9crit&nbsp;<strong>les pr\u00e9noms non-japonais<\/strong>, les noms de pays, marques, plats internationaux, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-onomatopees-et-sons\">2. Onomatop\u00e9es et sons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le katakana est aussi utilis\u00e9 pour \u00e9crire des&nbsp;<strong>onomatop\u00e9es<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 ces mots qui imitent un son ou une ambiance :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u30d4\u30ab\u30d4\u30ab<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>pikapika<\/em>) \u2014 scintillement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30ac\u30c1\u30e3<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>gacha<\/em>) \u2014 cliquetis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30ef\u30f3\u30ef\u30f3<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>wanwan<\/em>) \u2014 aboiement du chien<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>On les retrouve partout : dans les mangas, les pubs, les dessins anim\u00e9s\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-mettre-un-mot-en-valeur\">3. Mettre un mot en valeur<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme&nbsp;<strong>l\u2019italique ou le gras en fran\u00e7ais<\/strong>, le katakana permet d\u2019<strong>accentuer un mot<\/strong>&nbsp;dans une phrase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est tr\u00e8s fr\u00e9quent dans les&nbsp;<strong>panneaux publicitaires<\/strong>, les menus ou les emballages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Exemples :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u30e1\u30ac\u30cd<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>megane<\/em>) \u2014 lunettes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30e9\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>r\u0101men<\/em>) \u2014 ramen<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00eame si ce sont des mots japonais, ils sont \u00e9crits en katakana pour&nbsp;<strong>attirer l\u2019attention<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les voyelles longues et consonnes doubles en katakana<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Voyelles longues<\/strong><br>Bonne nouvelle : en katakana, c\u2019est simple !<br>Les&nbsp;<strong>voyelles longues<\/strong>&nbsp;sont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par&nbsp;<strong>un simple trait horizontal<\/strong>&nbsp;: \u300c\u30fc\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Exemple :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u30a2\u30fc\u30c8<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>\u0101to<\/em>) \u2192 \u201cart\u201d \u2192 le trait prolonge le &#8220;a&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Consonnes doubles<\/strong><br>On utilise le petit&nbsp;<strong>\u300c\u30c3\u300d (tsu)<\/strong>&nbsp;pour indiquer une&nbsp;<strong>consonne doubl\u00e9e<\/strong>, comme en hiragana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Exemple :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u30d0\u30c3\u30b0<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>baggu<\/em>) \u2192 \u201csac\u201d \u2192 le petit tsu sert \u00e0 allonger le son &#8220;g&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-exemple-en-contexte\">Exemple en contexte<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Souviens-toi de notre animal de compagnie au pr\u00e9nom rigolo ? Voici la phrase de tout \u00e0 l\u2019heure, mais cette fois&nbsp;<strong>avec du katakana<\/strong>. Saurez-vous deviner&nbsp;<strong>quelles parties sont \u00e9crites en katakana<\/strong>&nbsp;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e\u30da\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u306a\u307e\u3048\u306f \u30dc\u30d6 \u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br><em>Watashi no petto no namae wa Bobu desu.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 R\u00e9ponse :&nbsp;<strong>\u30da\u30c3\u30c8<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>petto<\/em>) et&nbsp;<strong>\u30dc\u30d6<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>Bobu<\/em>) sont des&nbsp;<strong>mots d\u2019origine \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/strong>, donc \u00e9crits en katakana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le katakana est donc&nbsp;<strong>un excellent moyen de clarifier visuellement une phrase<\/strong>, surtout en japonais o\u00f9&nbsp;<strong>il n\u2019y a pas d\u2019espaces<\/strong>&nbsp;entre les mots !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-quelle-est-la-difference-entre-le-hiragana-et-le-katakana\">Quelle est la diff\u00e9rence entre le hiragana et le katakana ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais alors, pourquoi y a-t-il&nbsp;<strong>deux syllabaires japonais<\/strong>&nbsp;? Est-ce simplement une question de style ? Pas du tout !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chaque syllabaire a son&nbsp;<strong>usage sp\u00e9cifique<\/strong>&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-le-hiragana-\u3072\u3089\u304c\u306a\">Le hiragana (\u3072\u3089\u304c\u306a)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Il est utilis\u00e9 pour :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00e9crire les&nbsp;<strong>mots d\u2019origine japonaise<\/strong>&nbsp;(natifs), surtout quand ils n\u2019ont&nbsp;<strong>pas de kanji<\/strong>&nbsp;associ\u00e9 ou que le kanji est trop compliqu\u00e9 ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00e9crire les \u00e9l\u00e9ments grammaticaux<\/strong>, comme les particules :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u3092 (<em>wo<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u306b (<em>ni<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u3078 (<em>he<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u304c (<em>ga<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u306f (<em>ha<\/em>, mais se prononce&nbsp;<em>wa<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Le hiragana est donc omnipr\u00e9sent dans n\u2019importe quelle phrase japonaise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-le-katakana-\u30ab\u30bf\u30ab\u30ca\">Le katakana (\u30ab\u30bf\u30ab\u30ca)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Il est utilis\u00e9 pour :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>les mots d\u2019origine \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/strong>&nbsp;(ex. hamburger \u2192 \u30cf\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u30ac\u30fc) ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>les noms \u00e9trangers<\/strong>, de personnes ou de pays ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>les onomatop\u00e9es<\/strong>&nbsp;dans les mangas (\u30c9\u30ad\u30c9\u30ad, \u30d0\u30f3\uff01) ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>mettre un mot en valeur<\/strong>, dans les publicit\u00e9s, les enseignes, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-et-les-furigana\">Et les furigana ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>As-tu entendu parler des&nbsp;<strong>furigana<\/strong>&nbsp;?<br>Ce sont de petits caract\u00e8res en hiragana ou katakana&nbsp;<strong>\u00e9crits au-dessus d\u2019un kanji<\/strong>&nbsp;pour en indiquer la&nbsp;<strong>prononciation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On les retrouve dans :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>les livres pour enfants ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les manuels pour d\u00e9butants ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les textes avec des kanji rares ou complexes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Les furigana permettent ainsi de&nbsp;<strong>lire un mot m\u00eame sans conna\u00eetre le kanji<\/strong>&nbsp;correspondant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-systeme-d-ecriture-japonais-3-les-kanji-\u6f22\u5b57\">Syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9criture japonais #3: Les kanji (\u6f22\u5b57)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dernier syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9criture japonais \u00e0 aborder :&nbsp;<strong>les kanji<\/strong>&nbsp;!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-qu-est-ce-que-les-kanji\">Qu\u2019est-ce que les kanji ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les&nbsp;<strong>kanji (\u6f22\u5b57)<\/strong>&nbsp;sont des caract\u00e8res&nbsp;<strong>d\u2019origine chinoise<\/strong>.<br>Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9&nbsp;<strong>le premier syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9criture utilis\u00e9 au Japon<\/strong>, bien avant le hiragana et le katakana, et ils sont apparus&nbsp;<strong>il y a plus de 1 500 ans<\/strong>. C\u2019est \u00e0 partir des kanji que le hiragana et le katakana ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9s, par simplification ou d\u00e9coupage de traits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-combien-de-kanji-existe-t-il\">Combien de kanji existe-t-il ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Il existe plus de&nbsp;<strong>50 000 kanji<\/strong>&nbsp;au total.<br>Heureusement, seuls&nbsp;<strong>2 000 \u00e0 3 000<\/strong>&nbsp;sont n\u00e9cessaires pour lire la plupart des textes japonais modernes (journaux, livres, panneaux, etc.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-lire-les-kanji\">Lire les kanji<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les&nbsp;<strong>kanji<\/strong>&nbsp;sont diff\u00e9rents du hiragana et du katakana, car&nbsp;<strong>un seul caract\u00e8re peut avoir plusieurs prononciations<\/strong>. Cela peut para\u00eetre d\u00e9routant au d\u00e9but, mais il y a une explication logique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il existe deux types de lectures :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udcd7&nbsp;<strong>Kun-yomi (\u8a13\u8aad\u307f)<\/strong>&nbsp;: la lecture&nbsp;<strong>japonaise<\/strong>, utilis\u00e9e souvent quand le kanji est seul ou suivi d\u2019une terminaison en hiragana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udcd5&nbsp;<strong>On-yomi (\u97f3\u8aad\u307f)<\/strong>&nbsp;: la lecture&nbsp;<strong>d\u2019origine chinoise<\/strong>, utilis\u00e9e lorsqu\u2019un kanji est combin\u00e9 avec d\u2019autres kanji dans un mot compos\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La lecture&nbsp;<strong>on-yomi<\/strong>&nbsp;est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement plus courte et plus \u00ab technique \u00bb, tandis que la&nbsp;<strong>kun-yomi<\/strong>&nbsp;est plus proche du japonais parl\u00e9 de tous les jours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u270d\ufe0f Exemple :<br>Le kanji \u4eba (personne) peut se lire :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u3058\u3093<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>jin<\/em>) dans \u5916\u56fd\u4eba (<em>gaikokujin<\/em>&nbsp;\u2192 personne \u00e9trang\u00e8re) \u2192&nbsp;<em>on-yomi<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u3072\u3068<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>hito<\/em>) dans \u4e00\u4eba (<em>hitori<\/em>&nbsp;\u2192 une personne seule) \u2192&nbsp;<em>kun-yomi<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Donc, si tu vois un kanji avec&nbsp;<strong>plusieurs prononciations selon le mot<\/strong>, c\u2019est tout \u00e0 fait normal !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ecrire-les-kanji\">\u00c9crire les kanji<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les radicaux<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tous les kanji sont construits \u00e0 partir d\u2019<strong>\u00e9l\u00e9ments plus petits appel\u00e9s radicaux<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u90e8\u9996&nbsp;<em>bushu<\/em>&nbsp;en japonais).<br>Un&nbsp;<strong>radical<\/strong>&nbsp;est un petit symbole qui peut :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00catre&nbsp;<strong>un kanji \u00e0 lui tout seul<\/strong>, comme \u4e00 (<em>ichi<\/em>&nbsp;\u2192 un), ou<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Faire&nbsp;<strong>partie d\u2019un kanji plus complexe<\/strong>&nbsp;en combinaison avec d\u2019autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Par exemple :<br> \u4e00 (un) + \u4e85 = \u4e01 (<em>ch\u014d<\/em>&nbsp;\u2192 quartier, bloc)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il existe&nbsp;<strong>214 radicaux officiels<\/strong>, et ils peuvent se placer \u00e0&nbsp;<strong>13 endroits diff\u00e9rents<\/strong>&nbsp;dans un caract\u00e8re kanji (\u00e0 gauche, en haut, en bas, autour, etc.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1Astuce : Si tu consid\u00e8res les kanji comme un&nbsp;<strong>assemblage de pi\u00e8ces<\/strong>, un peu comme un&nbsp;<strong>puzzle<\/strong>, cela t\u2019aidera \u00e0 les m\u00e9moriser plus facilement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Radicals<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-les-4-grandes-categories-de-kanji\">Les 4 grandes cat\u00e9gories de kanji<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les kanji sont class\u00e9s selon&nbsp;<strong>comment les radicaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 assembl\u00e9s<\/strong>. On peut les regrouper en&nbsp;<strong>4 types principaux<\/strong>&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-nbsp-pictogrammes-\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57-nbsp-shokei-moji\">1.&nbsp;Pictogrammes (\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57&nbsp;<em>sh\u014dkei moji<\/em>)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce sont les&nbsp;<strong>kanji les plus anciens<\/strong>, issus de&nbsp;<strong>dessins d\u2019objets r\u00e9els<\/strong>.<br>C\u2019est un peu comme les&nbsp;<strong>emojis<\/strong>&nbsp;d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui ! \ud83d\ude04<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Exemple :<br>\u5c71 (<em>yama<\/em>, montagne) \u2014 le caract\u00e8re ressemble \u00e0&nbsp;<strong>trois sommets<\/strong>&nbsp;de montagne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-nbsp-simple-ideograms-ideogrammes-simples-\u6307\u4e8b\u6587\u5b57-nbsp-shiji-moji\">2.&nbsp;Simple Ideograms Id\u00e9ogrammes simples (\u6307\u4e8b\u6587\u5b57&nbsp;<em>shiji moji<\/em>)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces kanji repr\u00e9sentent&nbsp;<strong>des id\u00e9es abstraites<\/strong>&nbsp;comme \u201chaut\u201d ou \u201cbas\u201d \u00e0 l\u2019aide de traits et de points.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Exemple :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e0a (<em>ue<\/em>, en haut) : un&nbsp;<strong>point au-dessus<\/strong>&nbsp;d\u2019une ligne<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0b (<em>shita<\/em>, en bas) : un&nbsp;<strong>point en dessous<\/strong>&nbsp;de la ligne<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-nbsp-ideogrammes-composes-\u4f1a\u610f\u6587\u5b57-nbsp-kaii-moji\">3.&nbsp;Id\u00e9ogrammes compos\u00e9s (\u4f1a\u610f\u6587\u5b57&nbsp;<em>kaii moji<\/em>)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce type de kanji est form\u00e9 par&nbsp;<strong>la combinaison de deux kanji plus simples<\/strong>&nbsp;qui, ensemble, cr\u00e9ent une&nbsp;<strong>nouvelle signification<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Exemple :<br>Le kanji&nbsp;<strong>\u4f11<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>yasumu<\/em>, se reposer) est compos\u00e9 de :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4eba (<em>hito<\/em>, personne) \u2014 souvent repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le radical \u2e85<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6728 (<em>ki<\/em>, arbre)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019image mentale ? \ud83d\udc49 Une&nbsp;<strong>personne adoss\u00e9e \u00e0 un arbre<\/strong>, en train de se reposer.<br>C\u2019est cette association logique qui donne tout son sens au caract\u00e8re&nbsp;<strong>\u4f11<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-kanji-phonetico-ideographiques-\u5f62\u58f0\u6587\u5b57-nbsp-keisei-moji\">4. Kanji phon\u00e9tico-id\u00e9ographiques (\u5f62\u58f0\u6587\u5b57&nbsp;<em>keisei moji<\/em>)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces kanji m\u00e9langent deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Un radical<\/strong>&nbsp;qui donne une&nbsp;<strong>indication de sens<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Un autre kanji qui repr\u00e9sente la&nbsp;<strong>prononciation<\/strong>&nbsp;(souvent l\u2019<em>on-yomi<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce syst\u00e8me a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en place pour r\u00e9soudre un probl\u00e8me fr\u00e9quent : parfois, un kanji repr\u00e9sentait bien un son, mais&nbsp;<strong>pas du tout le sens du mot<\/strong>. Pour \u00e9viter toute confusion, les anciens Japonais ont combin\u00e9 deux kanji \u2014&nbsp;<strong>un pour le son<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>un pour le sens<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\ud83d\udca7 Exemple :<br>Le kanji&nbsp;<strong>\u6e05<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>sei<\/em>, propre \/ pur) est compos\u00e9 de :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u2ea1 le radical de l\u2019eau (forme simplifi\u00e9e de \u6c34&nbsp;<em>mizu<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9752 (<em>sei<\/em>, bleu)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd0d Comme l\u2019eau est souvent associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la propret\u00e9, on a combin\u00e9 ces deux id\u00e9es :&nbsp;<strong>eau + bleu = pur<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">En r\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les kanji sont&nbsp;<strong>plus complexes<\/strong>&nbsp;que les hiragana ou les katakana, mais une fois que tu comprends&nbsp;<strong>la logique des radicaux<\/strong>&nbsp;et&nbsp;<strong>les diff\u00e9rents types de kanji<\/strong>, cela devient&nbsp;<strong>beaucoup plus facile \u00e0 retenir<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udcda Apprendre l\u2019<strong>ordre des traits<\/strong>&nbsp;(l\u2019ordre dans lequel on \u00e9crit les traits d\u2019un kanji) aide aussi \u00e0 mieux m\u00e9moriser.<br>Tu peux utiliser des sites sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s comme&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/app.kanjialive.com\/search\">ce site<\/a> pour verifier des kanji et voir l&#8217;ordre de ses traits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-utilisation-des-kanji\">Utilisation des kanji<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les&nbsp;<strong>kanji<\/strong>&nbsp;sont utilis\u00e9s pour \u00e9crire :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les&nbsp;<strong>noms<\/strong>&nbsp;(substantifs)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les&nbsp;<strong>radicaux de verbes<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les&nbsp;<strong>adjectifs<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 En bref, les kanji servent \u00e0 \u00e9crire la majorit\u00e9 des&nbsp;<strong>mots-cl\u00e9s de la langue japonaise<\/strong>&nbsp;que vous rencontrerez dans la vie quotidienne.<br>M\u00eame si&nbsp;<strong>les hiragana et katakana sont essentiels<\/strong>, il est&nbsp;<strong>impossible de se passer des kanji<\/strong>&nbsp;si vous voulez lire ou \u00e9crire en japonais de mani\u00e8re fluide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-exemple\">Exemple<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Reprenons une derni\u00e8re fois notre phrase avec Bob, mais cette fois-ci&nbsp;<strong>\u00e9crite comme elle le serait dans un contexte courant<\/strong>&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u79c1\u306e\u30da\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u540d\u524d\u306f\u30dc\u30d6\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br><em>Watashi no petto no namae wa bobu desu.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vous avez remarqu\u00e9 ? Cette version est&nbsp;<strong>plus courte<\/strong>&nbsp;que celle tout en hiragana !<br>Ici :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u79c1<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>watashi<\/em>, je) et&nbsp;<strong>\u540d\u524d<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>namae<\/em>, nom) sont en kanji.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30da\u30c3\u30c8<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>petto<\/em>, animal de compagnie) et&nbsp;<strong>\u30dc\u30d6<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>Bob<\/em>) sont en katakana.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les particules&nbsp;<strong>\u306e<\/strong>&nbsp;et&nbsp;<strong>\u306f<\/strong>, ainsi que le verbe&nbsp;<strong>\u3067\u3059<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>desu<\/em>), restent en hiragana.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>En combinant les trois syst\u00e8mes, la phrase devient&nbsp;<strong>plus lisible visuellement<\/strong>, et c\u2019est ainsi que les Japonais \u00e9crivent naturellement !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bien que cela puisse para\u00eetre&nbsp;<strong>intimidant au d\u00e9but<\/strong>, tout devient plus simple avec un peu de&nbsp;<strong>pratique<\/strong>&nbsp;!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u270d\ufe0f Essayez d\u2019\u00e9crire les kanji \u00e0 la main pour mieux comprendre la logique des radicaux.<br>\ud83d\udcf1 Vous pouvez aussi utiliser des&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/top-five-app-kanji-writing-learning\/\">applications sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;pour vous entra\u00eener \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre, lire et \u00e9crire les kanji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>On a vu&nbsp;<strong>beaucoup de choses<\/strong>&nbsp;aujourd\u2019hui ! Voici un petit r\u00e9capitulatif pour bien tout retenir :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83c\uddef\ud83c\uddf5 Le syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9criture japonais est compos\u00e9 de&nbsp;<strong>trois types d\u2019\u00e9criture<\/strong>&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hiragana\">Hiragana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Formes&nbsp;<strong>arrondies<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chaque caract\u00e8re repr\u00e9sente une&nbsp;<strong>syllabe<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Utilis\u00e9 pour les&nbsp;<strong>particules<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>terminaisons verbales<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>mots grammaticaux<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>mots d\u2019origine japonaise<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-katakana\">Katakana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Formes&nbsp;<strong>anguleuses<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Repr\u00e9sente aussi des&nbsp;<strong>syllabes<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Utilis\u00e9 pour les&nbsp;<strong>mots \u00e9trangers<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>noms \u00e9trangers<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>onomatop\u00e9es<\/strong>, et&nbsp;<strong>mises en valeur<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-kanji\">Kanji<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Id\u00e9ogrammes<\/strong>&nbsp;complexes form\u00e9s de&nbsp;<strong>radicaux<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Repr\u00e9sentent un&nbsp;<strong>concept<\/strong>, un&nbsp;<strong>son<\/strong>, ou les deux<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Utilis\u00e9s pour les&nbsp;<strong>noms<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>verbes<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>adjectifs<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pr\u00eat(e) \u00e0 vous lancer ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vous voil\u00e0 maintenant bien \u00e9quip\u00e9 pour commencer \u00e0&nbsp;<strong>lire et \u00e9crire le japonais<\/strong>&nbsp;comme un pro !<br>Et si vous avez besoin d\u2019un coup de main,&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/fr\/contact\/\">n\u2019h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 nous contacter<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;ou \u00e0&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cotoacademy.com\/fr\/course\/\">rejoindre l\u2019un de nos cours de japonais<\/a><\/strong> \u00e0 Coto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-leadin-hubspot-form-block\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\n\t\t\t\t\t\twindow.hsFormsOnReady = window.hsFormsOnReady || [];\n\t\t\t\t\t\twindow.hsFormsOnReady.push(()=>{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\thbspt.forms.create({\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tportalId: 8680638,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tformId: \"75a248bf-df73-46fe-9132-745df7e59bf5\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget: \"#hbspt-form-1776959191000-0295011803\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tregion: \"na1\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t})});\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hbspt-form\" id=\"hbspt-form-1776959191000-0295011803\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-faq\">FAQ<\/h2>\n\n\n\t\t<section\t\tclass=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card    \"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<h2>Quel est le syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9criture japonais ?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_fs_faq__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>Le syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9criture japonais utilise les scripts&nbsp;<strong>hiragana<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>katakana<\/strong>&nbsp;et&nbsp;<strong>kanji<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section\t\tclass=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card    \"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<h2>Que repr\u00e9sente l\u2019hiragana ?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_fs_faq__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>L\u2019hiragana est utilis\u00e9 pour \u00e9crire les&nbsp;<strong>mots japonais d\u2019origine<\/strong>, les&nbsp;<strong>particules grammaticales<\/strong>&nbsp;et les&nbsp;<strong>terminaisons verbales<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section\t\tclass=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card    \"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<h2>Que repr\u00e9sente le katakana ?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_fs_faq__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>Le katakana sert \u00e0 transcrire les&nbsp;<strong>mots \u00e9trangers<\/strong>, les&nbsp;<strong>emprunts linguistiques<\/strong>, les&nbsp;<strong>onomatop\u00e9es<\/strong>&nbsp;et les mots que l\u2019on souhaite&nbsp;<strong>mettre en valeur<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section\t\tclass=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card    \"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<h2>Combien y a-t-il de caract\u00e8res en hiragana et katakana ?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_fs_faq__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>Il y a&nbsp;<strong>46 caract\u00e8res<\/strong>&nbsp;dans&nbsp;<strong>chacun<\/strong>&nbsp;des syllabaires hiragana et katakana.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section\t\tclass=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card    \"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<h2>Qu\u2019est-ce qui ressemble le plus \u00e0 l\u2019alphabet fran\u00e7ais ?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_fs_faq__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>Il n\u2019existe&nbsp;<strong>pas d\u2019alphabet<\/strong>&nbsp;en japonais, mais les \u00e9l\u00e9ments les plus proches seraient les syllabaires&nbsp;<strong>hiragana<\/strong>&nbsp;et&nbsp;<strong>katakana<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section\t\tclass=\"sc_fs_faq sc_card    \"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<h2>Combien de kanji faut-il apprendre ?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_fs_faq__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>Pour \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme&nbsp;<strong>fluent<\/strong>&nbsp;en japonais, il faut apprendre&nbsp;<strong>entre 1 500 et 2 500 caract\u00e8res kanji<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n\t{\n\t\t\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n\t\t\"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n\t\t\"mainEntity\": [\n\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"Quel est le syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9criture japonais ?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"<p>Le syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9criture japonais utilise les scripts&nbsp;<strong>hiragana<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>katakana<\/strong>&nbsp;et&nbsp;<strong>kanji<\/strong>.<\/p>\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"Que repr\u00e9sente l\u2019hiragana ?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"<p>L\u2019hiragana est utilis\u00e9 pour \u00e9crire les&nbsp;<strong>mots japonais d\u2019origine<\/strong>, les&nbsp;<strong>particules grammaticales<\/strong>&nbsp;et les&nbsp;<strong>terminaisons verbales<\/strong>.<\/p>\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"Que repr\u00e9sente le katakana ?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"<p>Le katakana sert \u00e0 transcrire les&nbsp;<strong>mots \u00e9trangers<\/strong>, les&nbsp;<strong>emprunts linguistiques<\/strong>, les&nbsp;<strong>onomatop\u00e9es<\/strong>&nbsp;et les mots que l\u2019on souhaite&nbsp;<strong>mettre en valeur<\/strong>.<\/p>\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"Combien y a-t-il de caract\u00e8res en hiragana et katakana ?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"<p>Il y a&nbsp;<strong>46 caract\u00e8res<\/strong>&nbsp;dans&nbsp;<strong>chacun<\/strong>&nbsp;des syllabaires hiragana et katakana.<\/p>\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"Qu\u2019est-ce qui ressemble le plus \u00e0 l\u2019alphabet fran\u00e7ais ?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"<p>Il n\u2019existe&nbsp;<strong>pas d\u2019alphabet<\/strong>&nbsp;en japonais, mais les \u00e9l\u00e9ments les plus proches seraient les syllabaires&nbsp;<strong>hiragana<\/strong>&nbsp;et&nbsp;<strong>katakana<\/strong>.<\/p>\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t,\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\t\t\t\t\"name\": \"Combien de kanji faut-il apprendre ?\",\n\t\t\t\t\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\"text\": \"<p>Pour \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme&nbsp;<strong>fluent<\/strong>&nbsp;en japonais, il faut apprendre&nbsp;<strong>entre 1 500 et 2 500 caract\u00e8res kanji<\/strong>.<\/p>\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t]\n\t}\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00e9couvrez les trois syst\u00e8mes d\u2019\u00e9criture japonais : kanji, hiragana et katakana, et apprenez quand et comment les utiliser.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":93026,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-93021","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-japanese-study"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.7 (Yoast SEO v24.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Apprendre le syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9criture japonais : votre guide simple et illustr\u00e9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"D\u00e9couvrez le syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9criture japonais : hiragana, katakana et kanji, leurs usages, diff\u00e9rences et exemples simples.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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